Abstract: An improved process for dyeing or printing water-swellable cellulosic fibers and mixtures of said cellulosic fibers with synthetic fibers by contacting the fibers throughout with a dye liquor or print paste which contains, as essential ingredients, water in an amount sufficient to swell the cellulosic fibers, a water-insoluble disperse dye and a water-soluble solvent which maintains swelling of the cellulose if water is removed and which is a solvent for the disperse dye, and heating the contacted fibers to effect fixation of the dye, the improvement comprising using as water-soluble solvent a mixture of(a) polyethylene oxide, a block copolymer of ethylene oxide and propylene oxide or an ether, ester or carbamate derivative thereof and(b) a polyoxyethylated amine.

Abstract: New thiophene compounds and a new process for the manufacture of thiophene compounds by dehydrogenating dihydrothiophene with certain halogen compounds. The products are starting materials for the manufacture of pharmaceuticals, dyes and plant protection agents and, in particular, for the manufacture of additives to foodstuffs, feeds, beverages and pharmaceuticals.

Abstract: A tape guide, especially a guide for thin magnetic tapes which are subjected to strong acceleration forces in the longitudinal direction, and a tape transport apparatus with a central capstan, comprising such a tape guide. The tape guide includes one or two rotatable, but fixedly arranged guide rollers having flanges arranged around part of the periphery thereof, which flanges each have an ingress and an egress chamfer for the tape. When one guide roller is used, the magnetic head is positioned between a tape reel and the guide roller and, when two guide rollers are used, it is positioned between the said two rollers, the magnetic head bearing against the unsupported span of tape in each case. The tape guide may be provided with means for producing cushions of air for stabilizing the roller as it rotates.

Abstract: The invention concerns a process for the manufacture of flexible polyurethane foams by reaction of a mixture consisting of diphenylmethane diisocyanates and polyphenylene polymethylene polyisocyanates having a functionality greater than 2 containing 55 to 85 percent by weight diphenylmethane diisocyanate based on the total weight of the isocyanate mixture with polyester polyols or mixtures of polyester polyols and polyether polyols having a polyester polyol content of more than 60 percent by weight based on the weight of the polyol mixture, and optionally chain extenders, auxiliaries, and additives, in the presence of catalysts and, in particular, water as a blowing agent. The special selection of starting compounds results in the production of flexible polyurethane foams having a high resistance to hydrolysis, high load-bearing capacity, and high energy absorption upon impact.

Abstract: In a process for the manufacture of sodium dithionite by reacting sulfur dioxide with sodium formate and aqueous sodium hydroxide solution in the presence of methanol, an aqueous methanolic solution of sodium formate is first produced by reacting carbon monoxide with sodium hydroxide solution in an aqueous medium, containing from 1 to 50% by weight of methanol, based on the amount of water, at from 80 to 120.degree. C. under a pressure of from 10 to 40 bars. The resulting aqueous methanolic solution can be reacted directly, in the conventional manner, with sulfur dioxide and aqueous sodium hydroxide solution to give sodium dithionite.

Abstract: Novel alkylaminopropanol derivatives of 2-methyl-5-(2-hydroxystyryl)-1,3,4-thiadiazole and their addition salts with acids, their preparation, and pharmaceutical formulations, containing these compounds, which may be used for the treatment of coronary diseases of the heart, of hypertonia and of cardiac arrhythmias.

Abstract: Hydrophobic polyurethane foams which have densities of from 4 to 15 g/liter and in which the number of closed cells is from 2 to 30%, and the number of open cells from 98 to 70%, based on the total number of cells, are obtained from polyisocyanates, polyhydroxy compounds, catalysts and water, with or without lipophilic compounds, the components being reacted in such amounts that the ratio of hydrogen atoms capable of undergoing a Zerewitinoff reaction to NCO groups is from 1.3 to 10:1. The foams are suitable for the absorption of oil and/or by hydrophobic solvents, which may or may not contain halogen, from water.

Abstract: Oxyalkylated 1,3-bis-aryl-glycerol ethers of the formula ##STR1## where R and R.sup.1 are aromatic substituents, R.sup.2 is --CH.sub.3 or --C.sub.2 H.sub.5, R.sup.3 is --H or --CH.sub.3, n is from 0 to 10 and m is from 8 to 50.The compounds of the formula I are used as emulsifiers, preferably in the preparation of print pastes.

Abstract: A process for isolating butadiene by means of a selective solvent from a C.sub.4 -hydrocarbon mixture which contains butadiene, small amounts of oxygen, hydrocarbons which are more soluble than butadiene in the selective solvent and hydrocarbons which are less soluble than butadiene in the selective solvent, wherein the C.sub.4 -hydrocarbon mixture is separated, by extractive distillation, into a distillate containing the less soluble hydrocarbons, a stream of butadiene and a stream containing the more soluble hydrocarbons, a mixture of oxygen and C.sub.4 -hydrocarbons is separated out of the C.sub.4 -hydrocarbon mixture in a distillation zone upstream of the extractive distillation, and the bottom product is fed to the extractive distillation.

Abstract: Diketones are prepared by oxidizing glycols in the presence of a silver catalyst and/or copper catalyst of a specific particle size, under specific temperature conditions and with a specific composition of the catalyst. The end products are starting materials for the preparation of dyes, drugs, plastics, scents, wrinkle-resist finishes and assistants for increasing the tear strength and resilience of fibrous materials, hardeners for use in the photographic industry, textile assistants for preventing shrinkage after washing, and paper assistants.

Abstract: New, substituted cyanamides, processes for the manufacture thereof, and fungicides containing these compounds.

Abstract: A process for the preparation of benzaldehydes of the general ##STR1## where R.sup.1 is hydrogen or alkyl, wherein a compound of the formula ##STR2## where X is hydrogen, hydroxyl or R.sup.2 --COO--, and R.sup.2 is hydrogen or alkyl of 1 to 6 carbon atoms, is oxidized electrochemically in the presence of water, of an alkanoic acid of the formulaR.sup.3 COOH IIIwhere R.sup.3 is hydrogen or alkyl of 1 to 6 carbon atoms, and of a conductive salt.

Abstract: A macroporous crosslinked sytrene resin, used as a carrier for covalently binding proteins, which resin contains isocyanate, thioisocyanate or aldehyde groups as protein-binding groups and may or may not contain sulfonic acid groups--which may also be in the form of the sodium salt or of sulfonic acid amide groups--as hydrophilic groups.The carrier according to the invention is prepared from a sulfochlorinated macroporous crosslinked styrene resin by reacting the sulfonic acid chloride groups with an .alpha.,.omega.-diamino compound, with hydrazine or with an .alpha.,.omega.-diaminodiether, converting any sulfonic acid chloride groups which may still be present to free sulfonic acid groups, their sodium salt or a sulfonamide group, and then reacting the terminal amino groups with phosgene, thiophosgene or a diisocyanate in order to produce the binding groups, which in turn fix a biologically active protein by covalent bonds.

Abstract: .alpha.-haloalkylcarbamyl halides are manufactured by reacting N-tert.-alkyl-N-1-alkenyl-carbamyl halides with a hydrogen halide at from -78.degree. C. to +80.degree. C.The .alpha.-haloalkylcarbamyl halides, e.g. .alpha.-chloroalkylcarbamyl chlorides, especially .alpha.-chloroethylcarbamyl chloride, prepared by the process of the invention, are valuable starting materials for the manufacture of surface-coating raw materials, textile coatings, dyes, drugs and crop protection agents.

Abstract: A process for the manufacture of high molecular weight linear polyesters which are derived from dicarboxylic acids or their ester-forming derivatives and from diols, by condensing polyester precondensates, having a relative viscosity of at least 1.05, at from 270.degree. to 340.degree. C. under reduced pressure, the condensation being started at from 290.degree. to 340.degree. C. and the temperature being lowered as the condensation progresses, the final temperature being at least 10.degree. C. above the melting point of the particular polyester produced, and an apparatus for carrying out the process.

Abstract: New N-fluoromethyl-carbamic acid fluorides and a new process for their manufacture by reacting N-halomethyl-carbamic acid halides with metal fluorides. The products are starting materials for the manufacture of drugs, dyes, pesticides, plastics, plastics auxiliaries and textile auxiliaries.

Abstract: Polyurethane elastomers having nearly Newtonian flow characteristics and having reduced thixotropy are provided by admixing with a pigmented polyol a minor amount of a sodium alkyl sulfate. The polyurethanes hereof are employed as surface coatings for athletic arenas, such as gymnasiums and the like.

Abstract: Amines are N-alkylated by reaction with an alcohol or a carbonyl compound in the presence of hydrogen under atmospheric pressure in the gas phase over a catalyst, containing copper and aluminum, which is obtained by heating and reducing a basic precipitate of salts of copper and aluminum.

Abstract: A process for treating a liquid with a gas in a circulatory reactor, in which the gas is introduced by a jet of liquid into a circulating liquid, is entrained downwards in a tube, rises in an annular space surrounding the tube and--if it has not reacted completely--is again entrained downward over the upper edge of the tube. Using the process according to the invention, a very uniform gas distribution and, in the case of heterogeneous reactions, also a very uniform distribution of the suspended catalyst, is achieved over the entire reaction space.

Abstract: This invention relates to single-phase antifreeze or coolant concentrates comprising an alcohol, a silicone-silicate copolymer and an organic basic pH buffer and corrosion inhibitor comprising a hydroxybenzoic acid or mixtures thereof. The concentrates are preferably used as coolants either undiluted or upon dilution with about 30 to about 90 percent by weight of water based upon the total weight of the coolant. The alcohol is preferably ethylene glycol. The coolant compositions are especially effective in inhibiting the corrosion of aluminum internal combustion engine and radiator components.