Abstract: A line network for at least one of hydraulic and pneumatic media with the line network being adapted for use in motor vehicles such as buses as well as in aircraft, machines, or buildings. The line network is formed by extruded sections or members instead of conventional individual lines with each or the sections of members including a plurality of tubular enclosed sections which define the lines as well as chambers or reservoirs for accommodating pneumatic and hydraulic media or the like. Connection to the lines and/or chambers can be accomplished throughout the entire length of the extruded members or sections. The extruded members or sections may be formed from aluminum, aluminum alloys, and, in certain applications, of a plastic material.

Abstract: Water guide channels for motor vehicles are known, which have a continuous profile strip running along the windscreen pillar and the roof, the profile strip having a constant cross-sectional shape over its entire length.In order to optimize an arrangement of this type, it is proposed that in the region of the windscreen pillar, the profile strip form a wall part of a water guide channel open towards the center of the vehicle and, that, in the approximately horizontal roof region, it completely covers up the top of a channel formed by depressions in the external skin of the roof thereby forming the water guide channel by a leg of the profile strip, and the external skin of the roof.

Abstract: A fuel tank, especially for motor vehicles, includes two shaped shells which include a shell bottom, shell walls and a continuous shell rim, the shell rims of the shaped shells being adapted to be welded together to thereby form a composite fuel tank structure. At least one of the bottoms of one of the shaped shells which forms one of the side walls of the composite fuel tank structure is provided with reinforcing ribs and an outwardly protruding bulge. Additionally, the bottom of the composite tank structure formed by a wall of one of the shaped shells includes a bulge. The bulges form flexurally soft deformation zone extending generally at right angles to the reinforcing ribs and generally parallel to a portion of the shell rim which extends generally parallel to the bottom of the composite tank for absorbing stresses.

Abstract: A pneumatic spring for motor vehicles which includes a closed spring volume and two spring surfaces of different sizes adapted to be subjected to pressure acting in opposite directions. The two spring surfaces each have an effective spring surface which is variable in size as a function of travel of the pneumatic spring. A separate support arrangement is provided for each of the spring surfaces for supporting the spring surfaces so as to be coaxial with respect to one another. A linking construction is provided for elastically linking the two support arrangements with one another so as to enable an axial distance between the support arrangements to be variable within predetermined limits as a function of a pressure of the closed spring volume.

Abstract: An installation for damping vibrations in the drive connection of a motor vehicle by a vibration absorber which includes, in coaxial arrangement with the cardan shaft, an annular vibrating mass, a carrier flange adapted to be secured to the cardan shaft, and a resilient body of an elastomeric material which effects the vibration coupling of the vibrating mass with the carrier body of the carrier flange; stiffening elements are inserted into the resilient body which serve as stiffening elements effective in the radial direction; additionally apertures are provided in the resilient body on both sides of the stiffening elements which enable an intentional reduction of its torsional stiffness so that a resonant frequency rate f.sub.r /f.sub.t of 2.5 or more can be realized for the vibration absorber.

Abstract: A method of adjusting a plurality of fuel injection units associated with respective cylinders of a multi-cylinder diesel engine having a crankshaft operatively connected to all said cylinders is provided. Each of said fuel injection units comprises a fuel injection nozzle, a fuel injection pump connected to said nozzle and operable to discharge fuel therethrough, drive means for driving said pump, a housing accommodating said nozzle, said pump and said drive means, a capacity control element for controlling the capacity of said pump, and a timing control element for controlling the time at which said pump begins to discharge fuel through said nozzle.

Abstract: A valve of an internal combustion engine in which for purposes of increasing the strength within the area of the annular groove for the conical pieces retaining the spring plate for the valve springs, the corners of the annular groove are rounded-off with a relatively small radius which passes over into the cylindrical part of the annular groove by way of a larger radius; the upper portion of the valve stem is provided with an outer layer which is induction-hardened and which extends up to within the clamping area of the conical pieces.

Abstract: A lathe has two tool units for machining a workpiece from both end faces, and a workpiece-gripping drive stock disposed between the two tool units. A single chuck is supported on the drive stock and includes a series of radially displaceable gripping members and two coaxial rings rotatable relative to each other for actuating the gripping members, an outer one of the rings serving as a pulley for a driving belt whereby the outer ring is driven and each one of the two rings having an annular series of coupling teeth at one end face thereof. Two devices for respectively loading and unloading the workpiece each comprises a carrier carrying coupling teeth, the coupling teeth of the two coaxial chuck rings being movable into mesh with the coupling teeth of said devices, the coupling teeth carrier of only one of the devices being rotatable and a motor being connected to the rotatable carrier for rotating the carrier.

Abstract: A wheel cover with a retainment arrangement that includes several U-shaped retaining springs clipped onto a circumferential ring; the retaining springs engage thereby with one leg in a groove-shaped recess provided in the wheel rim while the circumferential ring consists of a separate essentially non-springy support ring; the wheel cover is thereby supported at the support ring while the retaining springs are clipped onto the support ring.

Abstract: The invention relates to a drive axle for a motor vehicle, which axle can be driven by an internal combustion engine or an electric motor, according to choice.For the above-mentioned purpose, a changeover gear unit is installed on the axle beam of the drive axle, this gear unit being equipped with one gear unit input shaft for each drive unit, it being possible to connect these drive unit input shafts, individually, to the gear unit output shaft driving the differential gear, coupling being effected by means of a shifting clutch, the axes of the shafts extending at right angles to the axis of the axle beam.The drive ends of the two gear unit input shafts are located on opposite sides of the changeover gear unit, so that the two drive units can be positioned on different sides of the axle and, as a result, the axle loading is configured in a correspondingly advantageous manner.

Abstract: The present invention describes a method for increasing the endurance of oil lubricated conical roller bearings, in which the guide surface is coated with a lubricating paint that is insoluble in oil. A coating of a molybdenum disulphide lubricating paint with a thickness of 3 to 8 .mu.m is preferred. The coated bearing also exhibits reduced friction and quieter running, even when the lubricating paint has been worn off.

Abstract: The invention relates to an exterior mirror for vehicles, with a mirror-housing which, in normal operation, is retained in a fixed location on the vehicle and which, in the event of a collision, can fold away, forwards or backwards, until it assumes at least an approximately flat position against the vehicle. Folding occurs about a pair of pivot-axes. A mirror-shell, carrying a reflector, is retained in the interior of the mirror-housing. An aerodynamically efficient fairing is provided on the leading side of the mirror-housing. In order to be able to design the fairing with a shape which is particularly aerodynamically efficient, namely with a shape which is particularly long in the direction in which the vehicle travels and which resembles a wedge, while nevertheless being able, on the other hand, to permit the mirror to fold away effectively and with little overhang, at least one separate pivot-axis is provided for the fairing of the mirror-housing.

Abstract: In a vehicle equipped with a propulsion control system combined with an anti-blocking system, a pressure reservoir provided as a brake pressure supply-source which can be charged by means of the return pump of the anti-blocking system, whereby the charging operation is valve-controlled so that the feed from the return pump is directed into the pressure reservoir during pressure-reduction phases of the propulsion control system, the pressure reservoir can also be charged, outside the control phases of the propulsion control system, either by operating the driver's brake pedal or by automatic activation of a charging circuit accompanied by the operation of the return pump.

Abstract: A process for intermittent control of a cyclically operating internal combustion engine wherein, in the succession of working cycles, working strokes are skipped--in approximately uniform distribution--and the number of skips is varied in dependence on the load. Fuel is fed in a controlled fashion only to the nonskipping working chambers of the internal combustion engine independently of the load in a constant quantity optimal for consumption. For a sensitive power distribution, especially in the low load range, the number of skips is varied chronologically at least approximately randomly and independently of the speed, i.e., the temporal density of the working strokes is varied. This can be accomplished by setting differently finely staggered firing patterns or by a stochastic ignition setting.

Abstract: A reciprocating internal combustion engine comprises an engine block, which includes the cylinders, cylinder heads, pistons, connecting rods, a crankshaft and main bearings for the crankshaft. The engine block is oiltightly mounted in an outer pan and is held in said outer pan by supporting elements which are provided at both end faces of the engine block and insulate against a transmission of structure-borne sound. The engine block is sealed at the top edge portion of the outer pan only by an oil seal. The supporting elements are coaxial to the crankshaft. To minimize the transmission of vibration to the supporting elements which insulate against the transmission of structure-borne sound, said supporting elements are connected to the engine block by holders, which extend below the cylinders and are secured to the engine block approximately in the middle of the region traversed by the piston heads between their top and bottom dead center positions.

Abstract: A bearing arrangement for the balance shafts for balancing second order inertia forces on an internal combustion engine, in which the balance shafts run parallel to the crankshaft on both longitudinal walls of the crankcase, and have the ends carrying the balance weights supported by means of journal bearings within the crankcase and having driven ends supported by means of roller bearings outside the crankcase in the region of a crankcase end wall.

Abstract: A system employing at least one axle of a vehicle equipped with an anti-locking system for achieving a control behavior operating according to modified individual control (MIC) to prevent yawing moments on the vehicle during controlled braking on roads with very different road-holding values between the left and right side of the vehicle wherein a sensor assigned to each wheel is provided with two separate brake circuits separately controllable by brake cylinders serve, the first brake circuit of each wheel being controlled respectively by a control channel as a function of the movement behavior of the actual wheel to be controlled and a second brake circuit of each wheel is controlled by a common control channel assigned exclusively as a function of the movement behavior of the wheels and a further driving parameter of the vehicle.

Abstract: A device for cooling the wheels of motor vehicles which are equipped with disc brakes mounted on the wheels between the wheel centers and a cover plate. The rotors of the disc brakes are fastened to the wheel flange of the wheel hub by a pot-shaped part which delimits radially an annular space opening in the direction of the cover plate. The cover plate is provided with openings through which a cooling air stream can enter the wheel space containing the brake. The wheel center is provided with openings near a rim portion thereof through which air can escape from the outer annular space left between the brake and wheel center. The annular space communicates through a space between the rim and the brake with an annular space delimited by the remaining space and the cover plate in the axial direction.

Abstract: An arrangement for regulating the torque transmitted by friction type gear shifting elements whereby, at every point in time throughout a previously specified time duration of a gear shifting operation, the clutch torque which is necessary at that point in time and is defined as a minimum torque, is computed utilizing measured values of an input and output rotational speed of a change-speed transmission or a gearbox, as well as measured values of an operating pressure of the friction-type gear shifting elements. At the minimum torque the relative rotational speed of the parts of the friction-type gear shifting elements, for example, parts of a friction-type clutch, a difference between an input and output speed of the change-speed transmission or gearbox remains constant. At the same time, an additional torque is computed in accordance with a prespecified function.

Abstract: A surface heater body which is constructed as two-layer, expanded partial composite laminated body and contains two mutually separated channels or channel systems adjoining one another wall-to-wall in a heat-conducting manner; one channel system which extends over the entire area of the surface heater body and which is hermetically closed off, operates as heat-pipe to distribute the supplied heat over a large area; a heat channel traversed by heating water extends along the bottom edge of the surface heater body; a rectilinear continuous non-expanded strip is provided between the heat channel and the heat-pipe channel system, along which the partial composite laminated body is bent U-shaped so that the heat channel and the heat-pipe channel system come into mutual abutment where they are permanently and heat-conductingly connected with each other over the entire contact surface; a separate pipe may also be provided as heat channel or, as a still further alternative, a heat-pipe may be inserted into the heat-p