Abstract: A vane-type fluid displacement unit having a housing, a drive shaft extending through the housing, a rotor secured to the drive shaft and disposed within the housing, the rotor having at least one non-smooth top or bottom surface, and at least one vane secured to the rotor.

Abstract: The invention relates to an axial piston engine with a filling pump integrated in a receiving bore of the axial piston engine, which filling pump comprises a gerotor set with an externally toothed inner ring and an internally toothed outer ring and also an inner thrust plate and an outer thrust plate. The two thrust plates enclose the gerotor set between them and, on their surfaces facing away from the gerotor set, are in each case supported via a pressure field seal, which surrounds the pressure field regions formed in the thrust plates, in such a way on the housing walls axially enclosing the filling pump that lateral play in the form of axial mobility of the filling pump is guaranteed.

Abstract: A hydraulic unit that uses first and second support structures to eliminate the use of webs within an arcuate inlet and outlet of a valve plate. Specifically, a valve plate body extends between an inner and outer diameter wherein the outer diameter in a first position is placed in close proximity to a first support structure and the inner diameter is placed in close proximity to a second support structure. Thus, stress of hydraulic fluid flowing through the arcuate inlet or outlet deflects the inner and outer diameters causing them to engage the first and second support structures such that stress is passed to the first and second support structures and the valve plate is stiffened.

Abstract: An object comprising an electrically conductive body part, e.g. comprising copper or silver, and a layer comprising a refractory metal, preferably tantalum. At least part of the refractory metal layer has been transformed into an electrically conductive ceramic material, preferably a tantalum boride. The refractory metal layer improves the corrosion resistant properties of the object and the ceramic material prevents oxidation of the refractory metal layer, and thereby passivation of the object during conduction of a current. The object is suitable for use as an electrode in corrosive environments. The object is cost effective because passivation can be avoided without applying a layer of precious metal. Also a method of forming the object in which the ceramic material is preferably provided by applying boride in a gaseous or solid phase and heating the object.

Abstract: The invention provides a method of making a squirrel cage rotor for an electrical motor, and to a rotor for such a motor. The rotor comprises a rotor stack of a magnetically conductive material and a squirrel cage of an electrically conductive material. At least one of the short circuit rings are made by compression and sintering of a powder in which a solid element is embedded. The solid element facilitates manufacturing by increasing strength of potentially weak areas of the rotor, e.g. around openings into the shaft bore, rotor slots etc.

Abstract: A joystick device is provided that is in electronic communication with a remotely located main electronic controller used to control heavy machinery and the like. The joystick device includes a base assembly having a first microprocessor in electronic communication with the main electronic controller. The joystick device also includes a grip assembly pivotally connected to the base assembly. The grip assembly includes a plurality of input buttons and a second microprocessor in electronic communication with the first microprocessor. The joystick device further includes sensing elements that detect movement of the joystick device.

Abstract: An improved method for detection of engine faults especially suited for use on ships. The method is in particular related to the detection of a fault in an internal combustion engine having within the housing a crankshaft connected to a piston. The method includes determination of a pressure difference between the housing and the area outside the housing. If comparison of the pressure difference with a fault indicating pressure difference limit shows that the pressure difference is greater than the fault indication pressure difference limit then the presence of the fault is indicated. According to the method is in the pressure difference determined by comparing the pressure existing in the housing with the pressure of the area outside the housing, while attenuating pressure changes of the area outside the housing, so that pressure changes having a duration equal to or less than a defined fault characteristic period of time are supposed.

Abstract: An IR sensor (1), especially a CO2 sensor, is described, having a filter arrangement (6), downstream of which there is arranged a detector arrangement (7), and an evaluating device (8) which is connected to the detector arrangement (7), the filter arrangement (6) having a first filter (9) and a second filter (10), which are configured as bandpass filters and each have a passband and of which the first filter (9) allows passage of a predetermined IR band and the second filter (10) does not, and the detector arrangement having two detectors (14, 15), each of which is associated with a filter (9, 10). The objective is to simplify the use of such an IR sensor. For that purpose, the passband of one filter (10) is arranged within the passband of the other filter (9) and the evaluating device (8) forms the difference of the signals (S1, S2) of the detectors (14, 15) and normalises it to the signal (S1) of a detector (14).

Abstract: A gasket for a hydraulic housing and a method of manufacturing the same. The gasket is made by taking a metal body having a first and second side and coating the first and second side with rubber. An area of the rubber is then burned off by a laser and then in that area the laser is used to create a plurality of openings that act to filter hydraulic fluid that flows through the gasket.

Abstract: A relief valve assembly. The relief valve assembly has a housing that houses a sleeve element that surrounds a spool that has a spring guide disposed therein and is biased away from the spool by a spring. A fluid flow path is created from a valve exit of the assembly through the sleeve and spool via a series of openings, grooves and orifices in at least one position of the relief valve assembly. The fluid flow path acts to reduce pressure rise rate.

Abstract: A method for controlling a refrigeration system comprising a variable compressor capacity, and at least two refrigeration entities, e.g. display cases. Suction pressure is controlled by means of permitting/preventing a flow of refrigerant into evaporator of one or more refrigeration entities. Compressor capacity is controlled to match a desired capacity level and based on a signal derived from one or more properties of the one or more refrigeration entities, said signal reflecting a possible difference between the current compressor capacity and a current refrigeration demand of the refrigeration system. Reduces wear on compressors because switching them ON/OFF is avoided to the largest extent possible. Prevents problems relating to conflicting control strategies due to control parameters, e.g. suction pressure, being controlled by means of two or more controllable parts, e.g. compressors and flow of refrigerant into refrigeration entities.

Abstract: A method of visually investigating a coated surface of an object, the coating comprising a metal or an alloy, in order to determine whether or not the coating is tight. An increasing potential is applied to the object until a desired current level has been obtained or until a maximum potential has been reached. In case the coating is tight this results in a change in colour of the coating. This may be due to a polarization of the coating material and/or due to an increase in thickness of a naturally occurring metal oxide layer. In case the coating is tight the desired current level can not be obtained, and the potential is increased to the maximum level resulting in a change in colour. In case pinholes are present it is possible to obtain the desired current level, and the increase in potential is stopped before it is high enough to cause the change in colour. Provides a dramatic visual effect allowing an immediate determination of whether or not pinholes are present.

Abstract: An object comprising a conductive body part, a layer comprising a refractory metal (e.g. tantalum), and a layer comprising a precious metal (e.g. platinum or gold). A metallurgical bond has been formed between the layers. Thereby oxidation of the refractory metal layer, and thereby passivation of the object, can be avoided even with small amounts of precious metal. This lowers the material costs while ensuring desired corrosion resistant properties. The object is suitable for an electrode to be used in a corrosive environment, in particular when a large conductivity is needed. Also a method of manufacturing the object. The metallurgical bond is provided by heating the object.

Abstract: A capacitive transducer having a significantly increased actuation force and improved response time as compared to similar prior art capacitive transducers. In the capacitive transducer of the present invention it is not necessary to balance response time and actuation force or to provide pre-strain to the transducer in a direction of actuation. Additionally, buckling in the capacitive transducer is prevented, or at least substantially reduced, in a simple manner.

Abstract: A valve assembly for a hydraulic device. The valve assembly has a valve seat within a valve passageway used in combination with a spool. The spool has a first section wherein a flexible element is disposed within a cavity of the first section such that in a first position the spool and specifically the flexible element engages the valve seat to provide zero leakage from the valve passageway into a tank passageway. Additionally, the spool is designed to have an additional section at a second end to provide equal sealing areas at both the first and second ends of the spool to balance the forces within the valve passageway.

Abstract: A method of yielding the average current in a PWM driven coil for an electrohydraulic valve. The method includes transmitting a feedback signal into a Finite Impulse Response filter to take multiple signal samples in order to calculate and average value of current within one cycle. This average value is transmitted to an algorithm that generates a pulse width signal that drives the coil of the electrohydraulic valve in the next system cycle.

Abstract: An arrangement for filtering a hydraulic fluid having a bypass line connecting the feed channel to the discharge channel where the bypass line is opened by a pressure switching valve when a pressure change is caused by the contamination of the filter element.