Abstract: Distributed applications in a portable thread environment are disclosed. In one embodiment, a method comprises receiving a message from a first PTE at a second PTE, wherein the message contains a destination address; determining if the message is intended for the second PTE using the PTE destination address; routing the message to a third PTE if the message is not intended for the second PTE; and executing threads associated with the message in the second PTE if the message is intended for the second PTE.

Abstract: A ground shield for an integrated component device to prevent coupling between integrated capacitors and/or inductors and other integrated components. Components are formed upon a substrate. A conductive metal layer is formed or deposited thereon. The conductive metal layer is electrically connected to ground and an isolation layer is formed or deposited upon the conductive metal layer. An integrated capacitor, for example a MIM-type capacitor, is then formed upon the isolation layer. The grounded conductive metal layer absorbs electrical noise such that coupling between the capacitor and other components is prevented.

Abstract: A double F antenna is disclosed. In one embodiment, an antenna, comprises a conductive member having a center between a first end and a second end of the member; a first port connected perpendicularly to the conductive member between the center and the first end; a second port connected perpendicularly to the conductive member between the center and the second end; and a ground port connected perpendicularly to the conductive member, wherein the ground port is connected to the center.

Abstract: Tuning of a filter circuit is accomplished by determining a real RC time constant value for the filter circuit, then comparing the real RC vale to a predetermined RC value. If the real RC value does not match the predetermined RC value, the real RC value is varied (e.g.

Abstract: An antenna assembly and methods of use are disclosed. In one embodiment, the antenna assembly is formed on a substrate and includes a first metal region and a second metal region attached to a surface of the substrate. The second metal region may be separated from the first metal region by a gap. The second metal region may include a first pronged end and a second end that correspond, respectively, to a first pronged end and a second end of the first metal region. The pronged ends of each metal region are connected to the differential inputs and outputs of a transceiver coupled with the antenna assembly.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a device and method for measuring force, primarily due to fatigue. In one embodiment, a finger fatigue measuring system is provided which measures the force output from fingers while the fingers are repetitively generating forces as they strike a keyboard. Force profiles of the fingers are generated from the measurements and evaluated for fatigue. The system can be used clinically to evaluate patients, to ascertain the effectiveness of clinical intervention, pre-employment screening, to assist in minimizing the incidence of repetitive stress injuries at the keyboard, mouse, joystick, and to monitor effectiveness of various finger strengthening systems. The system can also be used in a variety of different applications adapted for measuring forces produced during performance of repetitive motions.

Abstract: Compositions and methods are described for hydrating terminal alkynes catalytically in anti-Markovnikov fashion. The compositions comprise a transition metal complex including at least one organic ligand having at least two heteroatoms, wherein the heteroatoms are directly bonded or located one atom away. Preferably, at least one of the heteroatoms is nitrogen, which is typically provided as part of a heterocyclic ring. Other preferred heteroatoms include S, P, N, As or Se. A particularly preferred catalyst employs a P-linked imidazole ligand bound to Ru. Such complexes have a controlled adaptable proton transfer ability and/or a hydrogen bonding ability making them particularly useful as chemical reaction facilitators.

Abstract: The invention provides for a detector assembly, fiber assembly and screening system for optical measurements.

Abstract: The method and system of the present invention is designed to minimize exergy consumption consistent with a given level of product purity. For example, in a distillation system, the design employs a plurality of thermostatted trays which are maintained at a sequence of temperatures specified by finding the optimal control for an irreversible thermodynamic process. The specified temperatures at each tray are achieved with the help of a tandem heat pump which works over the range of required temperatures and which delivers the specified heat demands.

Abstract: Disclosed herein are chemical methods for reducing concentrations of perchlorate ion in sources of water to be used for potable purposes. The disclosed methods include contacting water containing perchlorate ion with iron metal to chemically reduce the perchlorate ion to a more innocuous ion species. The metal can then be removed. The instant methods also relate to contacting perchlorate contaminated water with iron metal or a metal oxide in the presence of phosphoric acid to form a complex with perchlorate ion and adsorb the complex onto the iron, which is then removed from the water. These methods provide an environmentally safe and economically efficient means to effectively remove perchlorate ion from potable water sources, resulting in water that is safe for human use and consumption.

Abstract: The invention provides a compound, useful as an optical probe or sensor of the activity of at least one cytochrome P450 enzyme, and methods of using the compound to screen candidate drugs, and candidate drugs identified by these methods.

Abstract: Substances having useful pharmacological properties are identified by candidate screeners and screening methods. The substances may be incorporated into medicaments. The substances may have modulating activity with respect to pre-defined molecular targets.

Abstract: The present invention provides for systems and methods that utilize automated and integratable workstations for identifying chemicals having useful activity. The present invention is also directed to chemical entities and information (e.g., chemical or biological activities of chemicals) generated or discovered by operation of workstations of the present invention. The present invention includes automated workstations that are programmably controlled to minimize processing times at each workstation and that can be integrated to minimize the processing time of the liquid samples from the start to finish of the process.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for determination of fluoroorganic compounds in liquid, gaseous, or crystalline or amorphous solids is based on the detection of carbon-halogen bonds by laser Raman spectroscopy. The method and apparatus provide a general method for detecting and determination of halooorganic compounds. The method and apparatus are applicable in the pharmaceutical industry, in fluorinated drug research and manufacturing; in the medical and clinical studies of the effects of fluoroorganic compounds; in the environmental and agricultural studies and screening, in the analysis of water, soils and air contaminated with fluoroorganic compounds.

Abstract: Compositions and methods are described for hydrating terminal alkynes catalytically in anti-Markovnikov fashion. The compositions comprise a transition metal complex including at least one organic ligand having at least two heteroatoms, wherein the heteroatoms are directly bonded or located one atom away. Preferably, at least one of the heteroatoms is nitrogen, which is typically provided as part of a heterocyclic ring. Other preferred heteroatoms include S, P, N, As or Se. A particularly preferred catalyst employs a P-linked imidazole ligand bound to Ru. Such complexes have a controlled adaptable proton transfer ability and/or a hydrogen bonding ability making them particularly useful as chemical reaction facilitators.

Abstract: This invention relates to chemical compositions useful in protecting amino functional groups, e.g., during synthetic organic chemistry procedures or in the formulation and/or delivery of prodrugs. The present invention relates particularly to amino-protecting species comprising an acyl group that can form an amide bond with an amino group. The protecting groups of the present invention can be conveniently removed under a wide variety of conditions.

Abstract: A method for identifying endogenous microbial proliferation genes for growth and viability is disclosed herein. The method involves exogenous nucleic acids that are used to conditionally produce antisense inhibitors of endogenous complementary mRNAs in a microorganism. Antisense fragments that result in lethality when expressed indicate that the endogenous gene is a proliferation gene. The method can also be used with sequences in sense orientation. The strategy can be used to identify new gene targets for novel antibiotics.

Abstract: Compositions including at least one organic ligand including a first hetero atom and a second hetero atom directly bonded to the first hetero atom or located one carbon atom away from the first hetero atom, with at least one of the hetero atoms being nitrogen, and a transition metal moiety partially complexes by the organic ligand are provided. Such complexes have a controlled adaptable proton transfer ability and/or a hydrogen bonding ability which makes such compositions particularly useful as chemical reaction facilitators. Examples of chemical reactions facilitated by such compositions include hydrolysis reactions and carbon dioxide conversion reactions.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for determination of fluoroorganic compounds in liquid, gaseous, or crystalline or amorphous solids is based on the detection of carbon-halogen bonds by laser Raman spectroscopy. The method and apparatus provide a general method for detecting and determination of halooorganic compounds. The method and apparatus are applicable in the pharmaceutical industry, in fluorinated drug research and manufacturing; in the medical and clinical studies of the effects of fluoroorganic compounds; in the environmental and agricultural studies and screening, in the analysis of water, soils and air contaminated with fluoroorganic compounds.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a device and method for monitoring fatigue. In one embodiment, a sequential finger fatigue measuring system is provided which measures the force output from fingers while the fingers are sequentially generating forces as they strike a keyboard. Force profiles of the fingers are generated from the measurements and evaluated for fatigue. The system can be used clinically to evaluate patients, to ascertain the effectiveness of clinical intervention, pre-employment screening, to assist in minimizing the incidence of repetitive stress injuries at the keyboard, mouse, joystick, and to monitor effectiveness of various finger strengthening systems.