Abstract: An LCD apparatus has a control circuit 40 which makes a timing of the rear edges of scanning pulses provided to predetermined scanning lines coincide with the time when the display potential is renewed, wherein each of the predetermined scanning lines corresponds to an addition of a picture line to a picture or a reduction from two picture lines to one picture line on a picture in order to compensate for a difference between the number of scanning lines of the LCD and the number of lines of the picture to be displayed. In the control circuit, a circuit detects cycle times of the vertical and horizontal sync pulses, an MPU determines the reference value REF on the basis of the detected value and count CH of the horizontal sync pulse *HS from a counter, and a circuit generates a signal AE which makes the time when the pulse count CD of pixel clock CLKD from the counter becomes equal to the REF that coincides with the timing of the rear edge of scanning pulse.

Abstract: An illumination device is provided which can reduce a movement blur and a tailing phenomenon on a motion picture display while a drop in display brightness is suppressed, and which can suppress power consumption, can be made small and light, and can prolong the lifetime, and a liquid crystal display device using the same is provided. A light source control part of a control circuit synchronizes a latch pulse signal outputted from a gate driver control part to a gate driver, and outputs light emission control signals to respective light source power supply circuits. The respective light source power supply circuits change emission states of cold cathode fluorescent lamps to one of a first to a third emission states on the basis of the inputted light emission control signals, and illuminate an LCD panel from a rear surface of a display area.

Abstract: It is an object of the invention to provide a substrate for a liquid crystal display, a liquid crystal display having the same, and a method of manufacturing the same which make it possible to provide a display having high luminance and preferable display characteristics to be used in display sections of information apparatuses and the like. Each pixel is defined by gate bus lines extending in the horizontal direction and drain bus lines extending in the vertical direction. TFTs are formed in the vicinity of intersections between the bus lines, and resin overlap sections for shielding the TFTs from light are formed above the same. No black matrix is formed on a common electrode substrate which is provided in a face-to-face relationship with a TFT substrate, and the bus lines and the resin overlap sections formed on the TFT substrate function as a black matrix.

Abstract: In forward direction pulse shift, by turning off a sixteenth transistor, a through-current is prevented from flowing between the fifth transistor and the seventh transistor. In backward direction pulse shift, by turning off the fifteenth transistor, a through-current is prevented from flowing between the fifth and sixth transistors. Thus, a potential variation in an output signal of a shift register between the forward direction pulse shift and the backward direction pulse shift is prevented.

Abstract: A liquid crystal showing a nematic phase at an ordinary temperature and having a negative dielectric anisotropy is filled between a TFT substrate and an opposing substrate, on which an alignment film is not formed. For example, acrylate monomer is added previously into the liquid crystal as an alignment control agent. The alignment control agent added into the liquid crystal is adhered onto surfaces of the TFT substrate and the opposing substrate and is grown thereon. Then, when the ultraviolet ray is irradiated, the alignment control agent is polymerized and then an alignment regulate layer is formed on surfaces of the TFT substrate and the opposing substrate respectively.

Abstract: A liquid crystal display device includes a liquid crystal layer confined between first and second substrates, an electrode formed on the first substrate so as to create an electric field acting generally parallel to a plane of the liquid crystal layer, and a plurality of pixels being defined in the liquid crystal layer, wherein each of the pixels includes therein a plurality of domains having respective orientations for liquid crystal molecules, such that the orientation is different between a domain and another domain within the plane of the liquid crystal layer.

Abstract: A liquid crystal display device includes a liquid crystal cell, polarizers, a first retardation plate arranged between the liquid crystal cell and the first polarizer, and a second retardation plate arranged between the liquid crystal cell and the second polarizer. Each retardation plate has an optical axis in a plane parallel to the substrate surface and a retardation of substantially &lgr;/4. The optical axis of one retardation plate is perpendicular to the optical axis of the other. The polarizing axes of the polarizers are arranged at an angle of 45° with respect to the optical axes of the retardation plates. The liquid crystal cell is arranged such that a state of alignment of liquid crystal molecules changes, accompanying a change in a polar angle and/or change in an azimuth, upon application of a voltage.

Abstract: When a thin-film transistor (TFT) is formed on a glass substrate, electric charges caused in the TFT can be removed so as to avoid electrostatic damage in the TFT. A short-circuiting pattern that short-circuits the source region and the drain region of the TFT is added to a polysilicon pattern that constitutes the TFT. This short-circuiting pattern is removed at the same time as or after the wiring formation in the source region and the drain region.

Abstract: A storage capacitance Cs0 (=Cs+Csadd) added to a pixel capacitance is set such that a transmittance T1 at a voltage V1 of a pixel electrode becomes substantially equal to a transmittance T2 at a voltage V2 of the pixel electrode when a holding period is terminated. In the case of a normally black type liquid crystal display device, for example, when it is assumed that a white data voltage is VdW, a liquid crystal capacitance in white display is ClcW, and a liquid crystal capacitance in black display is ClcB, a capacitance value of the storage capacitance Cs0 is set such that difference between the transmittance obtained at the pixel voltage, that is changed by an amount of variation &Dgr;Vs of a pixel voltage expressed by &Dgr;Vs=VdW((ClcW−ClcB)/(ClcW+Cs0)), and the transmittance obtained at the white data voltage VdW can be reduced smaller than 13% of the transmittance obtained at the white data voltage VdW.

Abstract: On a glass substrate, gate bus lines, data bus lines, and TFTs are formed. Then, on the substrate, an insulating film, covering the gate bus lines, data bus lines and TFTs, is formed, and a positive type photoresist film is further formed thereon. Next, through exposure and development processes, the resist film is divided for each picture element and subjected to ultraviolet ray irradiation to harden only a surface layer thereof. Then, the resist film is subjected to heat treatment to form thereon wrinkle-form surface ruggedness of a uniform pattern, which is determined depending on the size of the resist film. Subsequently, reflection electrodes are formed on the resist film. The reflection electrodes are formed to overlap the gate bus line, data bus line and TFTs, and the regions between the adjacent reflection electrodes serve as light transmission regions.

Abstract: In the liquid crystal display device and the method of manufacturing the same, the pixel electrodes 32 and the projection pattern 35 are formed on the TFT substrate 30 side, and surfaces of the pixel electrodes 32 and the projection pattern 35 are covered with the vertical alignment film 36. Also, the opposing electrode 44 and the projection pattern 45 are formed on the CF substrate 40 side, and surfaces of the opposing electrode 44 and the projection pattern 45 are covered with the vertical alignment film 46. Then, the TFT substrate 30 and the CF substrate 40 are arranged such that top end portions of the projection pattern 45 on the CF substrate 40 are brought into contact with the TFT substrate 30. Then, the liquid crystal 49 having the negative dielectric anisotropy is sealed between them. Accordingly, the step of scattering the spacers can be omitted, change in the cell thickness can be prevented, and the good display quality can be achieved.

Abstract: An image projector system includes a cold light source, a projection lens, a slide retaining unit, and a liquid crystal module. The slide retaining unit is disposed between the cold light source and the projection lens, and is adapted to retain removably a projector slide between the cold light source and the projection lens when the image projector system is operated in a slide projection mode. The liquid crystal module includes a liquid crystal panel retained removably on the slide retaining unit between the cold light source and the projection lens to permit operation of the image projector system in a liquid crystal projection mode.

Abstract: Disclosed are a liquid crystal display device and a method and a circuit for driving the same. A gradation difference between the image data to be supplied to the picture elements of the same color of two pixels adjacent in a horizontal direction is detected in a gradation difference judging section, and when the gradation difference is larger than a predetermined gradation difference, it is judged in the same pattern of a size relationship detecting section and a horizontal pattern counting section whether the size relationship between the gradations of the picture elements of the same color of the two pixels repeats in the horizontal direction at least a certain number of times or not. And hence, when the size relationship repeats at least a certain number of times, it is compared with those of a plurality of lines continuously arranged in a vertical direction, and it is judged on the basis of the result of the comparisons whether a flicker occurs or not.

Abstract: A liquid crystal display device includes a display part divided into blocks, a gate driver which sequentially drives scan lines arranged in the display part one by one, and a data driver which supplies, via common signal lines, display signals to pixels connected to one of the scan lines driven by the gate driver and located in one of the blocks which are sequentially selected in accordance with a block control signal.

Abstract: An MVA liquid crystal display which is high in brightness and has preferable characteristics is provided. Further, the MVA liquid crystal display with a preferable display quality as well as a larger margin in fabrication and a higher yield is provided. A first substrate having a first electrode, a second substrate having a second electrode corresponding to a display pixel, the liquid crystal having negative dielectric anisotropy sealed between the first and the second substrates, and a structure which is provided on each of the first and the second substrate to control an alignment of the liquid crystal are provided. The structure in the first substrate has a linear protrusion structure and provides at least two auxiliary protrusion structures opposing to each end portion facing to the second electrode extending from a protrusion structure provided and the width between the two auxiliary protrusions and the opposing second electrode is more than 6 &mgr;m respectively.

Abstract: An electroluminescent device comprising: a first charge carrier injecting layer for injecting positive charge carriers; a second charge carrier injecting layer for injecting negative charge carriers; and a light-emissive layer located between the charge carrier injecting layers and comprising a mixture of: a first component for accepting positive charge carriers from the first charge carrier injecting layer; a second component for accepting negative charge carriers from the second charge carrier injecting layer; and a third, organic light-emissive component for generating light as a result of combination of charge carriers from the first and second components; at least one of the first, second and third components forming a type II semiconductor interface with another of the first, second and third components.

Abstract: Optical devices fabricated from solvent processible polymers suffer from susceptibility to solvents and morphological changes. A semiconductive polymer capable of luminescence in an optical device is provided. The polymer comprises a luminescent film-forming solvent processible polymer which contains cross-linking so as to increase its molar mass and to resist solvent dissolution, the cross-linking being such that the polymer retains semiconductive and luminescent properties.

Abstract: A vertical alignment mode liquid crystal display device having an improved viewing angle characteristic is provided. The liquid crystal display device uses a liquid crystal having a negative anisotropic dielectric constant, and orientations of the liquid crystal are vertical to substrates when no voltage is applied, almost horizontal when a predetermined voltage is applied, and oblique when an intermediate voltage is applied. At least one of the substrates includes a structure as domain regulating means, and inclined surfaces of the structure operate as a trigger to regulate azimuths of the oblique orientations of the liquid crystal when the intermediate voltage is applied.

Abstract: Polarity patterns (polarity pattern signal POL) are stored in a ROM in a polarity pattern controlling portion. Then, the polarity pattern is changed according to applications of a liquid crystal display panel. Since the polarity pattern is stored in the ROM, the polarity pattern can be changed without modification of a hardware. Also, two sets of polarity patterns or more are stored in the ROM, and then any one polarity pattern can be output according to the application. In addition, the polarity pattern signal POL and image signals RGB are compared with each other, and then the polarity pattern which is to be read from the ROM is switched according to the result.

Abstract: A defect correcting method for a liquid crystal panel is disclosed, comprising the step of, when a plurality of pixels are connected, cutting off pixel electrodes of other pixels from a signal supply line in such a way as to drive the other pixels by a TFT of a pixel having a color filter of a highest light transmittance among the plurality of pixels. Another defect correcting method for a liquid crystal panel is disclosed, the liquid crystal panel including a correcting wiring formed beforehand to connect pixels adjacent to each other, comprising the step of: when a defective pixel occurs, electrically connecting a pixel electrode of the defective pixel to that of a pixel adjacent to the defective pixel.