Abstract: An apparatus and a method for transmitting and receiving a spike event in a neuromorphic chip. A transmission apparatus of the neuromorphic chip outputs addresses sequentially and repeatedly to an address bus, and when a spike generated by a neuron is detected by the transmission apparatus, outputs a strobe at a first time when one of the addresses being output sequentially and repeatedly becomes identical to an address of the neuron that generated the spike. A receiving apparatus of the neuromorphic chip inputs an address through the address bus at a strobe detection time when the strobe is detected by the receiving apparatus.

Abstract: A system and method of high-speed microscopy using a two-photon microscope with spectral resolution. The microscope is operable to provide two- to five-dimensional fluorescence images of samples, including two or three spatial dimensions, a spectral dimension (for fluorescence emission), and a temporal dimension (on a scale of less than approximately one second). Two-dimensional (spatial) images with a complete wavelength spectrum are generated from a single scan of a sample. The microscope may include one of a multi-beam point scanning microscope, a single beam line scanning microscope, and a multi-beam line scanning microscope. The line scans may be formed using one or more of curved mirrors and lenses. The multiple beams may be formed using one of a grating, an array of lenses, and a beam splitter.

Abstract: Methods of fabricating patterned substrates, including patterned graphene substrates, using etch masks formed from self-assembled block copolymer films are provided. Some embodiments of the methods are based on block copolymer (BCP) lithography in combination with graphoepitaxy. Some embodiments of the methods are based on BCP lithography techniques that utilize hybrid organic/inorganic etch masks derived from BCP templates. Also provided are field effect transistors incorporating graphene nanoribbon arrays as the conducting channel and methods for fabricating such transistors.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to a capacitive element sensor and to a method for manufacturing same. More particularly, the present disclosure relates to a change in total capacitance brought about by the electrical charge of biomolecules attached to an electrode and to a sensor for measuring the change.

Abstract: The invention is a hollow electrode implantation device for inserting a flexible electrode, such as a Memberg electrode, in living tissue. The inserter has a longitudinal slot that accepts the electrode into the hollow center of the electrode implantation device. The slot is offset at least once forming one or more offset slots, where retainer tabs define the slots and assure retention of the electrode in the implantation device during insertion of the electrode into living tissue.

Abstract: A method of treating waste liquors which comprise organic compounds, in order to recover chemical compounds or to recycle chemicals. In the present method, the sodium-based waste liquor, which comprises organic compounds that are sourced from lignocellulose, is subjected to partial wet oxidation, in order to produce organic sodium salts, in which case the partial wet oxidation is carried out in conditions where at least part of the lignin is simultaneously precipitated. The precipitated filtrate or lignin is subjected to further processing. Most suitably, the organic sodium salts, such as Na acetate, which are generated in the partial oxidation of the waste liquor, are also subjected to further processing, in which case it is possible, from the lignin and the organic sodium salts, to efficiently produce compounds which as such are already of sufficient quality as chemicals, or which as gases are suitable for further processing, for instance for production of fuels.

Abstract: A virtual network virtual machine may be implemented on a cloud computing facility to control communication among virtual machines executing applications and virtual machines executing middlebox functions. This virtual network virtual machine may provide for automatic scaling of middleboxes according to a heuristic algorithm that monitors the effectiveness of each middlebox on the network performance as application virtual machines are scaled. The virtual machine virtual network may also locate virtual machines in actual hardware to further optimize performance.

Abstract: The invention provides a recombinant biologically contained influenza virus that is a PB2 knockout virus, e.g., one that is useful to generate a multivalent vaccine, and methods of making and using that virus.

Abstract: Nanoelectromechanical logic devices can include a plurality of flexible bridges having control and logic electrodes. Voltages applied to control electrodes can be used to control flexing of the bridges. The logic electrodes can provide logical functions of the applied voltages.

Abstract: In some embodiments, coupled multi-core fiber is used for optical transmission. The coupled multi-core fiber includes multiple cores each supporting a spatial mode. The cores are positioned close enough to cause coupling between their modes that generates supermodes, that are used to transmit data.

Abstract: This document provides methods and materials related to natriuretic polypeptides and the use of natriuretic polypeptides to treat cardiovascular and/or renal conditions. For example, chimeric polypeptides having at least one amino acid segment (e.g., N-terminus tail, ring structure, C-terminus tail, or a combination thereof) of a natriuretic peptide (e.g., ANP, BNP, CNP, URO, or DNP) and an amino acid segment of an angiotensin polypeptide (e.g., Ang-(1-7)) are provided.

Abstract: Methods, systems and computer program products are provided for reducing a risk of pulseless electrical activity (PEA) include detecting a first post-defibrillation blood flow of a subject and detecting a second post-defibrillation blood flow of the subject after the first post-defibrillation blood flow. If the first post-defibrillation blood flow of the subject is above a first threshold value and the second post-defibrillation blood flow is below a second threshold value, a plurality of electrical pulses that reduces a risk of PEA is delivered.

Abstract: Described is a device comprising a substrate, and a quorum sensor array on the substrate. The quorum sensor array comprises quorum sensors that release signal molecules in response to one or more environmental signals being sense by the quorum sensors to thereby amplify the one or more environmental signals by causing a signal chain reaction in neighboring quorum sensors of the quorum sensor array. Each of the quorum sensors comprises a lipid multilayer structure. Also described is a method comprising providing data for changes in optical properties of at least part of the quorum sensor array in response to exposing the quorum sensor array to one or more environmental signals, and determining the presence of the one or more environmental signals based on the data.

Abstract: Methods of enabling locomotor control, postural control, voluntary control of body movements (e.g., in non-weight bearing conditions), and/or autonomic functions in a human subject having spinal cord injury, brain injury, or neurological neuromotor disease. In certain embodiments, the methods involve stimulating the spinal cord of the subject using an epidurally placed electrode array, subjecting the subject to physical training thereby generating proprioceptive and/or supraspinal signals, and optionally administering pharmacological agents to the subject. The combination of stimulation, physical training, and optional pharmacological agents modulate in real time electrophysiological properties of spinal circuits in the subject so they are activated by supraspinal information and/or proprioceptive information derived from the region of the subject where locomotor activity is to be facilitated.

Abstract: Provided are a newly identified colon cancer marker and a diagnostic kit using the same. More particularly, the present invention relates to an identified colon cancer specific marker, a composition and a kit including agents determining presence of the marker, and a method of diagnosing colon cancer using the same. The diagnostic marker according to the present invention capable of detecting metastasis and prognosis of colon cancer may provide useful information for the treatment and management of colon cancer and be used for the development of colon cancer-specific anticancer agents.

Abstract: Embodiments of the present disclosure provide for enzyme sensors, protease sensors, methods for producing and using the enzyme and protease sensors, methods of detecting and/or measuring protease activity, methods for characterizing protease cellular activity, fusion proteins, polynucleotides, and vectors corresponding to the enzyme and protease sensors, kits, and the like.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method for preparing 3,6-anhydro-L-galactose, and use thereof. More specifically, 3,6-anhydro-L-galactose, which is a monosaccharide constituting agar, is produced in a high yield through chemical and enzymatic methods, and the physiological activities thereof such as whitening, moisturizing, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory activities and the like are displayed, thereby enabling industrial use thereof.

Abstract: A resistive memory device includes a stack of two layers of variable resistance material and top, middle, and bottom electrodes, the stack symmetrical in composition about the middle electrode.

Abstract: A method of reforming a heavy hydrocarbon distillate, which includes treating a heavy hydrocarbon distillate and a lignocellulosic biomass with a solvent, is provided. The method can be useful in maximizing conversion of the heavy hydrocarbon distillate into higher value-added distillate, for example, naphtha and a middle distillate, and allowing a sulfur compound produced by the decomposition of a heavy hydrocarbon distillate to catalyze pretreatment of the lignocellulosic biomass. Also, oxygen, hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF), levulinic acid, formic acid, and sulfuric acid produced by decomposition of the lignocellulosic biomass can catalyze decomposition of a heavy hydrocarbon distillate and lignocellulosic biomass, thereby activating decomposition of a heavy hydrocarbon distillate.