Abstract: A method of accessing a nonvolatile memory device which includes a memory block where semiconductor layers including word lines are stacked includes receiving a write request for the memory block, determining whether the write request corresponds to one or more leading word lines, programming, in response to the write request determined as corresponding to the leading word lines, memory cells connected thereto in a first program mode, and programming, when the write request is determined as corresponding to a following word line different from the leading word lines, memory cells connected to the following word line in a second program mode. The second program mode is performed with a second program parameter including at least one of a number of program pulses, a number of program verify pulses, a program start voltage, and a program end voltage that is different from a corresponding first parameter of the first program mode.

Abstract: This document relates to methods and materials involved in assessing and/or treating a mammal having a functional gastrointestinal disorder (FGID) such as irritable bowel syndrome (IBS). For example, methods and materials provided herein can be used for determining if a mammal having a FGID is likely to respond to a particular FGID treatment. This document also provides methods and materials for treating a mammal having a FGID.

Abstract: A system and method to operate applications through positional virtualization technology. The system comprises a server including at least one processor and memory storing a persistent virtual world system comprising a data structure in which at least one virtual replica of at least one corresponding real object is represented, and at least one application run and hosted on at least one virtual machine virtually positioned in a location of the persistent virtual world system. Provisioning of the virtual machines is managed by a virtual machine management system stored in the memory of the server. One or more user devices connected to the servers via a network are configured to access and execute the applications hosted on the virtual machines of the at least one server and to receive resources thereof based on application requirements.

Abstract: A system for authenticating messages transmitted on a bus based on physical location of transmitting units, comprising a reflector adapted to inject a plurality of reflection signals at a first point of a line topology bus, each in response to each of a plurality of messages transmitted by a plurality of bus connected units and a probe adapted to intercept the messages and the reflection signals at a second point of the bus. The probe calculates propagation timing between a reception time of the message and a reception time of an associated reflection signal transmitted in response to the message and determines validity of the message according to a match between the calculated propagation timing and a predefined propagation timings associated with the bus connected units. Wherein the bus connected units are statically connected to the bus between the first point and the second point.

Abstract: A computer method for correlating depictions of colonies of microorganisms includes receiving an image of a substrate associated with a first time and showing a colony of microorganisms. A second image of the same substrate and associated with a second time shows a candidate colony of microorganisms. A region of the second image that shows the candidate colony of microorganisms is located. The first region of the first image is compared to the second region of the second image. Based on the comparison of the images, the candidate colony of microorganism is determined to be the same colony as the first colony of microorganisms. Systems for moving substrates having colonies of microorganisms and maintaining orientation of the substrates before and after movement are also described.

Abstract: A system and method enabling per-user-optimized computing, rendering, and provisioning within virtual worlds. The system comprises a server including memory and at least one processor, the memory storing a persistent virtual world system comprising a data structure in which at least one virtual replica of at least one corresponding real object is represented, and a computing optimization platform configured to store and provide rules for optimizing the computing, rendering and data provisioning to users via user devices. A plurality of connected devices connected to the server via a network provide multi-source data, user input, or combinations thereof, to the persistent virtual world system, updating the virtual replicas. The server retrieves user location, viewing position and orientation from the one or more user devices to determine a user interaction radius, thereby optimizing via the computing optimization platform the relevant computing, rendering and provisioning for the one or more user devices.

Abstract: Disclosed are an optical fiber probe and a method for manufacturing an optical fiber probe which can reduce astigmatism. The disclosed optical fiber probe comprises: an optical fiber configured to receive light inputted from a light source; a reflection part configured to reflect the inputted light in the direction of a cylindrical surface; and a transparent window comprising an incidence surface and an output surface, the incidence surface coupled to the cylindrical surface of the reflection part, the output surface comprising a curvature thereof different from a curvature of the cylindrical surface.

Abstract: A system and method for attaching digital reality applications and interactions to static objects are disclosed. The system comprises a server configured to store and process input data, the server comprising a memory and a processor; and a plurality of client devices connected to the server via a network configured enable interaction with digital reality applications. The memory contains a database with structured data containing a persistent virtual world system storing virtual replicas of static objects. The virtual replicas are configured based on the static objects, comprising location and space, physics, and 3D structure. The system enables application developers to attach digital reality applications on the virtual replicas. When users employing client devices approach a digital reality application, the digital reality application detects the physical position and orientation of the client device, triggering the server to share digital reality application content with the client devices.

Abstract: A system and method for increasing user control of data comprising a first user device configured to create data; a user application configured to virtualize and fragment data created by the first user device; a data collector server configured to store, protect, and composite data fragments; a private user storage area configured to store and protect data fragments; and a second user device connected configured to request data uploaded by the first user device. The first user device creates data that gets sent the user application, which virtualizes, fragments and sends a majority of the data to the data collector servers and a minority of the data to the private user storage area. As a user via the second user device requests the data uploaded by the first user device, the data collector server composites the data fragments and transfers the composited data to the second user device.

Abstract: A CAM device includes a cell array including a plurality of CAM cells, a search line driving circuit connected to the cell array through a plurality of search lines, and a match line sensing circuit connected to the cell array through a plurality of match lines. Each of the CAM cells includes a first half CAM cell connected to a first match line and a second half CAM cell connected to a second match line different from the first match line. The first match line connected to the first half CAM cell is precharged in a first phase, and the second match line connected to the second half CAM cell is precharged in a second phase after the first phase. Thus, power consumption of the CAM device is reduced and delay is minimized.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to novel radiation-triggered controlled release drug compositions, and methods to make and use the radiation-triggered controlled release drug compositions. The radiation-triggered controlled drug release nanoparticle formulations may be used to achieve maximum bioavailability and minimum adverse effects of the chemo drugs in chemo radio combination therapy treatment of locally advanced solid tumors.

Abstract: A collagen-fibronectin-based method enables the production of tumors of centimeter size with recognizable pathological traits. The method supports reproducing tumor heterogeneity with preinvasive and invasive phenotypes and stacking of tumor portions using a paper-scaffold with 80 ?m-punched holes for larger nodule creation and easy separation of tumor portions for analysis. Macrotumors are convenient for testing drug delivery and therapeutic tools that necessitate a minimum tumor size relevant to in vivo.

Abstract: The present invention provides a conducting material comprising a carbon-based material selected from a diamond or an insulating diamond-like carbon, having a hydrogen-terminated surface and a layer of tungsten trioxide, rhenium trioxide, or chromium oxide coating said hydrogen-terminated surface. Such conducting materials are useful in the fabrication of electronic components, electrodes, sensors, diodes, field effect transistors, and field emission electron sources.

Abstract: A system and method enabling location-based activation of applications.

Abstract: A merged reality system comprises servers in a cloud to edge infrastructure configured to store and process data and models of virtual replicas of real world elements that provide self-computing capabilities and autonomous behavior to the virtual replicas. The data and models are input through a plurality of software platforms, software engines, and sensors connected to things and user devices. The server is further configured to merge the real and virtual data and models in order to augment the real data with the virtual data. A method thereof comprises mapping the real world into a virtual world, generating virtual replicas of the real world; adding models and data of the virtual replicas; connecting the virtual replicas to corresponding real elements in order to enrich and synchronize the virtual replicas with the real-world elements; merging the real and virtual data; and augmenting the real data with the virtual data.

Abstract: A memory cell is disclosed which includes a conductive layer, an insulating layer disposed atop the conducting layer, a semiconductor layer disposed atop the insulating layer, a first electrode coupled to the semiconductor layer, a second electrode coupled to the semiconductor layer, wherein the first and second electrodes are separated from one another and wherein the semiconductor layer extends beyond the first and second electrodes forming a first wing, a third electrode coupled to the conductive layer, a first magnetic tunnel junction (MTJ) disposed on the first wing, and a first read electrode coupled to the first MTJ.

Abstract: Membranes, methods of making the membranes, and methods of using the membranes are described herein. The membranes can comprise a support layer, and a selective polymer layer disposed on the support layer. In some cases, the support layer can comprise a gas permeable polymer and hydrophilic additive dispersed within the gas permeable polymer. In some cases, the selective polymer layer can comprise a selective polymer matrix and carbon nanotubes dispersed within the selective polymer matrix. The membranes can exhibit selective permeability to gases. As such, the membranes can be for the selective removal of carbon dioxide and/or hydrogen sulfide from hydrogen and/or nitrogen.

Abstract: The present invention generally relates to a method for preparing structurally unique nanomaterials and the products thereof. In particular, the present invention discloses a method for preparing an array of ultra-narrow nanowire or nanorod on a patterned monolayer supported by a 2D material substrate in a controlled environment, wherein said pattered monolayer comprises a polymerizable amphiphiles such as phospholipid with a terminal amine and wherein said controlled environment comprises a major nonpolar solvent, a trace amount of polar solvent, and a unsaturated aliphatic amine. Gold nanowires (AuNWs) so prepared have a highly controlled diameter of about 2 nm, a length up to about 1000 nm, and an AuNW ordering over an area >100 ?m2.

Abstract: An accurate and flexible merged reality system and method configured to enable remotely viewing and participating in real or virtual events. In the merged reality system, at least one portion of the real or a virtual world may be respectively replicated or streamed into corresponding sub-universes comprised within the virtual world system, wherein some of the sub-universes comprise events that guests may view and interact with from one or more associated guest physical locations. Other virtual elements, such as purely virtual objects or graphical representations of applications and games, can also be included in the virtual world system. The virtual objects comprise logic, virtual data and models that provide self-computing capabilities and autonomous behavior. The system enables guests to virtually visit, interact and make transactions within the event through the virtual world system.

Abstract: Disclosed is an apparatus and method for controlling maximum power point tracking (MPPT) of a photovoltaic system using active power control. The apparatus includes a photovoltaic panel, a photovoltaic inverter unit which converts direct current (DC) power received from the photovoltaic panel into alternating current (AC) power and outputs the AC power used as commercial power, and an active power-based inverter control unit which determines a reference value (Pmpp) for output power (Pinv) of a photovoltaic inverter using a curve (Pmpp) connecting maximum power points according to a change in solar irradiance in a P-V curve showing a relationship between photovoltaic output power and a terminal voltage and measures a terminal voltage (Vpv) of the photovoltaic panel to allow the photovoltaic inverter to perform an operation according to MPPT control for tracking a value of the terminal voltage changed according to the solar irradiance.