Abstract: A temperature remote-measurement system features a central evaluation unit 10 for all measuring points connected to two conductors 12, 14, forming a main data bus. In the embodiment shown, three addressable bus switches 18-1, 18-2, and 18-3 are connected to the data bus. To each bus switch 18 are connected respective conductors 26, 28. These together form an auxiliary bus, which is either connected to, or disconnected from, the main data bus formed by conductors 12, 14, depending upon the position of breaker 20. To the auxiliary buses formed by conductors 26, 28 are connected sensing units 32-38, which can modulate (as measurement pulses) the current carried by the conductors 26, 28 and which respond to specific voltage pulses (control pulses) generated by the control unit 10 and carried over these conductors.

Abstract: To protect the quartz of a quartz glass bulb (2) from attack by alkaline earth oxides emitted from electrodes (6) of the lamp, and prevent deterioration of the quartz in use of the lamp with respect to transmission of ultraviolet (UV) radiation, particularly in the short wave length range of 200 nm to 250 nm, boron silicate glass or glass-like aluminum oxide, or a mixture of boron silicate glass and glass-like aluminum oxide is interposed between the quartz bulb (2) and the electrodes. Boron oxide can be applied to the interior of the quartz bulb, and fired thereon to form, for example, a boron silicate glass layer (4) or diffuse into the quartz glass to form a diffusion layer (4') by suitable selection of firing temperatures. Alternatively, an aperture support element (35, 45) can retain a disk of boron silicate glass or glass-like aluminum oxide positioned between the electrodes and the quartz glass bulb.

Abstract: To provide for automatic adjustment of the light field of an operating room light in accordance with manual positioning of the light, an electrical servo control loop positions the respective lamps and/or deflection mirrors of circularly placed light sources (2) in the housing (1) to iluminate a given field in a given plane. The distance of the lamp from the given field is determined by an ultrasonic distance sensor (5; 5a, 5b, 5c) to provide one input to the servo loop, for comparison of the positioning of the light source to illuminate said field. If the distance of the illuminated field increases, the angular position of the light sources is automatically adjusted to provide the field at the increased distance. If the distance decreases, however, no adjustment is carried out unless an operator touches an operating handle. This is transformed into a manual readjustment signal which releases the servo system to then readjust the position of the light sources.

Abstract: To simplify separation of infrared (IR) radiation from visible and ultraviolet (UV) radiation emitted from a xenon lamp (2), the lamp is surrounded by a cylindrical filter (1) reflecting IR radiation inwardly of the filter but passing UV and visible spectral radiation therethrough. IR radiation reflected inwardly of the filter is absorbed, in accordance with the invention, by an absorbing surface (5) extending axially longitudinally and diametrically across the cylindrical filter, with the cylinder axis (4) of the filter. An auxiliary surface (9) can be positioned between the radiation source and the adjacent nearer side wall of the filter. Reflected IR radiation (8) can thus be absorbed by the IR absorbing surface, with essentially only UV and visible light radiation passing through the cylindrical filter.

Abstract: A method for forming in a single step metal slugs of tantalum, niobium or a base alloy of one of these metals, by cold pressing. A lubricant film is either an oxide coating on the metal, into which a polytetrafluorethylene of low molecular weight is embedded, or it is a film of chlorotrifluorethylene. A metal slug is shaped by means of a hard-metal punch with a crowned bottom surface on its punch head and a rounded undercut in the area of the transition from the punch head to the punch shank.

Abstract: An electronic thermometer has an oscillator, the frequency determining element of which is a temperature sensitive piezoelectric element (2), used as a measuring sensor, which is located inside a sealed housing (3). The piezoelectric element is provided with two termial electrodes (4, 5) which are galvanically separated from the oscillator circuit bia an inductively coupled pair of coils (6, 7); the coil (6) connected to the terminal electrodes is tightly encompassed by the housing. An evaluation unit (10) for detecting the temperature is connected to the oscillator circuit.

Abstract: A laser device includes a multipass resonator which has, in the beam path between two resonator end mirrors, at least two opposite beam folding mirrors with confronting mirror surfaces. At least one of the beam folding mirrors is limited in its width and at least one has a beam discharge area. To produce a low-order laser mode, preferably a 00 mode, the mirror surface of at least one beam folding mirror has its reflectivity dimishished in the region outside of the desired modes of radiation.

Abstract: Process and apparatus for coating a tool with a layer of a compound which contains at least one of carbon and nitrogen and at least one of titanium, zirconium, chromium, tungsten, tantalum, vanadium, niobium, hafnium and molybdenum. The apparatus includes a vacuum chamber and a substrate holder for accommodating at least one tool with the substrate holder at a bias of between -40 and -200 V relative to ground. The apparatus includes at least two magnetron sputtering cathodes disposed in mirror symmetry to the substrate holder. The target contains at least one metal selected from the group consisting of T, Zr, Cr, W, Ta, V, Nb, Hf and Mo. The apparatus includes at least one gas source for supplying the vacuum chamber with a noble gas and a reaction gas. The reaction gas contains at least one of nitrogen and a gaseous carbon compound. The apparatus includes at least one anode in the edge region of each target so that the anodes are positioned in mirror symmetry with respect to the target holder.

Abstract: An electronic thermometer has an oscillator, the frequency determining element of which is a temperature sensitive piezoelectric element, used as a measuring sensor, which is located in a sealed housing of electrically insulating material. The piezoelectric element is provided with two terminal electrodes, which are each connected via a respective capacitor to the oscillator circuit, and each of the two capacitors has electrodes, one located inside and one located outside the housing.

Abstract: Temperature measurement is effectively carried out by converting pulses derived from a pulse generator, in which the pulse gaps change as a result of a measured condition, for example temperature, by converting electrical pulses received from the pulse generator into light pulses, and then evaluating the light pulses with respect to a clock rate in a counter (22). The light pulses can readily be transmitted via a light pickup (9b) and fiber optic or the like (9a) to a remote evaluation unit. Preferably, the light is generated by a light emitting diode or a laser diode (8'), serially connected with a switching transistor (13') and energized upon receipt of a pulse from the pulse generator. The arrangement permits use of a piezoelectric element (2) such as a frequency determining quartz to control the frequency of an oscillator, the frequency of which is then converted into the pulses with the respective pulse gaps.

Abstract: A method is described for the production of a ductile tantalum stock material for high-speed deformation use. A bar-shaped body is made from directly reduced tantalum powder of a given purity and is remelted repeatedly as a consumable electrode in an electron beam furnace. The obtained ingot is shaped into a slab which, after being machined to a smooth surface, is further worked to produce the stock material. At least one heat treatment under vacuum is included in the process of making the stock material.

Abstract: The invention concerns apparatus for detecting the position of incidence (2) of a beam (1) of charge carriers on a target (3) wherein X-rays (4) starting from the position of incidence (2) are detected by detector (7) connected to an analyzing circuit (9) An imaging system (5, 50; 10, 11, 12) is provided which can cover all the positions (P.sub.1 . . . P.sub.8) that the positions of incidence (2) can take up and projects them on the sensing surface of a position-sensitive detector (7), wherein the projected coordinates (x', y') are directly proportional to the coordinates (x, y) of the position of incidence (2). In addition, a filter (6) highly transparent to the X-ray radiation range emitted from the position of incidence (2) is arranged between the target surface (3) and the position-sensitive sensor (7). The position-sensitive detector (7) emits electric signals which depend from the coordinates (x, y) of the position of incidence (FIG. 1).

Abstract: An apparatus for melting metals in a vacuum chamber has a weir box (1), electron beam generators disposed above the weir box, and a crucible for the withdrawal of the melt flowing out of the weir box. A weir or sill is disposed in the trough athwart the length thereof, and it divides the trough into two basins and is situated underneath the one electron-beam source. The melt flowing from the one basin into the other runs in a thin film over the top of the weir or notch while the titanium nitrite in the melt is dissolved.

Abstract: An apparatus and process thereof is disclosed of a partially reflecting optical element having a succession of dielectric layers of high and low refraction alternated on a substrate which is transparent to the longer wavelength of infrared radiation. The succession of layers is an anti-reflection layer for wavelengths of infrared radiation .lambda..sub.L and is a relfective layer for visible wavelengths .lambda..sub.K.

Abstract: To permit high-speed punching of complex shapes in extremely thin metal strips or ribbons, particularly for miniaturized semiconductor terminal elements, while using standardizing modular punch press components sush as a die, a stripper element and a punch carrier, with minimum longitudinal extent to suppress oscillations of the ribbon as it is being transported, at high punching frequencies, the stripper plate (2) is securely connected to a plurality of guide posts (6). Springs (18, 16) are provided which maintain the posts and the stripper plate in a base position, and lift the stripper plate above a die plate (1). These springs retain the posts, are circumferential spring rings (16) engaging a groove (17) in the posts and fitted in the die plate, or ball-and-detent arrangements (FIG.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for measuring the diameter of a monocrystal during crucible drawing determines the brightness profile at the melt/monocrystal change-over point. The spacial position of maxima in the brightness profile in relation to a reference point indicates the diameter. The brightness profile is obtained by optically scanning the melt/monocrystal change-over point with a mirror rotating about a horizontal axis, applying the optical beam reflected by the rotating mirror to a row of photosensitive elements in parallel with the axis, and analyzing the outputs corresponding to the brightness profile for determining the diameter.

Abstract: A photometer in which a measuring phase, a reference phase and a dark phase are produced by means of a chopper. These phases are staggered in time, so that a single detector can be provided for all phases. In the photometer the object to be measured is situated between two light conductors, the one light conductor leading to the detector and the other light conductor leading to the chopper input. The chopper output is carried by an additional light conductor to the detector.

Abstract: In an aqueous bath for electroless deposition of gold films, of the type containing a source of gold in oxidized form, a reducing agent, a stabilizer of 2-mercaptobenzothiazole or a derivative thereof, the improvement comprising said source of gold being a gold complex which is the reaction product of an alkali metal cyanoaurate (III) and a complexing agent selected from the group consisting of ethylenediaminetetramethylene-phosphonic acid and 1-hydroxythane-1,1-diphosphonic acid in aqueous solution; said aqueous bath having a pH value between 0.2 and 1.8.

Abstract: Process for the production of contact strips on substrates, especially on plates of mineral glass. These substrates are provided with an electrically conductive surface coating which is coated on the side facing away from the substrate with at least one surface layer of a dielectric material. For the production of the contact strips, a noble metal suspension in a liquid is deposited according to the invention on the surface layer in the pattern of the contact strips. Then the substrate with the pack of layers is exposed to a heat treatment at at least 100.degree. C. until a lowered total resistance occurs through the conductive surface coating between the contact strips.

Abstract: A method and apparatus is disclosed for the reactive deposition of vapors of metal compounds onto substrates by the evaporation of at least one metal by means of an electron beam in an atmosphere consisting of the reaction gas, at pressures of no more than 10.sup.-1 mbar. An electrode positively biased with respect to ground and having an acceleration voltage of at least 20 kV is disposed in the area of the vapor stream flowing to the substrate. The metal vapor is produced in an internal chamber which surrounds the evaporator and has a masked orifice opposite the substrate. The reaction gas is introduced into the internal chamber and the metal vapor and reaction gas are guided by the masked orifice toward the substrate.