Abstract: Provided is a BrushLess Direct Current (BLDC) motor system including a motor driving circuit configured to control a pulse-width-modulation (PWM) inverter in a first operation mode or a second operation mode according to a control signal, and output a switching signal according to each operation mode, the PWM inverter configured to receive the switching signal to output first three-phase voltages having a first frequency in the first operation mode, and output second three-phase voltages having a second frequency in the second operation mode, a sensorless BLDC motor configured not to operate in the first operation mode by operating based on three-phase voltages having a frequency in a different band from the first frequency, and operate in the second mode by operating based on three-phase voltages having a frequency in an identical band to the second frequency, and a parameter detecting circuit configured to calculate parameter information on the sensorless BLDC motor in the first operation mode by using sens

Abstract: An apparatus and a method for multilateral one-way communication are provided. The apparatus includes a one-way input module unit, detachably mounted to a plurality of slots formed in a rail, for receiving data from an external transmission host and for transmitting the received data to an internal network through one-way communication; a one-way output module unit, mounted detachably to the plurality of slots formed in the rail, for transferring data of interest to an internal network through one-way communication, and transmitting data of interest to an external reception host, and a two-way module unit, mounted detachably to the plurality of slots formed in the rail, for performing data communication between the transmission host and the reception host in a bidirectional mode.

Abstract: An integrated circuit (400) adapted for mobile communication is disclosed. The circuit comprises a first device layer formed of a first semiconductor material and having at least a first circuit portion (402); and a second device layer formed of a second semiconductor material different to the first semiconductor material and having at least a second circuit portion (404), wherein the first and second device layers are integrally formed, and the first circuit portion is electrically coupled to the second circuit portion to enable the mobile communication using first and second wireless communication protocols. A related mobile computing device is also disclosed.

Abstract: Codec selection and usage for calls includes identifying a call scheduled for a time in the future from an electronic calendar associated with a user and prior to the call, ordering a plurality of codecs used by an Internet Protocol (IP) phone of the user for the scheduled call. During the call and using a processor, a mean opinion score for the call is calculated and stored as part of call data for the call within a data storage device including historical call data.

Abstract: In a method of selectively applying a data encryption function, a CoAP client and a CoAP server perform a DTLS handshake process. The CoAP client generates a CoAP message when the DTLS handshake process has been completed, and then indicates that encryption does not need to be applied to the CoAP message. The CoAP client generates only the authentication value of the CoAP message via a DTLS record layer protocol. The CoAP client sets the value of the specific field of a DTLS record layer protocol header to a specific value via the DTLS record layer protocol. The CoAP client sends the CoAP message and the authentication value to the CoAP server.

Abstract: An embodiment of the present invention relates to a speech recognition system and method using incremental device-based acoustic model adaptation. The speech recognition system comprises a model selection module selecting an acoustic model of multi-model tree by verifying and categorizing a device key transmitted from a user device; a model management module generating and incrementally adapting multi-model tree by categorizing voice data based on a user device; and a speech recognition module performing speech recognition by receiving the acoustic model selected from the model selection module and transmitting data of which reliability exceeds a predetermined threshold value to the model management module.

Abstract: A manufacturing method of a graphene modulated high-k oxide and metal gate Ge-based MOS device, which comprises the following steps: 1) introducing a graphene thin film on a Ge-based substrate; 2) conducting fluorination treatment to the graphene thin film to form fluorinated graphene; 3) activating the surface of the fluorinated graphene by adopting ozone plasmas, and then forming a high-k gate dielectric on the surface of the fluorinated graphene through an atomic layer deposition technology; and 4) forming a metal electrode on the surface of the high-k gate dielectric. Since the present invention utilizes the graphene as a passivation layer to inhibit the formation of unstable oxide GeOx on the surface of the Ge-based substrate and to stop mutual diffusion between the gate dielectric and the Ge-based substrate, the interface property between Ge and the high-k gate dielectric layer is improved.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method of manufacturing lithium hydroxide and a method of manufacturing lithium carbonate using the same. The method of manufacturing lithium hydroxide includes: preparation of a lithium phosphate aqueous solution including lithium phosphate particles; addition of a phosphate anion precipitation agent to the lithium phosphate aqueous solution; and precipitating a sparingly soluble phosphate compound through a reaction of cations of the phosphate anion precipitation agent with anions of the lithium phosphate.

Abstract: A chemical sensor and a system and method for sensing a chemical species. The chemical sensor includes a plurality of nanofibers whose electrical impedance varies upon exposure to the chemical species, a substrate supporting and electrically isolating the fibers, and a set of electrodes connected to the plurality of fibers at spatially separated points to permit the electrical impedance of the plurality of fibers to be measured. The system includes the chemical sensor, an impedance measuring device coupled to the electrodes and configured to determine an electrical impedance of the plurality of fibers, and an analyzer configured to identify the chemical species based on a change in the electrical impedance. The method measures at least one change in an electrical impedance between spatially separated electrodes, and identifies the chemical species based on the measured change in the electrical impedance.

Abstract: The present invention provides an antibody-immobilized carrier that can be used in antibody screening, a method of producing the antibody-immobilized carrier, and use of the antibody-immobilized carrier. Efficient antibody screening can be carried out particularly by an antibody-immobilized carrier including two or more antibody immobilized regions onto each of which a heavy-chain low-molecular-weight antibody and a light-chain low-molecular-weight antibody are separately immobilized, the two or more antibody immobilized regions each being included in an independent manner, the heavy-chain low-molecular-weight antibody including a heavy-chain variable region, the light-chain low-molecular-weight antibody including a light-chain variable region, the heavy-chain low-molecular-weight antibody and the light-chain low-molecular-weight antibody each being derived from an antibody recognizing a different antigen.

Abstract: Provided is an image encoding/decoding apparatus and method. The image encoding apparatus may include a motion vector prediction unit to perform a prediction with respect to an arbitrary motion vector of a current block within an image, using at least one of vector information of a motion vector corresponding to an adjacent block and vector information of a previous motion vector of the current block, and a differential determination unit to determine differential information of a motion vector of the current block based on the motion vector predicted in the motion vector prediction unit and an actual motion vector of the current block.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to a downhole rotating magnetic field generator, wherein a stator assembly is formed by fixedly connecting a guiding stator, windings, and a body together, and a rotor assembly is formed by mounting a turbine rotor and a permanent magnet together. Between the stator assembly and the rotor assembly, sliding bearings are arranged and small mud passages are formed. There is no metal isolation between the rotor and the stator for cutting through the magnetic lines of force, so that the eddy current loss is relatively small. Meanwhile, with mud flowing through the passages as lubricant, overheating of the generator can be prevented and high power output can be ensured.

Abstract: A method for making a polyolefin composite separator is disclosed. Methyl methacrylate and ?-(triethoxysilyl) propyl methacrylate are polymerized to form a copolymer. The copolymer and polyvinylidene fluoride are dissolved in a first solvent to form a first solution. A polyolefin porous film is immersed in a second solvent to soak the polyolefin porous film. The first solution is applied to a surface of the second solvent soaking polyolefin porous film. The polyolefin porous film having the first solution applied thereon is immersed in a third solvent to form holes, thereby forming a gel polymer electrolyte precursor layer on the surface of the polyolefin porous film. The polyolefin porous film having the gel polymer electrolyte precursor layer formed thereon is fumigated in an atmosphere of hydrochloric acid gas. A polyolefin composite separator and a lithium ion battery are also disclosed.

Abstract: Disclosed are a method, an apparatus, and a system for adjusting a contention window size for performing channel access. In detail, the method includes: receiving a plurality of hybrid automatic repeat request acknowledgement (HARQ-ACK) responses for downlink channel(s) of the specific cell; generating a random number N (N?0) in a contention window size; and performing the downlink transmission in the specific cell after standing by for N slots while the specific cell is idle, wherein when a ratio of negative acknowledgement (NACK) among the plurality of HARQ-ACK responses is equal to or more than a reference value, the contention window size becomes larger than a previous value, and when the ratio of the NACK among the plurality of HARQ-ACK responses is less than the reference value, the contention window size is reset to a minimum value.

Abstract: The present invention relates to methods for producing polyketide synthase variants, and for altering the activity and/or substrate specificity of putative native and variant polyketide synthases. The present invention further relates to compositions comprising said polyketide synthase variants, compounds prepared using said polyketide synthase variants, and uses of said polyketide synthase variants. In one embodiment, said polyketide synthase variant is 2-pyrone synthase.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method for preparing an ultrahigh-purity silicon carbide powder, more particularly to a method for preparing an ultrahigh-purity silicon carbide granular powder by preparing a gel wherein a silicon compound and a carbon compound are uniformly dispersed via a sol-gel process using a liquid state silicon compound and a solid or liquid state carbon compound of varying purities as raw materials, preparing a silicon dioxide-carbon (SiO2—C) composite by pyrolyzing the prepared gel, preparing a silicon carbide-silicon dioxide-carbon (SiC—SiO2—C) composite powder via two-step carbothermal reduction of the prepared silicon dioxide-carbon composite, adding a silicon metal and then conducting carbonization and carbothermal reduction at the same time by heat treating, thereby growing the synthesized silicon carbide particle with an increased yield of the silicon carbide.

Abstract: Provided is a cooling device including opening/closing holes disposed in one side thereof and a cavity. Each of the opening/closing holes is actively opened and closed according to a temperature of an external heat source, and the cavity is connected to the outside of the cooling device through the opening/closing holes.

Abstract: The present invention relates to techniques for determining unknown concentration of constituents of any known mixture. The said techniques comprising: obtaining a plurality of chromatograms relating to known concentration of known mixtures and at least one chromatogram relating to unknown concentration of the known mixture; converting each of the chromatograms into signal vectors; condensing the dimensions of each of the signal vectors for obtaining low dimensional signal vectors; processing the low dimensional signal vectors representing the chromatograms relating to known concentrations to obtain output values; and processing the at least one low dimensional signal vector representing the chromatogram relating to unknown concentration by utilizing the obtained output values for determining the unknown concentration of each of the constitutes of the known mixture.

Abstract: A method for bonding stainless steel members includes: contacting a first stainless steel member with a second stainless steel member that has a strain exceeding 50% reduction; and heating the first and second stainless steel members to a re-crystallization initiation temperature or higher, after the contacting.

Abstract: Provided is an electronic device. The electronic device includes a first semiconductor layer and a second semiconductor layer sequentially stacked on a substrate and a source electrode, a gate electrode, and a drain electrode arranged on the second semiconductor layer. The electronic device further includes a field plate which is electrically connected to the source electrode and extends towards the drain electrode, wherein the field plate becomes farther away from the substrate as the field plate becomes closer to the drain electrode.