Abstract: Provided is an error correcting method that can provide improved error correction efficiency in a multimedia broadcast/multicast service (MBMS) by marking the presence of an error in a Protocol Data Unit (PDU) with an error instead of discarding the erroneous PDU in an MBMS terminal of the MBMS system, which performs error correction in an application layer, and transmitting the erroneous PDU together with a PDU without an error to the application layer, and an error correction apparatus employing the method. The MBMS terminal includes: a radio link control (RLC) protocol processor configured to receive PDUs generated from the reception data, generate service data units (SDUs) by combining the PDUs, mark whether there is an SDU recovered from a PDU with an error, and output the SDUs; and a packet data convergence protocol (PDCP) processing means configured to receive and deliver the SDUs.

Abstract: Various embodiments of the present invention provide a method and an interaction system. A first set of information related to a user is received from a personal communication device with or without an embedded secure element, or from an independent secure element at a service outlet. The personal communication device and the secure element are associated with the user. Further, a trust is established between the service outlet and the secure element by a process of mutual authentication. If a personal communication device is used, a communication channel is established between the personal communication device and the service outlet. Thereafter, the user is provided access to multiple services offered by the service provider over the communication channel through the personal communication device. If a personal communication device is not used, the services are provided through the access point of the service outlet.

Abstract: A display module is provided, which includes a first and a second substrates, a transparent type solar cell, a display device, an electric power storage device, a driving circuit and a power supply transfer switch. In the display module, the first substrate, the transparent type solar cell, the display device and the second substrate are successively arranged according to an incident direction of a light source. The transparent type solar cell has a visible light transmittance of 10%-40% and a color temperature (Tc) larger than 2400K. The electric power storage device is connected to the transparent type solar cell for storing electric power there from, and the driving circuit is connected to the display device for driving the same. The power supply transfer switch is used for transferring the electric power into the electric power storage device or the driving circuit.

Abstract: Embodiments of the present invention include an electron counter with a charge-coupled device (CCD) register configured to transfer electrons to a Geiger-mode avalanche diode (GM-AD) array operably coupled to the output of the CCD register. At high charge levels, a nondestructive amplifier senses the charge at the CCD register output to provide an analog indication of the charge. At low charge levels, noiseless charge splitters or meters divide the charge into single-electron packets, each of which is detected by a GM-AD that provides a digital output indicating whether an electron is present. Example electron counters are particularly well suited for counting photoelectrons generated by large-format, high-speed imaging arrays because they operate with high dynamic range and high sensitivity. As a result, they can be used to image scenes over a wide range of light levels.

Abstract: A coordinate locating apparatus for locating at least one touch point on a plane and the method thereof are provided.

Abstract: A process for production of fermentable sugars from biomass using multi-enzyme multi-step system is provided herein. The process disclosed in the present invention provides high yielded sugars in less time period. The multi-enzyme system disclosed in the present invention converts celluloses, hemicelluloses and/or mixture thereof to fermentable sugar with higher efficiency and better economics than the process known in the prior art. Cellulose and hemicelluloses fractions derived from natural sources such as any lignocellulosic biomass are saccharified in a shortened time with higher conversion rates of intermediates with modified enzymatic compositions/groups of the Multi-enzyme system to enhance the rate thus providing an economical cellulose and hemicellulose saccharification process.

Abstract: A regenerative electric power storage system installed onboard a DC electric rail car comprises: a filter unit which removes high frequency components from the DC power supplied through the catenary of a pantograph; a storage unit for storing power; a bidirectional DC/DC converter which is electrically connected between the filter unit and the storage unit; a DC/DC filter unit to remove high frequency noise; a voltage detection unit and a control unit which controls the switching of the bidirectional DC/DC converter. Instability is presented in the remaining systems of the electric rail car.

Abstract: Provided is single-walled carbon nanotube saturable absorber production via a multi-vacuum filtration method, and more particularly, single-walled carbon nanotube saturable absorber production via a multi-vacuum filtration method, capable of depositing a carbon nanotube thin film on a filter using a vacuum chamber and a membrane filter, etching the filter using an etchant so as to be transferred to an upper surface of the polymer, coating the polymer on the carbon nanotube to thereby produce a carbon nanotube saturable absorber, as a method of producing a carbon nanotube thin film to transfer the thin film to the polymer using a multi-filtration method in order to produce a passive saturable absorber to be used in laser oscillation.

Abstract: The present invention provides a lightweight multicast method and apparatus for a data distribution service. The lightweight multicast apparatus includes a network congestion detection unit for multicasting packets to a plurality of subscriber node terminals, and detecting a cause of network congestion using a negative response message transferred from a relevant subscriber node terminal that could not receive the packets among the plurality of subscriber node terminals. A network recovery control unit determines a recovery control policy depending on the cause of the congestion detected by the network congestion detection unit, and solves the cause of the congestion.

Abstract: A method of encoding a multi-object audio signal and an encoding apparatus, a decoding method and a decoding apparatus, and a transcoding method and a transcoder are provided. A multi-object audio signal encoding apparatus may encode object signals obtained by excluding ForeGround Objects (FGOs) from a plurality of input object signals, and may encode the FGOs, thereby providing a listener with a satisfactory sound quality.

Abstract: Methods are provided for creating a metal or other electrically-conductive member extending from an air-backed cavity of a piezoelectric ultrasonic transducer (pMUT) apparatus defining such an air-backed cavity, through a substrate layer disposed adjacent to the transducer device of the pMUT device, and into electrically-conductive engagement with a first electrode of the pMUT device, such that the electrically-conductive member provides an electrically-conductive engagement between the first electrode and a conformal electrically-conductive layer deposited in the air-backed cavity of the pMUT device. Associated apparatuses are also provided.

Abstract: A luminescent nanosheet has perovskite octahedral crystals combined together in a planar configuration, and the octahedral crystals each have a multistacked crystal sheet structure wherein the octahedral crystals are multistacked over at least 3 folds in the direction vertical to a sheet plane, and an element providing a luminescence center is solid-solubilized between the multistacked octahedral crystals.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method and apparatus for managing a backup channel in a multi-channel environment. According to an aspect of the present invention, the method of managing a backup channel in a multi-channel environment includes transmitting a control region of a super frame through a first channel constituting the multi-channel and transmitting a data region of the super frame to a destination terminal through a second channel constituting the multi-channel. A transmission quality of the first channel is acquired using the control region transmitted through the first channel.

Abstract: An apparatus for extracting a signal from convolutive mixtures includes a receiving unit which includes two or more receivers and receives a signal; a transfer function calculation unit which calculates transfer functions for demixing; and a demixing unit which demixes the received signal using the calculated transfer functions. The transfer function is determined such that a signal is extracted from a source closest to the receivers, and is calculated on the basis of a transfer function for a path to each receiver being approximated to a delta function as closer to the source.

Abstract: Disclosed are a system and a method for receiving an MBMS broadcasting service. In the present invention, in a mobile communication/wireless communication system, an MBMS service is provided by synchronizing a unicast bearer with a multicast bearer through scheduling information mapping at the time of transmitting a broadcast/multicast service through a unicast. Further, the present invention presents even a method for improving quality of experience (QoE) of the service by providing the MBMS service through the multicast bearer and the unicast bearer simultaneously. According to the present invention, MBMS services of various service qualities can be provided depending on wireless quality of a terminal or the capability of the terminal at the time of providing the MBMS service.

Abstract: The inventive concept provides avalanche photo diodes and methods of manufacturing the same. The avalanche photo diode may include a substrate, a light absorption layer formed on the substrate, a clad layer formed on the light absorption layer, an active region formed in the clad layer, a guard ring region formed around the active region, and an insulating region formed between the guard ring region and the active region.

Abstract: A wearable system for monitoring a plurality of physiological signals is provided. The wearable system includes at least one sensor producing the physiological signals associated with a patient. A processor unit receives the physiological signals from the at least one sensor. The processor unit analyzes the physiological signals to determine the occurrence of a triggered event and produces at least one output signal identifying the triggered event. A transmission unit receives the at least one output signal and prepares for transmission of the at least one output signal.

Abstract: A resistive random access memory (RRAM) cell including a first electrode, a second electrode, and a plurality of repeated sets of layers is provided. Each of the sets of layers includes a resistance-changing layer, a barrier layer, and an ionic exchange layer between the resistance-changing layer and the barrier layer, wherein a thickness of each of the resistance-changing layer, the barrier layer and the ionic exchange layer exceeds a Fermi wavelength, and the thickness each of the resistance-changing layer and ionic exchange layer are less than an electron mean free path. Further, a RRAM module including the aforesaid RRAM cell and a switch is also provided.

Abstract: A data encoding apparatus for verifying data integrity by using a white box cipher includes: an encoding unit for encoding content by using a white box cipher table; and an arithmetic logic unit for performing an arithmetic logic operation on the white box cipher table and content information to output an encoded white box cipher table. The arithmetic logic operation is an exclusive OR operation. The content information is license information of the content or hash value of the license information of the content.

Abstract: A light transformation particle is provided. The light transformation particle of the invention includes a light-shifting layer containing at least one light-emitting material, wherein the light-emitting layer transforms ultraviolet light, yellow-green light, or infrared light to red-orange light or blue-violet light. The light transformation particle further includes a core layer and/or a shell layer. The present invention further provides a photobioreactor containing the light transformation particle of the invention.