Abstract: The object of the invention is a process for recycling used lubricating oils. After drying and gasoline removal, the oil is distilled and then treated with sodium or sodium hydride in a finely-divided state at elevated temperature. This is followed by a further distillation. Both distillations are at temperatures below 300.degree. C., the oil fractions of low volatility being respectively distilled in a molecular distillation apparatus at below 2 mbar.

Abstract: Apparatus for monitoring a plasma process in which a plasma is formed to occupy a specified region, which apparatus is composed of: a mass spectrometer system including a mass analyzer having an ion inlet and an ion outlet and an ion detector disposed in operative association with the ion outlet; an output device connected to the detector for providing an output signal representative of the mass spectrum of ions observed by the mass spectrometer system; and an ion-optical system having an inlet opening located in the vicinity of the specified region and disposed for extracting ions from the plasma and focussing the ions thus extracted onto the ion inlet of the analyzer, whereby the output signal produced by the output device is representative of the mass spectrum of ions in the plasma.

Abstract: An electrode clamping device in an electroslag remelting plant has an adjustment device which defines two pivot axes for the electrode holding member which are aligned at right angles to one another and which can be independently controlled for effecting pivotal movement of the electrode holding member about the two axes.

Abstract: A vacuum vapor-deposition installation for batchwise operation has a horizontal valve chamber which is arranged in the middle and on which are fitted, by way of suitable openings, a top vaporizing chamber and a lower evaporizing chamber. The two openings are aligned with each other and can be sealed simultaneously in a vacuum-tight manner by a two-way valve movable horizontally in the valve chamber. For the purpose of charging the vaporizing chamber with substrates, this chamber can be lifted from the valve chamber. To solve the problem of increasing the number of production cycles per unit of time, the interior of the evaporizing chamber is accessible from the exterior without interrupting the vacuum in the valve chamber. This measure renders it unnecessary to charge the evaporizer in the evaporizing chamber through the valve chamber, for which purpose the entire chamber would have to admit air.

Abstract: A pendulum gate valve with a pressure tight housing and inlet and outlet openings arranged on opposite sides of the housing. The drive rod for the pendulum frame is guided throughout its total path by a joint connected to the pendulum frame which can swivel about the shaft of the pendulum frame but can in addition also move independently of the swiveling motion of the pendulum frame. A guide mechanism is provided for the further movement of the joint outside the swiveling range, which forces the joint onto a path that runs substantially parallel to the drive rod. The guide mechanism consists of a thrust rod forming part of the pressing device which urges the gate valve plate against the sealing bearing surface and which is connected to the drive rod. The thrust rod is mounted in a longitudinally movable manner in the pendulum frame and runs parallel to the drive rod in the closed position of the gate valve plate.

Abstract: A method and an apparatus for converting a three phase input into a constant voltage to a load, which voltage is substantially free of harmonics and ripples includes dividing the voltage to the load into two component voltages, with one component voltage comprising at least 80% of the total. The one component voltage is maintained constant and load independent. The voltage to the load is compared to a first reference voltage to obtain the difference therebetween and the value of the other component voltage is adjusted to minimize the difference. The two component voltages are added to form the voltage to the load.

Abstract: A high-voltage power supply for an electron-beam gun with a heatable cathode and an anode and of the type having an electronic switch connected in the current circuit for the cathode and controllable for blocking the current to the cathode, includes an impulse protecting filter connected in the current circuit for the cathode. The filter comprises a capacitor connected in parallel to the cathode, a choke connected in series with the cathode current circuit, a blocking diode and a discharge resistor connected in series therewith, with the diode and resistor connected in parallel with the choke.

Abstract: A system for the control of power of a high-voltage electron beam generator having a cathode and a control electrode for the cathode, has a controller at ground potential, a pulse generator for the production of square-wave voltage pulses symmetrical with ground potential, a transformer for transferring high-voltage potential to the beam generator including a primary winding substantially at ground potential and a secondary winding at high-voltage potential, a full-wave rectifier connected to the secondary winding and a filter connecting the rectifier to the cathode and to the control electrode. The filter comprises an LC combination of at least two LC members connected in series, in conjunction with at least two capacitors, one parallel to the cathode-control electrode and the other parallel to the full-wave rectifier, the resonance frequencies of the LC members being in a ratio of approximately 2:1.

Abstract: Method and an apparatus whereby electron beam deep welding can be performed at pressures of more than 10 millibars, especially under atmospheric conditions, without the need for complex apparatus. This is achieved by guide surfaces disposed between a seam and an electron beam source, so as to reflect the diverging electrons and at the same time reduce the free access of the ambient gas atmosphere. The electron reflection and the simultaneous blocking off of gases is achieved by guide surfaces substantially parallel and symmetrical with the beam axis which extend along the beam for at least ten millimeters. The distance between the guide surfaces through the center of the electron beam is greater than the diameter which the beam has upon entering into the higher pressure area.

Abstract: In a displacement machine operating according to the spiral principle and having two displacement elements presenting respective axially interengaging sprial-shaped walls, and drive means connected between the elements to produce a relative translatory circular movement therebetween, an elastic suspension is provided to support at least one of the displacement elements for permitting elastic movement between the elements in a plane perpendicular to the axis of translatory circular movement.In such a displacement machine, whether or not the elastic suspension is provided, the walls of the displacement elements are preferably made, at least at the surfaces contacting one another, of respectively different materials presenting a low mutual coefficient of friction.

Abstract: A fill device for filling a system, via a fill pipe thereof, with a liquid to a selected fill level, which device includes a housing, a rod axially displaceably mounted in the housing with one end of the rod forming a liquid outlet opening arranged to extend into the fill pipe to the selected level, a flow control unit connected between the outlet opening and connections for liquid supply and extraction lines and operable to connect a selected one of those lines to the outlet opening, a clamping mechanism mounted in the region of the outlet opening and operable to clamp the device onto the fill pipe, and an operating member operatively associated with the rod, the flow control unit and the clamping mechanism for causing displacement of the rod relative to the housing to simultaneously control operation of the flow control unit and the clamping mechanism.

Abstract: In a circuit for an ionization vacuum gauge having a thermionic filament, a control circuit receptive of a control current for controlling the filament and a switch for applying the control current to the control circuit, a circuit is provided for indicating a filament interruption independent of the state of the switch. The circuit includes at least one resistor by-passing the switch to provide a continuous sensing current to the filament and a detector for detecting the interruption in the sensing current and for indicating such an interruption.

Abstract: High-purity metal powder is made by the electron beam melting of a starting material in rod form in a vacuum wherein the molten metal is momentarily caught on a spinning plate rotating at high speed and flung therefrom and thereafter solidified by cooling. The metal on the spinning plate is bombarded with an electron beam that is so focused and periodically deflected that its focal spot is many times smaller than the diameter of the spinning plate. The beam deflection between the rotational center of the spinning plate and its marginal area is performed such that the spinning plate is scanned in a zone that extends radially of the axis of rotation of the spinning plate and is small in relation to its diameter. Cooling of the metal particles to the point of solidification is accomplished by radiation loss.

Abstract: A transit time mass spectrometer for analyzing ions having different energies, particularly ions emitted under the influence of radiation, especially laser radiation. The mass spectrometer is provided with a device forming a drift path having input and output ends and adapted to be traversed by the ions in a predetermined direction, with an ion detector which is located downstream of the output end of the drift path, and with a lens arrangement, as, for example, as electrostatic or magnetic lens system for focussing as well as for accelerating the ions. The lens system has at least two sections at least one of which is upstream of the input end.

Abstract: A process for regulating the evaporation rate of oxidizable substances in reactive vacuum deposition by the metered addition of oxygen to a vacuum deposition chamber during deposition, wherein the addition of oxygen to a predetermined value, the pressure "p" in the vacuum chamber is measured, and the evaporation rate "r" for any pressure changes is regulated such that the ratio of pressure to evaporation rate p:r is maintained substantially constant.

Abstract: Electronic or ionic optical apparatus having baffled wall areas wherein the individual baffles are constructed and positioned such that a maximum probability is created for particles departing from the desired paths through the apparatus to pass through the baffles. A chamber is preferably provided behind the baffled wall areas which is closed off except for the openings between the individual baffles.

Abstract: A method of operating a gas examining apparatus which has a gas examining device such as a mass spectrometer, a chamber communicating with the gas examining device, a gas pump communicating with the chamber and a probe hose coupled to the chamber for introducing into the apparatus gas to be examined. According to the method, in case probe hoses of different lengths or different quantities are used, the gas examination is so performed that the pressure in the above-mentioned chamber arranged upstream of the gas examining apparatus is maintained constant.

Abstract: Vacuum coating apparatus having a vacuum chamber containing at least one cathode system and having a system for the continuous or intermittent transport of substrates during the coating. The transport system includes flexible, endless conveyor means in pairs guided in the manner of two parallel chain drives over wheel pairs positioned at a distance from one another in the formation of two straight runs. The substrates are fastened to the conveyors so as to be movable parallel to the cathode system. The straight runs of each endless conveyor is guided vertically at least in the area of the cathode systems.

Abstract: An electroslag remelting arrangement for remelting consumable electrodes into ingots, in which the ingot mold power connection is mounted beneath the mold upper edge on the ingot mold or on the mold floor, and is led away downwardly. The electrode current connection has at least two stationary bus bars which extend continuously from the connection point of the ingot mold to the maximum stroke height of the electrode feed device. The bus bars, moreover, run coaxially or quasi-coaxially with respect to the ingot mold, and are electrically connected to the consumable electrode by sliding contacts and connecting leads.

Abstract: A closure fixture has a slide member or valve for radioactive and toxic media, a fixture housing, a housing cover connected to the housing via a first sealing surface and a closure device with a drive mechanism arranged on the housing cover. The housing fixture comprises an additional sealing surface and an assembly cap has an interior configured to receive the housing cover, an enclosure device and is sealingly mountable to the additional sealing surface. The assembly cap comprises at least one manipulating device for transferring the housing cover together with the closure device into the interior of the assembly cap.