Abstract: Scheduling system and method for scheduling data packets from an input port (11 . . . 1i) to an output port (31 . . . 3o), comprising virtual output queues (61 . . . 6n) being arranged to store data packets from the input port (11 . . . 1i) destined for a specific output port (31 . . . 3o). The scheduling system comprises a scheduling tree (10) having a plurality of comparison layers, each comparison layer being arranged for pair-wise comparing requests received from the associated virtual output queues (61 . . . 6n) in parallel and sending the request with a higher priority to a higher level comparison layer until a single request remains, the single request indicating the virtual output queue (61 . . . 6n) scheduled to send its data packet to the associated output port (31 . . . 3o).

Abstract: A working label switched path (LSP) between neighbor label switched routers (LSRs) in a ring network that utilizes label switching is protected by an LSP that connects the neighbor LSRs of the working LSP in an opposite direction to the working LSP. If the working LSP fails, then packets are switched to the protection LSP. Switched packets traverse the protection LSP until they reach the neighbor LSR that they would have reached had the packets traversed the working LSP. Time-to-live (TTL) values of packets that traverse the protection LSP are adjusted to account for the number of hops on the protection LSP so that the TTL values of the packets are the same after traversing the protection LSP as they would have been had they traversed the working LSP. After traversing the protection LSP packets can be switched back to the working LSP or switched to a next hop LSP.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for establishing an average test time (TA) include determining a first time interval (TG) nominally associated with non-failing testing of a unit under test (UUT), and determining a second time interval (TPR) nominally associated with troubleshooting and repairing a failed unit under test. Additionally, a percent yield (Y) nominally associated with a proportion of non-failing units under test is determined. The average test time is a sum of the first time interval associated with the non-failing testing of the UUT, and a ratio of the second time interval associated with troubleshooting and repair of a failed UUT with respect to the yield.

Abstract: The call data and hardware cache for a dial-up access concentrators caches the hardware device setup and the communication connection data created for a call connection for use in the next successively received incoming call. The call data and hardware cache for dial-up access concentrators enables the existing physical hardware connection that comprises the call connection in the dial-up access concentrator, the call processing and call connection resources to remain available for use in the next successively received incoming call. This step also retains the communication connection data comprising the call setup and call management data in the shelf controller and the call processing data in the call signal processor card for possible reuse.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for transmitting delay sensitive information (DSI) and non-delay sensitive information (NDSI) over a communication link where the NDSI is fragmented in an efficient and intelligent manner and the fragmentation is based on parameters of received DSI so as to reduce the likelihood of transmission conflicts between the DSI and the NDSI. DSI and NDSI are thus interleaved over the communication link in an efficient manner. Both the NDSI and the DSI are transmitted in accordance with a network layer protocol.

Abstract: A data communications system which provides multiple logical channels on a passive optical network (PON) using subcarrier multiple access (SCMA). The PON includes multiple optical network units (ONU) which each communicate with a head-end over a logical channel. Collisions among upstream transmissions are thereby avoided and high speed Ethernet service over large distances is made possible.

Abstract: A maximum transmission power level to be used by a radio telecommunications base station in communicating with a mobile user terminal is selected. The base station communicates with neighboring base stations to determine distances to the neighboring base stations, and sets the maximum transmission power level at a level such as to enable communications with mobile user terminals located at most a fraction of the distance from the base station towards the nearest neighboring base station.

Abstract: A method and system for asynchronously transporting narrowband and broadband transmissions over a link includes providing at least one host terminal or at least one network unit for receiving and transmitting communications over a transmission line. Narrowband transmissions are converted to and from composite asynchronous transfer mode (ATM) cells by separating data and signaling of each channel into separate byte positions in the composite ATM cells. The composite asynchronous transfer mode (ATM) cells are transferred over the transmission link. The composite asynchronous transfer mode (ATM) cells include both narrowband and broadband composite cells such that an entire bandwith of the transmission line is available for both narrowband and broadband transmissions.

Abstract: The selection of which channel to use by a cable modem terminating system (CMTS) is made a function of input supplied by a spectrum analyzer. Note that typically the cable distribution system has coupled to it at the head end not only the CMTS but also a spectrum analyzer, which has been used in the prior art only for initial establishment and subsequent maintenance of the network, tasks which are performed manually by field technicians. In one embodiment of the invention an interface is established between the CMTS and the spectrum analyzer so that the CMTS and the spectrum analyzer can communicate with each other, and the decision on which channel to use for the upstream is made by the CMTS based at least in part on information provided by the spectrum analyzer. Alternatively, the CMTS and spectrum analyzer are each interfaced to a spectrum controller which makes the decision of which channel to use for the upstream based at least in part on information provided by the spectrum analyzer.

Abstract: An end user terminal (EUT), e.g., such as mobile terminal (MT) (20), is provided for connecting with an incoming call received over a communications network (A). Suitably, the EUT includes an alerting function and/or equipment that provides perceivable alerting in response to an incoming call attempting to connect with the EUT over the communications network (A). An alert sensor (AS) (22) detects an alerting status of the EUT, which is then communicated over the communications network (A), e.g., back to the calling EUT 50.

Abstract: Integrated base stations and a method of transmitting data units in a communications system for mobile devices. In one embodiment, an integrated base station includes a communications processor having a protocol stack configured with a media access control layer and a physical layer.

Abstract: A radio telecommunications network comprises a transmitter (2) and a receiver (4). The transmitter (2) is operative to send signals indicative of data, and the receiver (4) is operative to receive the signals (12) and decode the signals to determine the data. The receiver (4) comprises indicator means to send to the transmitter (2) an indication of whether data has been correctly determined, and the transmitter (2) is operative to retransmit at least some data not correctly determined. The receiver (4) further comprises a buffer (14) operative to store the determined data. The buffer (14) is operative to output the determined data at a predetermined rate.

Abstract: Audio or other information is delivered to a user via a multi-stream digital broadcasting system in a partially-encrypted form. The information is encoded and separated into multiple bitstreams, at least a subset of which are left unencrypted. Both the encrypted and unencrypted bitstreams are received and stored by the user. A user is able, for at least a limited period of time, to access the information at a first quality level, e.g., an FM-quality level for audio information, without having the corresponding decryption key, by utilizing only the unencrypted bitstreams. The user can then access an electronic-commerce web site to purchase the decryption key. The key may be downloaded from the site to an information processing device of the user, and may be utilized to decrypt the partially-encrypted format, such that the user is provided with access to the information at a second quality level higher than the first quality level, e.g., a CD-quality level for audio information.

Abstract: The invention provides a telecommunication system that allows communication between a circuit-based wireless telephony network and a packet-based Internet telephony network without requiring access to the Public Switched Telephone Network. The system includes a circuit-based wireless telephony network providing wireless access to the system, a packet-based Internet telephony network providing Internet telephony access to the system, and a base station gateway controller for providing an interface between the wireless telephony network and the Internet telephony network. The invention further provides methods for facilitating communication between a first device, the first device being a packet-based Internet telephony network based device, and a second device, the second device being a circuit-based wireless telephony network based device, by facilitating connection of a call from the first device to the second device, without requiring access to the public switched telephone network.

Abstract: Apparatus and method provide location information for a calling party to a called party and/or provide a location for called party to a calling party. The information may be provided to a customer on a subscription basis or a customer may query for location information for the party at the other end of a call on an ad hoc basis (413). The customer may select the granularity (303) of the location information as well as the format (309) in which the information is sent. A party may optionally disable (403) the location ID feature so that the other person is not able to receive the party's location.

Abstract: The power level of at least one forward-link signal is determined for a measurement interval, where the measurement interval has a duration smaller than or equal to the time period in which at least one power-indicative signal characteristic can change. For example, a power-indicative signal characteristic used can be the information rate of the signal, which can change once per frame. In this case the measurement interval would be smaller than or equal to a frame. Preferably, the measurement interval is smaller than the time period in which any of the power-indicative signal characteristics can change. The power level of the signal is based on the signal's power-indicative signal characteristics during the measurement interval. In one embodiment of the invention, the signal's power-indicative signal characteristics include the information rate, and the gain of the signal.

Abstract: In the method of generating a pseudo random number, pseudo random numbers equal to pseudo random numbers generated from a pseudo random number generation function indexed by orders of two are stored. Then, a pseudo random number is generated based on the stored pseudo random numbers.

Abstract: An apparatus includes a crystalline substrate, a layer of a first group III-nitride located on a planar surface of the substrate, and a layer of a second group III-nitride located over the layer of the first group III-nitride. The first and second group III-nitrides have different alloy compositions. The layer of second group III-nitride may have a pattern of columnar holes or trenches therein. The apparatus may include a plurality of pyramidal field-emitters that include the second group III-nitride.

Abstract: A Layer 2 Tunneling Protocol (L2TP) performs a sender initiated recovery algorithm (SIRA) upon receiving, from an L2TP receiver, a predefined number of packets including the same “next received” (Nr) sequence number. The L2TP sender transmits a payload message that includes the “Reset Sr” (R-bit) indicator, which resets the value for Nr (at the receiver) to either just beyond the first missing packet or to the current send sequence number of the sender.

Abstract: A system and method for segmenting, distributing and replacing streaming multimedia clips in a network system including at least one origin server connected to a plurality of streaming caches via an interactive distribution network, such as the Internet. The at least one origin server stores a plurality of streaming multimedia clips in an associated memory and segments the clips into a plurality of data segment of exponentially increasing size; the origin server then distributes the plurality of data segments to the plurality of streaming caches where each streaming cache decides whether to store or discard each segment in accordance with a predefined probability. Another aspect of the invention involves replacing stored data segments at each of the plurality of streaming caches as needed. In one embodiment, a hotness rating is computed for each streaming multimedia clip stored in an SC. Clips are replaced as needed based on their hotness rating relative to other clips.