Abstract: Oxygen-free copper, particularly wire, is manufactured in a casting and rolling plant composed of melting plant, continuous casting mold and a subsequently arranged continuous rolling mill. The method includes bending a billet leaving the casting plant along a straight line into the horizontal, after the billet has been reduced in at least one shaping pass. The arrangement for carrying out the method includes at least one shaping stand arranged following the continuous casting mold, wherein the rolling axis of the shaping stand coincides with the longitudinal center axis of the continuous casting mold. The region between melting furnace and continuous casting mold and the region between continuous casting mold and the shaping stand are arranged under gas shrouding.

Abstract: The invention relates to the production of low-residual-stress strip and is applicable in the field of metal forming. Pursuant to the invention, the gap between the finishing rolls is adjusted in n strip elements during the rolling process by adjusters in each case by amounts .DELTA.S.sub.i. However, it is not necessary that the number n of measurement zones be equal to the number of adjustment zones. The adjustment amounts .DELTA.S.sub.i for the individual strip elements are determined continuously, with the inclusion of the no-slip point (FIG. 1) by determining, either before or at the start of the roll pass, the average pass reduction .epsilon..sub.h,ges as well as the partial reduction .epsilon..sub.h,k, which characterizes the reduction from the no-slip point up to the exit side of the roll gap. The ratio .epsilon..sub.h,ges /.epsilon..sub.h,k formed from the two quantities, after multiplicative linkage with the final thickness h.sub.1, gives a fixed amount valid for the respective roll pass.

Abstract: In a process for printing a halftone image a plurality of image data describing the halftone step of a halftone dot of a model image are taken over in processing frames. Color step values which determine color gradations of color dots and can be outputted optionally at print positions of a printing screen are obtained from the image data contained in the processing frames. To produce a reproduction image with a large number of halftone steps and, at the same time, a high local resolution in the region of contrast jumps of the model image, a color step value is obtained from each image datum by assigning a color step value existing in the reference pattern associated with the halftone step according to the halftone step described by the image datum and its position in the processing frame.

Abstract: An injection molding machine includes a screw unit provided with a drive and mounted through a carrier on a base frame. The screw unit can be connected to a tool clamping plate in a frictionally engaging manner. The carrier includes a carriage which can be moved on the base frame by at least one moving unit fastened on the tool clamping plate. The carriage has a front carriage portion with at least one recess provided in the front carriage portion. A yoke provided at the opening side of the housing part can be placed in a positively engaging manner into the recess. The rear housing part of the plasticizing unit is connectable through support and centering elements to an undercarriage which is slidable on the base frame.

Abstract: A horizontal multiple-strand continuous casting plant and a method of operating the plant. The casting plant includes a distributor with several molds and a corresponding strand drawing unit which conveys the individual strands out of the molds by means of pulling movements and return pushing movements, wherein the strands can be individually clamped within the strand drawing unit. The strand drawing unit includes two clamping devices which alternatingly carry out the pulling movements and the return pushing movements. In the event of an interruption in one of the molds, the method includes connecting in a frictionally engaging manner the strand located in the affected mold to one of the two clamping devices of the strand drawing unit by actuating the corresponding clamping device only during at least one return pushing movement, and disconnecting from this strand the second clamping unit during the pulling movement thereof.

Abstract: A method of longitudinal rolling of seamless pipes in a continuous rolling procedure on an internal tool in a multiple-stand rolling train, wherein the rolls of successive rolling stands are mounted off set relative to each other. In accordance with the present invention, in a first of only two successive rolling passes, a roll thickness reduction is produced with opened roll groove sides in the roll groove bottom which reduction corresponds to or is slightly greater than the roll thickness of the finished pipe. In the second rolling pass, the side portion of the first rolling pass is reduced in the direction of the width to the wall thickness of the finished pipe in the roll groove bottom of the second rolling pass.

Abstract: A process for the manufacture of plastic moldings with decorative coatings by injection molding, on an injection molding machine with an injection screw, which introduces the plastic into a cavity located in a mold clamping device, and an apparatus for the performance of the process.

Abstract: In a machine for injection molding thermoplastic materials in a molding tool by seriatim injection cycles, wherein an injection pressure stage and a subsequent holding pressure stage are employed, and wherein parameters of a change-over point from the injection pressure to the holding pressure have a trend of varying, a method for regulating the trend of the change-over point in each injection cycle, involving (a) establishing upper and lower pressure, and time boundary target parameters for a working window, (b) establishing upper and lower temperature boundary target parameters for a working band, (c) defining the change-over point within said working window, by specifying a pressure, at a given time, (d)measuring the actual pressure at the time of changing from the injection pressure to the holding pressure, and detecting any pressure and time differences from the boundary target parameters of the working window, (e) measuring the actual temperature, and detecting any temperature differences from the bound

Abstract: A method and an arrangement for cutting cold pilgered tubes during rolling on a cold pilger rolling mill with reciprocating rolling stand and with intermittent advance and/or intermittent rotation of the tube in the area of one of the two dead centers of the rolling stand. The method includes imparting on the tube along a distance range thereof behind the rolling zone a constant rotation corresponding to the average speed of rotation of the tube such that the tube is temporarily elastically twisted. The distance range is selected in accordance with parameters determined by the material and dimensions of the tube. The tube is cut within the distance range during the constant rotation. The arrangement for carrying out the method includes a cutting unit with a cutting tool and a clamping sleeve which clamps the tube circumference and is constantly driven for rotation. The cutting unit is arranged at a distance from the rolling stand which facilitates elastic torsion of the tube.

Abstract: The inventive method reduces the quantity of the actual number of pixels to be printed to attain a given resolution, on average, by half, with each two or pair of adjacent pixels of the original print information being sequentially processed to form a print pixel and a socalled white or unprinted pixel. The arrangement of print pixels and white pixels is effected so as to print a checkerboard pattern. The ink droplets accordingly have the smallest possible substrate or print media contact area so that adjacent ink droplets which are not yet dry are effectively prevented from running together and thereby degrading the resulting image.

Abstract: A method of producing a decorative pattern on a plastic card housing an etronic circuit in an injection molding machine, includes the steps of introducing and positioning a film, which has applied on at least one surface thereof a decorative pattern, in an open cavity of the injection molding machine, closing the cavity so that the film is fixed and clamped in position, after the closing of the cavity, inserting an electronic circuit chip through an aperture into the mold cavity, injecting a support composition for the card into the mold cavity, and after termination of the injection process, removing the gate or any excess material from the periphery of the card, opening the mold cavity and removing the decorated card.

Abstract: A continuous casting plant for the horizontal casting of steel in several strands includes a casting ladle with two discharge openings provided in the bottom of the casting ladle. Each discharge opening is provided with a closure device. Each discharge opening has at least one tundish channel provided with at least one outlet opening. A mold fixedly attachable to the tundish channel is arranged in axial alignment with each outlet opening. Each tundish channel is mounted with the corresponding mold or molds on a tundish car. The tundish cars are movable underneath the casting ladle horizontally and transversely of the casting direction on a track formed by rails between a preparation position and a casting position. Between the preparation position and the casting position, the rails have rail sections which are displaceable from the rail travel direction. The length of the rail sections is such that the rail sections can receive one of the tundish cars.

Abstract: In a method for the adaptive automatic control of position-adjustable drives, optimized parameters are determined from the drive motion, wherein the optimized parameters are stored with corrected parameters entered into data memory storage. In order to avoid in a method of this kind, involving a reduction of the cycle times, an overshooting in the target position, even in case of non-cyclical positioning sequences, a drive distance, determinant for an operational course, is determined between its stop points and is subdivided into calculated, consecutively numbered distance zones or angle zones and these numbers of system zones or numbers of angle zones are stored in a data memory storage. With the aid of the thus determined distance zones or angle zones, the values describing the drive motions are determined and are sub-divided in each case into a consecutively numbered zone system and are stored in a data memory storage.

Abstract: A rolling train for rolling girder sections includes at least one two-high reversing roughing stand and a plurality of subsequent universal stands for work rolling and finish rolling. Two universal stands and an upsetting stand are combined to form a reversing tandem group. A universal sizing stand for passing rolling is arranged immediately subsequent to the tandem group. The universal stands of the tandem group have double-cone shaped vertical rolls and the universal sizing stand has cylindrical vertical rolls. The girder section is rolled in several successive passes with the flanges of the section being directed outwardly and the outwardly directed flanges are rolled so as to extend parallel in a last smoothing pass.

Abstract: A device for the translation or discharge of articles from a transport conveyor to a discharge conveyor includes a push-off ledge that is moveable into the transport conveyor path. The elongated push-off ledge is pivoted at each of its ends to an endless pull member that is guidely driven around a start-deflection roller, an out-deflection roller and a displaceably-tensioned guide roller that are rotatable about vertical roller shafts. Each of the pair of pull members are synchronously driven so that the push-off ledge remains substantially parallel to the conveyor's article transport direction while the ledge is advanced, for displacing an article from the transport to the discharge conveyor, at an oblique angle to the article transport direction. The push-off ledge is retracted substantially perpendicular to the transport direction, thereby avoiding interference with following articles being carried on the transport conveyor.

Abstract: A transfer station for transferring foundry ladles from a delivery station situated on the shop floor level to a higher pouting position of a curved continuous-casting installation, and includes a revolving turret with a foundation and supporting arms for receiving the foundry ladle. The arms are guided by paths and are arranged at a column which is rotatably supported on the foundation. A lifting device in the form of a hydraulic cylinder is provided for vertically moving the supporting arms. The lifting device is arranged below the plane of the rotating ring of the column only on the side of the take-over position regardless of the position of the column. The take-over position for the foundry ladle is likewise arranged below the plane of the rotating ting. The paths provided at the column extend below the plane of the rotating ring on the side of the delivery station and are severed in the plane of the rotating ting.

Abstract: The invention relates to a dummy bar for continuous casting installations with a curved bar guide arranged downstream of a mold. The invention provides a dummy bar which is characterized by a flexible metallic strip (1) and components (3) which are fastened to a surface of the strip (1) for detachably connecting with spacers (2) extending in the shape of strips along the width of the strip (1) on the same surface transversely to the longitudinal direction of the strip, which spacers (2) have mutually adjacent contact areas (6) at least in the region of the components (3). The free surface of the spacers (2) is covered with congruent rubber-like plates (5) and the free surface of the strip (1) is provided with a rubber-like coating (4).

Abstract: In an installation for the manufacture of hot-rolled steel strip from continuously cast stock, a caster for the continuous casting of the stock into steel strip, a furnace positioned for receiving the strip after it leaves the caster and containing at least two winding/unwinding mandrels each placed in first and second proximate locations, respectively, the first mandrel is placed in the first location adapted to receive and wind the strip into a coil, transport devices are provided for transporting the coil and first mandrel from the first location to a second location and the second mandrel from the second location to the first location; the strip is unwound from the first mandrel in said second location and then fed to a mill. Alternative embodiments include vertical or horizontal movement of the mandrels, more than two mandrels, devices for driving the mandrels at different speeds, cutting means, clamping devices, furnace heating devices, dividing shears and descaling.

Abstract: A trolley, particularly a monorail trolley having a short structural height includes travel wheels which travel on a lower flange of a rail. The trolley further includes a lifting mechanism arranged on a support frame and a driveable friction wheel which can be pressed through a spring element against the lower flange of the rail. One of the travel wheels and the friction wheel are arranged on a rocker member for a load-dependent increase of the frictional engagement between the rail and the travel wheel and the friction wheel. As seen in travel direction, the friction wheel is spaced from the travel wheel. The rocker member is arranged laterally next to the lower flange and is connected to the support frame so as to be pivotable about an axis. Arranged between the support frame and the rocker member is an adjusting member for changing the distance between the axis and the lower flange. The friction wheel and the travel wheel are connected so as to be triable together.