Abstract: In order to increase measuring sensitivity of a fluorometer, a transmitter of monochromatic test light beam is arranged opposite a receiver of a measuring light beam. A measuring chamber including a fluorescent indicator space is arranged between the transmitter and the receiver. The distance between the transmitter and the receiver is adjustable to match to the thickness of the measuring chamber.

Abstract: A method of producing individual short laser pulses in which a stimulatable laser medium is excited by a pump pulse in order to produce a population inversion above a laser threshold value, the population inversion being kept below the threshold value after emission of the short radiation pulse. The laser medium is common to two resonators and from it energy in the form of the desired individual short laser radiation pulse is first taken from the first resonator by means of a first relaxation process of given threshold value, relatively short time constant and relatively low quality factor, after which the inversion in the laser medium is kept below the preset threshold value of the first resonance process by a second relaxation process of relatively long time constant and relatively high quality factor in the second resonator coupled to the first.

Abstract: A method and an apparatus are described by producing optical radiation pulses with a duration of the order of picoseconds (10.sup.-12 s) and less using external mode locking of the longitudinal laser modes of a semiconductor laser element operating in an external resonator. In the method of the invention the gain modulation, needed for synchronous mode locking, of the active semiconductor laser element is effected by modulation of the electrical pumping current by way of a high-speed optoelectronic switch, that for its part is controlled by a mode locked master laser. The present method combines the advantages of synchronous optical pumping, as used in commercial mode locked dye laser systems, with the simple type of electrical pumping of commercially available semiconductor laser diodes, more especially double heterostructure laser diodes.

Abstract: An apparatus for coating and polishing a micropipette for patch recording comprises an inverse microscope having a stage for supporting a micropipette to be processed, and a pair of objectives of relatively low and relatively high magnification, respectively, which are adapted to be selectively placed into the optical path of the microscope. An air gun is positioned to supply an air jet to a pipette supported on the stage, said gun comprising heating means for selectively producing a hot and a cold air jet. An attchment comprising an electricially heatable filament is associated to the objective of relatively high magnification. The micropipette is positioned and coated under observation with the aid of the objective of low magnification and then the coating is cured by applying the hot air jet. Subsequently, the tip of the pipette is polished by the heated filament under observation with the aid of the objective of high magnification.

Abstract: A heat shield for high thermal loading and particularly pulse heat loading n fusion reactors e.g. as first wall, plasma physics installations, particle accelerators, etc. contains a cooled support plate carrying a large number of shielding or limiter members on its side facing a heat source, e.g. a hot plasma. The shielding or limiter members are detachably connected to the support plate by a good thermally conducting seat, e.g. a bevel, ball or flat seat. By suitably shaping and arranging the limiter members, it is possible to substantially cover the surfaces of practically any desired shape such as, e.g., the inner wall of a toroidal vacuum vessel. As a result of their limited size, the limiter members can be adapted in a optimum manner to locally differing requirements. The size and shape of the support member can be adapted to widely differing boundary conditions.

Abstract: The invention relates to hexa-substituted tribenzocyclononatriene derivats constituting a new type of liquid crystals with novel "pyramidal" mesophases. The compounds of the invention differ from the known liquid crystals in their different steric molecular structure. Their molecules consist of a rigid central nucleus of pyramidal structure, the chains of substituents being symmetrically attached to the basis of the pyramid. The compounds of the invention have an electric dipole moment and can be excited in the electric field. Therefore, they are suitable for use in memory devices and/or electro-optical display means.

Abstract: A secondary mirror tilting device for a reflecting telescope, particularly an infrared reflecting telescope operating at cryotemperatures, is described in which the angular momentum is compensated and the drive of the mirror takes place with a minimum of energy. The tilting amplitude and the working frequency of the tilting device are electrically controllable.

Abstract: Peptide fragments of the alpha thymosin molecule, ranging from four to eighteen peptides in length, and salts thereof, are disclosed. These fragments possess immunostimulatory and immunoregulatory properties similar to the alpha thymosin molecule, and are useful in the same fashion as in this molecule.

Abstract: The invention relates to a process for producing and obtaining anaphylatoxin- and cocytotaxin-containing leucotaxine preparations and anaphylatoxin and cocytotaxin proteins in molecularly homogeneous, biologically active form from contact-activated mammalian serum by the following steps:separation of the proteins from other serum constituents to obtain a serum protein concentrate fraction,separation of a part of accompanying foreign blood proteins from anaphylatoxin and cocytotaxin present in the said protein concentrate fraction,isolation of the leucotaxine preparation by chromatography on hydroxyapatite,and optionally further purification and/or separation of the leucotaxine preparation into anaphylatoxin and cocytotaxin proteins by chromatographical methods.

Abstract: The present invention provides a process for the immunological determinat of proteins in body fluids which display a non-parallel inhibition curve to a reference inhibitor, wherein specific monovalent antibody fragments are used as antiserum.

Abstract: An optical indicator device for the remote indication and measurement of physical changes in a living body includes at least one source of light disposed remote from the test subject and at least one indicator disposed in direct contact with the test subject. This indicator includes a fluid-tight, light-permeable membrane which encloses an inner space. A liquid crystal compound is disposed in the inner space. This compound is of the opto-electrical type adapted to respond to light waves from said source of light and furthermore responsive to physical changes in the space surrounding said indicator. Detector means are provided for indicating and measuring the response of said liquid crystal compound to said light rays and physical changes. Preferably, the indicator device is combined with a similar device containing a different liquid crystal for measuring the glucose concentration.

Abstract: The invention concerns new 1-tert.-alkyl-thiohydrazine-1,2-dicarboxylic a derivatives, their production, and their use as reagents for the transfer of a 1-tert.-alkylthio residue, particularly of a 1-tert.-butylthio residue as a protective group for thiols.

Abstract: Mixed crystals of the general formulaNa.sub.1+x M.sub.2-1/3x+y Si.sub.x Z.sub.3-x O.sub.12-2/3x+2ywhereinM represents one of the transition metals of the Fourth Group of the Peric System, Zr, Ti, Hf or mixtures thereof, Z represents one of the elements of the Fifth Group of the Periodic System, P, Sb, Bi, V, Nb, Ta or mixtures thereof, andx represents a number from 0.01 to 3, andy a number from 0 to 0.5,are new, and are suitable as ion-conducting electrolyte in electrochemical cells.

Abstract: In the representative embodiments described herein, an attenuator of optical radiation, and specifically high-intensity laser radiation, comprises a plurality of diffracting sheet members, containing a plurality of apertures, disposed at an angle to the incident radiation. The sheet members may be wire screens and the attenuator may include a plurality of such screens disposed at different angles and having different mesh orientations.

Abstract: To prevent interference from secondary electron emission, a base member, as of a waveguide, which in operation is exposed to high frequency electric fields is provided with a coating comprising a rough surface layer having a thickness less than its skin depth, and a further layer of high electrical conductivity between said rough layer and said base member, the thickness of said further layer being substantially larger than its skin depth. The rough layer preferably has a ratio of mean depth to mean pitch of its random corrugations substantially larger than 1:2.

Abstract: Novel bandage materials are provided comprising a transparent fluid mater consisting of hydrophilic organic transparent gel in sheet or band form, swollen with an aqueous solution which can contain buffer substances, wound treatment agents, nutrients and/or hormones, and optionally, a reinforcing mesh. The fluid bandages are made by dissolving a monomer and a gellable hydrophilic high molecular substance in aqueous medium and starting the gel forming reaction with an initiator for the polymerizable monomer. The bandages can also be utilized as carrier compositions for cell cultures from which metabolites are obtained.

Abstract: The present invention provides a wound treating agent in powder form based on a swellable organic polymer, which comprises a cross-linked polymer of a hydrophilic acrylic or methacrylic acid derivative, which polymer is permeated by a gellable polysaccharide and/or protein or polypeptide, the agent being obtainable by polymerizing a hydrophilic acrylic or methacrylic acid derivative in the presence of a dissolved, gellable polysaccharide and/or protein or polypeptide and of a cross-linking agent.The present invention also provides a process for the production of this wound treating agent, wherein a hydrophilic acrylic or methacrylic acid derivative is polymerized in an aqueous solution of a gellable polysaccharide and/or protein or polypeptide in the presence of a cross-linking agent and of a conventional polymerization initiator, to give a transparent gel which is dried and pulverized.

Abstract: The invention relates to SERUM-DERIVED "LEUKORECRUITIN", which is A PROTEIN MEDIATOR OF INFLAMMATION FROM MAMMALIAN SERUM specifically inducing positive leukocytosis reaction and leukocyte recruitment from the bone marrow into the blood of animals and humans without biological side-reactions. The process for the production and isolation of leukorecruitin is characterized in that mammalian serum is subjected to regulated and limited proteolysis by contact activation, the protein is then separated from other foreign constituents and proteins of serum in the form of a crude serum protein concentrate fraction, and/or the protein is separated from other serum-proteins by chromatography on hydroxy-apatite. Leukorecruitin has very valuable pharmacological effects and can be used in compositions for specifically influencing the defense state of the animal or human body and for diagnostic purposes in hematological disorders.

Abstract: A combined objective and emission lens for a microbeam probe is described which is suitable for primary and secondary particles of the same charge sign, by which lens a bundle of primary rays of comparatively high energy can be focused on a very small spot of a plane sample surface and the secondary particles emitted by this spot can be collected into a collimated bundle of secondary rays which leaves the combined lens in a direction substantially opposite to the bundle of primary rays. In the present combined lens, the field strength between the sample surface and the lens electrode most closely adjacent to it is very high, in contrast to the known combined objective and emission lenses, so that a small emissivity of the secondary beam with a small diameter at the same time of the primary beam spot and an effective collection and collimation of the secondary particles are ensured.

Abstract: In order to measure the intensity of an electric current utilizing the Faay effect, an optical path which is exposed to a magnetic field generated by the current is marked by an optical fiber which is laid in a number of windings in the shape of a coil. In order to minimize the disruptive effect of, for instance, elliptical eigen-birefringence of the fiber, or birefringence caused by the laying of the fiber on the zero point and the calibration factor of the device, the end of the optical fiber which is away from the input point is provided with a reflection unit which reflects back into the fiber the light which arrives there with the same polarization state with which it arrived at the reflection unit. A polarization measurement unit is used to record the polarization state of light flux which, after having traversed the optical fiber a total of twice, again emerges at the input point.