Abstract: A process for obtaining functionally and morphologically intact and viable leucocytes and thrombocytes from blood is disclosed. Erythrocytes are removed from the blood and then the leucocytes are separated by centrifugation and treated to remove trace amounts of erythrocytes and thrombocytes. The thrombocytes are obtained from the supernatant produced by the centrifugation.

Abstract: In order to permit the measurement of very small rotation rates, the rotan rates are measured by the Sagnac effect in a light path encircling an area. To accomplish this, two coherent light beams are coupled into the two ends of said light path of which a section is subject to perturbations that affect the polarizations of said two light beams. After the beams emerge again from the ends of said fiber, they are superimposed so that they interfere. The rotation rate of said light path can then be evaluated from an analysis of the interference. In particular, in order to reduce sensitivity to the perturbations, the two light beams are coupled with defined states of polarization into said light path of which a section is subject to perturbations, and the two interfering beams pass through at least one polarization analyzer, the azimuth and ellipticity of which is adjusted for maximum transmission of light which is the conjugate of one of said light beams coupled into said light path at one end thereof.

Abstract: A factor which causes an increase in the number of liver cells through increased cell division activity, obtained by homogenizing the remaining livers of partially hepatectomized animals, subjecting the homogenate to acidification to pH=5.5 and then heat treatment at 95.degree. C., and centrifuging said homogenate. After such treatment, the factor is contained in the supernatant. The factor is a neuraminic-acid-free protein with a molecular weight of approximately 30,000 to 50,000 D. An extract containing the factor also can be obtained from the blood plasma of hepatectomized animals, when the plasma in addition to the described steps further is treated with neuraminidase. Similarly, an extract containing the factor can be obtained from the livers or the plasma of non-hepatectomized fetal or very young animals.

Abstract: In manufacturing optical transmission filters having double-refraction elements, extreme care is usually necessary to provide the desired phase delay. To simplify the manufacturing process while still achieving accurate phase delay, a filter is provided with at least one double-refraction element comprising a single-mode optical filter mounted between polarizers. The double refraction of the optical fiber is sufficiently weak so that the .lambda. length within which light beams propagating with orthogonal polarization states in the fiber are mutually delayed by 2.pi., is at least 1 cm. In one embodiment, the optical fiber comprises alternating sections which produce linear double refraction with sections which produce elliptical double refraction.

Abstract: This invention relates to a process for the immunological determination of asal membrane material in body fluids and provides new basal membrane fragments suitable for such determination, and a process for their preparation.

Abstract: The bottom portion of a drain or sewer, partially filled with flowing liq, is cleaned by placing a cleaning member therein. The cleaning member rolls freely along the bottom portion of the sewer at a lower speed than the flowing liquid. The interior of the cleaning member contains a braking material and throttle structure which tend to reduce the rolling speed of the cleaning member. The cleaning member has an asymmetrical outer surface formed by a plurality of non-intersecting ribs which are asymmetrical with respect to all meridian planes defined by a plurality of rolling meridians along which the cleaning member can roll. This asymmetrical outer surface structure induces a corresponding asymmetric liquid flow around the cleaning member and downstream thereof; thereby laterally deflecting the downstream flow and suspended contaminants out of the rolling path of the cleaning member.

Abstract: A light conductor wherein one of its opposite ends is divided in a plurality of separated strands, each of which is coordinated with a specific one of a plurality of regions at the other end arranged in any desired pattern and a method for producing such a light conductor.

Abstract: Compositions for inhibiting cell growth, particularly compositions for the reatment of virus infections, are provided comprising the nucleoside 2'-azido-2'-desoxycytidine.

Abstract: A drug for stimulating the rate of proliferation of liver cells having as s active ingredient a blood plasma extract (NP) and a method of preparing such a drug wherein blood plasma is first acidified to a pH of 5.5, then heat denatured at approximately 95.degree. C. and subsequently centrifuged to provide the extract.

Abstract: An interferometer system for measuring the wavelength of laser light or and other optical radiation comprises an interferometer with a radiation input for a reference beam of a given wavelength, a sample radiation input for a sample beam of unknown wavelength, and a beam splitter for splitting up an incoming beam into two part-beams, and a system for changing the optical lengths of two part-beam optical paths as used by the reference beam and, parallel to it, the beam whose wavelength is to be measured. There is furthermore a detector for converting output beams from the interferometer into representative electrical signals and a signal processing circuit coupled to the detector means.Furthermore in the part-beam paths there is an optical part in the form of a parallelepipedic transparent body able to be rotated for the changing of the lengths of the paths of the beams in relation to each other, and a reflector system for reflecting back the part-beams, coming from the turning part, back into themselves.

Abstract: The concentration of a substance of interest is measured by exposing a peable-membrane face of an indicator chamber containing an indicator to the substance, monochromator radiation being incident upon the indicator through a transparent wall of the indicator chamber, the exiting radiation being received by a light-metering unit for ascertainment of the effect upon the indicator's absorbence of fluorescence of the substance of interest. The indicator substance is additionally exposed to a reference substance of known concentration which is permitted to engage the indicator substance by diffusion through such permeable membrane, in order that the indicator be calibrated.

Abstract: The invention provides a method of performing a unidimensional and bidimeonal microgel electrophoresis which method comprises first performing a unidimensional microgel electrophoresis in a capillary gel and then removing the capillary gel from its capillary tube, wherein a capillary gel rodlet obtained after said unidimensional microgel electrophoresis is disposed along one side edge of a capillary gel slab and bound to the latter and then performing the second dimension of the bidimensional microgel electrophoresis in the capillary gel slab.

Abstract: The heat collector system comprises a heat collector connected to a heat p. The heat collector has an inlet conduit and contains a heat transmitting fluid and is effective to take radiation heat from the environment. The heat collector has a structural configuration effective to additionally absorb convection heat as a convector which causes a good heat transmission between the ambient air and the heat transmitting fluid. A rated and controlled cooling device is connected to the heat conduit of the heat collector. The cooling device is effective to supply fluid to the heat collector at a temperature below the temperature of the ambient air. Further features of the invention include a regulating device effective to regulate the difference in temperature between the temperature of the ambient air and the cooling temperature.

Abstract: A sintered ceramic body of high toughness, consisting of an isotropic ceramic matrix (e.g. Al.sub.2 O.sub.3) and at least one therein-dispersed phase (ZrO.sub.2, HzO.sub.2) of ceramic embedment material formed from a powder consisting of particles having an average diameter from 0.3 to 1.25 .mu.m, wherein the ceramic embedment material is present in different enantiotropic solid modifications at the firing temperature of the ceramic body and below the firing temperature, whose densities are substantially different, and the ceramic body is shot through with extremely fine microfractures in high density.

Abstract: A spectral photometer emits light towards an object of interest, receives e light reflected back from the object of interest, and includes a timer or synchronizer operative for causing the spectral photometer to produce an output signal whose successive values correspond to the intensity of the spectrum derived from the object of interest at successive wavelengths. The spectral photometer output signal is applied to an oscilloscope for display of the thusly generated spectrum. The oscilloscope screen is provided with interpretation marks at characteristic points of the displayed spectrum, either by providing such marks on a transparent plate mounted in front of the screen, or by applying to the oscilloscope signals causing the scope itself to generate these marks. These marks may be curves shaped and located to be intersected by both maxima of an oxygenated-hemoglobin spectrum irrespective of the degree of oxygenation.

Abstract: In an indicator chamber (e.g., optode) arrangement including an indicator d a membrane which surrounds it and is impermeable to it, a carrier substance is provided within said membrane for transport of particles to be measured into the indicator chamber. Said carrier is mobile within said membrane. This improvement allows for the preparation of highly selective indicator arrangements and broadens the range of applicability of the method of measurement.

Abstract: A field emission cathode affording multiple emitting points, formed by a tiplicity of carbon fibers mounted on a conductive base, preferably in spaced clusters of about one thousand or more fibers, and projecting from the base to afford a multiplicity of emission points at the fiber tips. The fibers are in a range of diameters of about two to ten microns. As applied to an electron impact ion source for an instrument such as a mass spectrometer or molecular beam detector, the cathode is of annular configuration, incorporated in an electrode assembly comprising, radially inwardly of the assembly, the cathode, an extraction grid, a retardation grid and an ionization cage.

Abstract: In order to improve the selectivity of an indicator chamber or optode conting of an indicator and a membrane impermeable to the indicator and surrounding it, for use in the measurement of concentration of component particles by means of an optical light measurement system including a light source, a light receiver and a readout device, a substance which reacts with the particle to be measured is provided within the indicator chamber, and the reaction product then modifies the optical properties of the indicator.

Abstract: In a device for determining the influence of physical parameters on the lth of a path, an elastically stretchable optical fiber is guided with minimal pretensioning along the path which is subjected to length changes. The optical fiber is mounted at least sectionally on supports subjected to positional changes with changes in the length of the path. A transit-time measuring device is also provided as part of the measuring device together with the optical fiber. The transit-time measuring device includes a light-pulse repeater forming a closed signal path with the optical fiber. The repeater generates signal pulses circulating in the signal path with the periodicity of the signal circulation time of the signal path. From an electronically measured total travel time through the closed signal path and a total number of which signal pulses the electrical display signal can then be derived to determine the length and change in length of the path being measured.

Abstract: An improved normal or superconductive field coil constructed so that individual coils are both axially and radially stable. The individual coils are provided with a holding cylinder at each end with the conductor ends being fixed to the holding cylinder. In another embodiment an electrically insulating, reinforcing cylinder is fixed to the outer periphery of the coil.