Abstract: Pharmaceutical compositions comprising as the active ingredient an ether-olecithin of the formula ##STR1## wherein R is alkyl of at least 12 and preferably 18 carbon atoms; the compositions are useful for enhancing the natural resistance of the mammalian organism against non-carcinogenic pathogens.

Abstract: The tridecapeptide having the general formula L-leucyl-L-glutamyl-L-glutamyl-L-glutamyl-L-glutamyl-L-glutamyl-L-alanyl-L -tyrosylglycyl-L-tryptophyl-L-leucyl-L-asparagyl-L-phenylalanineamide, or a salt or protected derivative thereof. Such tridecapeptide has gastrin activity. A process of preparation of such tridecapeptide, a process of use of it, and thereapeutic or diagnostic agents incorporating it.

Abstract: Improvement in a method for the fractionation and separation of proteins by dsorption on an organic gel and elution with a descending ammonium sulfate gradient, the improvement comprising treating a solution of the proteins with ammonium sulfate down to a concentration which is from 5 to 15% below the concentration normally required for protein precipitation, mixing the solution obtained with unsubstituted agarose gel, whereby the protein is precipitated onto the agarose gel, and then fractionally eluting the latter, preferably with a linearly descending gradient.

Abstract: A fluorescent screen whose fluorescent material is a pure rare earth compd such as a compound of the formulas (A.sub.2 O).sub.a (Ln.sub.2 O.sub.3).sub.b (P.sub.2 O.sub.5).sub.c, (Ln.sub.2 O.sub.3).sub.p (Al.sub.2 O.sub.3).sub.q (B.sub.2 O.sub.3).sub.r, or LnZrF.sub.7 wherein a is zero or an integer greater than zero, b, c, p, q, and r are integers greater than zero, A is at least one alkali metal, and Ln is at least one rare earth metal.

Abstract: A stand, for holding cans for pipettes used in laboratory work, provides support of a plurality of cans in a horizontally and vertically spaced arrangement. The stand is portably and the cans, while readily removably from the stand, may be transported while in the stand. The cans are held at a slight angle to the horizontal when the stand is in use to provide ready access to the pipettes.

Abstract: A method for simultaneous qualitative and quantitative analysis of antigens r antigen-effective substances in a sample provides placing the sample in a carrier medium through which it migrates toward a plurality of physically separate carrier strips. The medium on each strip contains a quantity of a specific ingredient, for example an antibody, which is expected to undergo a specific immunoreaction with one of the constituents in the sample, thereby producing a visible precipitate. The dimensions of the final precipitate then permit a direct measurement of the identified substance. A known concentration of a calibrating substance may be added to the sample to provide for calibration precipitates in the various strips. The apparatus for practicing the method includes a base plate on which the neutral, antibody-free carrier medium as well as the various strips containing media with antibodies or other immunoreactive ingredients are located.

Abstract: A photo multiplier tube is connected through a wave shaping and coupling cuit to an evaluation circuit; to provide for simple evaluation, for example, in an integrator, the coupling and wave shaping circuit includes an amplifier and a limiter, preferably a Zener diode connected through suitable coupling resistors to the integrator. Switches are provided to close the circuit from the photomultiplier tube (PMT) to the integrator, connected with a photon emission event trigger circuit so that, under non-event producing conditions, the integrator is disconnected from the PMT to prevent evaluating and possibly indicating spurious dark current noise pulses.

Abstract: The present invention is concerned with an imaging system for the self-imaging of objects, using optical waveguides comprising reflecting boundary surfaces, and satisfying the imaging condition L.lambda. = 4hN.sub..mu. W.sup.2.sub.eq, wherein L is the axial distance between the object and the self-image, W.sub.eg is a typical transverse dimension of the waveguide having an effective refractive index N.sub..mu., and .lambda. is the operational wavelength, and h is an integer for single imaging and not an integer for multiple imaging.Many embodiments of dielectric thin film waveguides are described which have the purpose of self-imaging very small objects with good levels of resolution. Magnification or reduction by means of the imaging system are also provided for.

Abstract: The nitrogen content of a substance is determined by digesting the substa in a sealed container at superatmospheric pressure in a liquid acid medium until the nitrogen is converted to ammonium ions, the medium is alkalinized, and the ammonia liberated thereby is driven from the alkalinized medium into an acidic aqueous medium by steam distillation in a closed system in which the steam used is generated from the acidic aqueous medium. The latter then is adjusted to a weakly alkaline pH, and the ammonia present is oxidized to nitrogen by hypobromite ions electrolytically generated from bromide ions in the adjusted solution. The amount of current consumed is determined as a measure of the nitrogen originally present.

Abstract: Upright bores in a unitary plastic block are connected by respective hoses nd column heads to a multiple-tube peristaltic pump for simultaneous supply of liquid to be chromatographed on ion exchange resin in the bores. The hoses are attached to a common carrier for the several heads and sealed to the columns by pressing the carrier toward the block. The columns are eluted simultaneously by pumped liquid, and the eluates are collected in vessels on a common support.

Abstract: A reaction kinetics measuring system which provides for the application of great variety of reaction initiating methods, as temperature or pressure or electrical field jump methods, mixing methods, flash photolysis method, and combinations of said methods, and for various optical detection methods, as absorption or fluorescence or scattered light or polarized light detection methods. The system features quickly and easily interchangeable optical elements in a number of optical paths, and a multitude of selectively usable measuring cells to adapt the system to the reaction initiating and detection methods used so that reliable and exactly reproducible results are obtained, which are comparable even if obtained under widely differing conditions.

Abstract: A composite material for recording holograms with infrared radiation. The terial includes a substrate and an IR-absorbing recording layer. Infrared radiation is absorbed by the recording layer whereupon the optical thickness of recording layer is changed in the areas exposed to infrared radiation.

Abstract: An apparatus for investigating the course of fast chemical reactions in lid chemical systems, using optical detection and an external perturbation, especially by the temperature-jump method. The optical part of the apparatus comprises first and second light paths conveying a probing light beam and a sense light beam, respectively, and an optical lens system of extremely high aperture for measurements of absorption, fluorescence, and fluorescence polarization. The opto-electronic detection system comprises individual photodetector heads and a signal processing unit wherein special circuits for electronic division, zero-correction, large aperture error correction, and signal coupling eliminate disturbing signal components, reduce inherent errors of electronic signal processing, and simplify operation of the apparatus.

Abstract: To permit X-ray analysis of crystals, selectively, with respect to both pession and rotation, without repositioning of the crystal and disturbance of crystal position, a goniometer head is located in the path of a primary X-ray beam and connected to a shaft which can be stepped in rotary movement by selective engagement through precision precession drive gearing. To prevent accidental engagement of the precession drive gearing, interlocks are provided to disable energization of the motor when rotation crystal diffraction tests are being made and the shaft is locked in position by a locking screw.

Abstract: An apparatus for investigating the properties of particles held in liquid spension using the Coulter process, U.S. Pat. No. 2,656,508, wherein the flowrate of the particle suspension into the particle-free electrolyte carrier depends on the pressure difference between these two liquids. This pressure difference is made readily adjustable by setting the height of the level of the electrolyte by means of a separate, vertically movable chamber attached with a flexible lead to the main measuring chamber. The main measuring chamber is closed to the atmosphere, permitting maintenance of a pressure differential with respect to the atmosphere and with respect to the particle suspension.

Abstract: A gas containing an active iodine compound is circulated through a laser tube, a purifying device and a gas reconstitution device. The active compound is consumed by lasing in the laser tube, waste products of the lasing action are removed by the purifying device and the gas reconstitution device maintains the concentration of the active compound at an operational level.

Abstract: In a procedure for performing a continuous, free-film deflection electropesis in which a narrow stream of a sample mixture is introduced into a thin strip of a buffer solution flowing through a separating chamber while an electric field is applied transversely to the flow direction, band broadening of the sample stream fractions is reduced by providing suitably selected values for the temperature gradient in the chamber and the wall zeta. Additional improvements are achieved by constructing the buffer solution flow path in the region of sample introduction in order to increase the buffer solution velocity thereat.

Abstract: Electrochemical cells utilize crystalline chalcogen halides as solid eleclytes. Processes for the manufacture of the chalcogen halides and of the solid electrolyte cells are disclosed.

Abstract: An apparatus for investigating the course of fast chemical reactions, which are initiated in a liquid chemical system under investigation by an external perturbation, e.g. a steep temperature rise (temperature jump). The apparatus comprises first and second light paths conveying a probing light beam and a sense light beam, respectively, and an optical system of extremely high aperture which allows a wide variety of types of measurements, including absorption, fluorescence, fluorescence polarization, and the like with a high signal-to-noise ratio even if small sample concentrations are used.

Abstract: For dark-field imaging of the specimen, a scanning corpuscular-beam micrope is equipped with multiple annular apertures located between the beam source and the specimen on the one hand and between the specimen and the detector on the other hand. The areas of the multiple annular apertures conjointly i.e. complementarily cover the ray path. The aperture situated in front of the detector is surrounded by a wide, radiation-transmitting region. The invention affords utilizing for the generation of the image not only the rays scattered outside of the aperture cone but also a large part of the rays scattered within this cone.