Abstract: A fiber-optic circuit element is provided of the type for coupling signal ght from a first optical fiber to at least one second optical fiber wherein at least one of the optical fibers has a free end which is controllably movable to be in or out of alignment with the other fibers. Movement of the free end of the fiber is achieved by an expansion layer applied to the fiber and acting as a heatable bimetallic element. Heating of the expansion layer can be achieved by absorption of electromagnetic radiation, including an independent source of control light and/or a portion of the signal light itself. Electrical heating mechanisms can also be used. This circuit element can be advantageously used without limit in optical switches, astable multivibrators, bistable multivibrators, optical resonators, and environmental temperature and pressure detectors.

Abstract: An apparatus for performing at least two measurements of characteristics in suspension of particles, including two chambers separated by a measuring orifice through which the suspension of particles flows in response to a pressure difference between the two chambers. A glass plate is disposed a short distance beyond the measuring orifice in the direction of flow and at right angles to the direction of flow, and diverts the flow at substantially right angles to its flow direction through the measuring orifice. An optical measuring device is provided and situated coaxially with the flow through the measuring orifice and downstream of the glass plate. The optical measuring device produces an irradiation of the particles in suspension and the fluorescence thereby induced is measured. Another measurement is achieved by measuring a voltage pulse utilizing a pair of electrodes, one in each of the two chambers. The voltage pulse is varied as a function of the particle size passing the measuring orifice.

Abstract: Pentaphosphates of the formula XP.sub.5 O.sub.14, wherein X is a rare earth metal, respond to incident ionizing radiation by emitting secondary electromagnetic radiation which may be visible or may be made visible by doping with other rare earth metal pentaphosphates or mixtures of Mn and Sb ions. The pentaphosphates of Ce and Pr respond quickly to cessation of incident radiation so that they are used to advantage in scintillators.

Abstract: Process for preparing a vehicle substance capable of covalent bonding with iological material, especially enzymes, by reacting a matrix containing --OH or NH.sub.2 groups with an organic diisocyanate under anhydrous conditions. The distance between the matrix and biological material may be extended by a stepwise reaction of the matrix with an organic diisocyanate, and organic spacer containing two or more --OH and/or NH.sub.2 groups and again with an organic diisocyanate. The coupling of the vehicle material with biological material takes place in buffered aqueous solution.

Abstract: To provide for effective doping and obtain substantial conductivity change in amorphous semiconductor material, typically silicon, a body of said material is raised to a temperature above about 20.degree. C. and below the recrystallization temperature, for example in the range of between 100.degree. C., preferably above 200.degree.-250.degree. C. and below about 450.degree. C. during the ion implantation. The doping ions are, for example for silicon, of groups III and V of the periodic system, particularly boron and phosphorus. Semiconductor junctions can be made by this process by selectively doping spatially limited regions of the semiconductor body to thereby produce semiconductor components by doping with ions of different characteristics, for example of different conductivity type.

Abstract: An improved valve arrangement for distributing liquid and/or gaseous subsces from a plurality of substance storing vessels to a processing vessel utilizing fluidic pressure control valves. A common conduit line runs through a block and has an output end connectable to a receiving vessel, the line has a series of openings along one surface of the block. Flexible membranes disposed above the openings of the common conduit line and similar openings in the block surface connected to the supply conduit lines control the fluid communication between the supply conduits and the common conduit.

Abstract: A particle sorting and analyzing apparatus operating on the Coulter prince, with two chambers containing an electrolyte which is caused to flow through an orifice connecting the two chambers. The particles to be analyzed are introduced into the first chamber just ahead of the orifice. An electric field is established in the electrolyte by two electrodes, located in the first and second chamber, respectively. After passing out of the second chamber through an atomizing nozzle, selected droplets containing particles are charged and then deflected. The electrical currents generated by the charging processes are kept from interacting with the measuring currents by a third electrode, located in the second chamber in the vicinity of the nozzle and kept at the same potential as the other electrode in the second chamber. The third electrode effectively short-circuits the current path in the second chamber and grounds out spurious electrical disturbances.

Abstract: Novel dyestuffs comprising at least one laser dyestuff radical and at least one fluorescent dyestuff radical, where the fluorescent range of the fluorescent dyestuff radical overlaps the absorption range of the laser dyestuff radical and is linked with the laser dyestuff radical directly or via a bridge member having a length of at most 20 A in such a manner that the .pi. electron systems of the individual radicals are decoupled, are outstandingly effective and long lived when used in dyestuff lasers. The dyestuffs can be of the formula:X--(CR.sub.1 R.sub.2).sub.n --X--[(CR.sub.1 R.sub.2).sub.n --X].sub.mwhereinN is 0 or an integer from 1 up to a number corresponding to a chain length of 20 A,m is 0, 1, 2 or 3,X is a laser dyestuff radical L or a fluorescent dyestuff radical F andR.sub.1 and R.sub.

Abstract: Propane-1,3-diol phosphatides of the formula ##STR1## are prepared from the corresponding 1-alkanoyl-propanediols by conversion o an intermediate alkanoyl-propanediol-phosphoric acid .beta.-bromoethyl ester with .beta.-bromoethylphosphoric acid dichloride, and amination of the intermediate. They are biodegradable surfactants useful in detergent compositions and as emulsifiers in foods. In the formula, n is an integer and 9 to 25, R.sub.1 and R.sub.2 may be hydrogen or alkyl having up to six carbon atoms, and R.sub.3, R.sub.4, R.sub.5 may be hydrogen or methyl, but at least one of R.sub.3, R.sub.4, and R.sub.5 is hydrogen when R.sub.1 and R.sub.2 are both hydrogen.

Abstract: Synthetic alkylesters of phospholipid acid, the structural analogues ther, their physiologically acceptable salts as well as a process for preparing them and their use.

Abstract: Synthetic phospholipids having a varying phosphorus-nitrogen distance and a rocess for their manufacture are disclosed.

Abstract: The present specification describes a method for pumping molecular hydrogen n a hydrogen laser. The pumping is carried out via noble gas atoms which are in a metastable state of excitation and preferably ionized. A hydrogen laser operating in accordance with this method comprises a gas filling including molecular hydrogen as a laser medium and at least one noble gas, preferably argon, and pumping means adapted to produce noble gas atoms which are in a metastable state of excitation, preferably metastable argon ions.

Abstract: A flow passage for a flowable medium is bounded by a wall, and located in e flow passage are one or more devices which suppress the occurrence of such flow conditions in the medium as would tend to cause the development of vibrations in the flowable medium and in the walls surrounding the flow passage.

Abstract: A reflector of an optical system has its position controlled by piezoelecc devices operating at three points of the reflector disposed at the apices of an equilateral triangle. These are driven by summing amplifiers each of which has an input to which a signal for producing displacement of the reflector without change of tilt is provided and one or more inputs connected to the output of a matrix circuit responsive to signals for producing tilt of the reflector about two mutually perpendicular axes both perpendicular to the direction of displacement produced by the previously mentioned inputs.

Abstract: 2'-Substituted-D-ribofuranosyl purine compounds, especially 2'-azido-D-riuranosyl purine compounds, of the formula ##STR1## in which R.sub.1 is azide, amino, halogen or alkoxy, andR.sub.2 is the residue of a purine base and particularly a 9-adenyl group, a 7-guanyl group, or a 9-guanyl group (the waved lines in formula I above show that R.sub.2 can be bound in the .alpha.- or .beta.-configuration),Are prepared by a process comprising(a) reacting a uridine derivative with an alkali azide (when R.sub.1 is to be azide or, through further conversion, an amine group) or a halide (when R.sub.1 is halogen) or with an alkylating agent (when R.sub.

Abstract: Carrier ampholyte mixtures are prepared by reaction between organic amino imino compounds and unsaturated carboxylic acid esters followed by hydrolysis.

Abstract: To investigate fast chemical reactions and to obtain an optical output sil, a measuring cell holding a liquid sample is formed with at least two optical windows sealed to a sample chamber to permit placing the sample chamber in the path of an optical detection beam. A pressure generator, for example a liquid being applied against the sample with the interposition of a separating membrane applies pressure on the sample, the pressure then being suddenly released and chemical reactions upon change in pressure optically evaluated by detection of changes in the optical beam.

Abstract: Neodymium ultraphosphates having the formulaMe.sub.x Nd.sub.1-x P.sub.5 O.sub.14wherein Me represents scandium, gallium, yttrium, indium, lanthanum, cerium, gadolinium, lutetium, thallium and/or uranium, and x is a number between 0 and 0.999, in the form of untwinned crystals, are prepared by heating Nd.sub.2 O.sub.3 and Me.sub.2 O.sub.3 in a vessel consisting of fine gold or of an inert, dense, carbon-based material with an excess of high-purity, anhydrous phosphoric acid or diphosphoric or polyphosphoric acid at a temperature between about 500.degree. and 600.degree. C, until the desired crystal size is achieved and then separating excess phosphoric acid or polyphosphoric acid, as the case may be.

Abstract: A radiation detector such as a proportional counter produces pulses of wh the peak voltage is representative of radiation energy and the pulse rate is representative of radiation intensity. These pulses are sorted out according to peak voltage and the pulses in each peak voltage range are individually counted. Each channel has an AND-gate with one input receiving a signal from a flipflop which is set when a differential amplifier of that channel detects an input pulse voltage exceeding a predetermined bias and the AND-gate also has another input connected to the negative output of the flipflop of the next higher channel. The bias voltage of differential amplifiers sets the lower threshold of each channel, of which the upper threshold is the lower threshold of the next higher channel. When a transfer pulse is applied to the AND-gates, only the counter of the channel for the range within which the peak voltage of the detected pulse lies receives a pulse.

Abstract: The oxygen concentration (partial pressure) in a perfused medium, such as man tissue through which blood is perfused, is measured polarographically. The polarographic measurement process itself consumes oxygen, and tends to yield a read-out lower than the true concentration. Non-zero perfusion tends to replenish the consumed oxygen, thus counteracting the too low read-out, but the read-out is still lower than the true concentration. The uncorrected oxygen measurement is corrected by one factor to simulate a condition wherein perfusion is zero but oxygen consumption is non-zero, and by a second factor to simulate a condition in which the perfusion has its actual value but oxygen consumption is zero, thereby yielding an accurate oxygen read-out. A switchover device connects a polarography electrode and a reference electrode across a hydrogen-generating unit, and then a polarograhic hydrogen-measuring unit, and then a polarographic oxygen-measuring unit, in succession.