Abstract: In an orientation division type liquid crystal display device for widen a viewing angle of a display pixel of an active matrix type liquid crystal color display device having a COT structure, pixel color layers (6B, 6R, 6G) as color filters and pixel electrodes 3 are formed on a substrate on the side of the pixel electrodes and slopes 13 are provided along four side peripheries of each pixel electrode. Liquid crystal molecules 8 between each pixel electrode of the pixel electrode substrate and a common electrode of an opposing substrate are controlled in orientation direction along the slopes to divide it to a plurality of directions to thereby widen a viewing angle of a pixel display.

Abstract: A reflective or semi-transmissive type LCD device reduces a moiré generated by the irregularity pattern of the reflector plate of the LCD panel. A front light has an optical guide plate in which prism grooves are arranged in an arrangement direction. The pattern of the reflector plate is formed by blocks, each of which includes a basic irregularity pattern for one pixel or its element, and (N?1) modified basic irregularity pattern or patterns, each formed by modifying the basic irregularity pattern. All the basic irregularity patterns in each block are arranged in a direction perpendicular to the arrangement direction. The basic irregularity pattern is continuous at either end thereof in the arrangement direction. The basic irregularity pattern is divided in the arrangement direction into N sub-patterns. Each of the (N?1) modified basic irregularity patterns is formed by the N sub-patterns circularly shifted one by one.

Abstract: A projection type liquid crystal display unit includes (a) a first frame (13) having a first surface (15) formed with a first opening (13a), (b) a second frame (12) having a second surface formed with a second opening (12a), and (c) a liquid crystal display panel (11) sandwiched between the first and second frames (13, 12) such that an incident light passes through the second opening (12a), the liquid crystal display panel (11) and the first opening (13a) in this order. The first and second frames (13, 12) are both composed of resin, and the first surface (15) of the first frame (13) is roughened.

Abstract: A LCD device is provided. On the input side, the collimated-light generator generates collimated light from incident light and then, the first polarizer plate of the first polarized-light controller generates first polarized light from the collimated light. The first quarter wavelength plate of the first polarized-light controller generates second polarized light from the first polarized light. The second polarized light thus generated passes through the liquid crystal layer to reach the output side. On the output side, the second polarized light passes through the second quarter wavelength plate of the second polarized-light controller and the second quarter wavelength plate thereof. Thus, the polarization state of the second polarized light is returned to its original one.

Abstract: An in-plane switching mode active matrix type liquid crystal display device includes a first substrate, a second substrate located opposing the first substrate, and a liquid crystal layer sandwiched between the first and second substrates. The first substrate includes a thin film transistor, a pixel electrode each associated to a pixel to be driven, a common electrode to which a reference voltage is applied, data lines, a scanning line, and common electrode lines. Molecular axes of liquid crystal are rotated in a plane parallel with the first substrate by an electric field substantially parallel with a plane of the first substrate to thereby display certain images. The common electrode is composed of transparent material, and are formed on a layer located closer to the liquid crystal layer than the data lines. The common electrode entirely overlaps the data lines except an area where the data lines are located in the vicinity of the scanning line.

Abstract: A projection type liquid crystal display unit includes (a) a first frame (13) having a first surface (15) formed with a first opening (13a), (b) a second frame (12) having a second surface formed with a second opening (12a), and (c) a liquid crystal display panel (11) sandwiched between the first and second frames (13, 12) such that an incident light passes through the second opening (12a), the liquid crystal display panel (11) and the first opening (13a) in this order. The first and second frames (13, 12) are both composed of resin, and the first surface (15) of the first frame (13) is roughened.

Abstract: A direct backlight includes a plastic spacer pin. The spacer pin is formed of a semispherical portion and a conical frustum portion. The spacer pin is disposed such that the thicker end of the conical frustum portion is coupled to the bottom surface of the chassis, with the semispherical portion placed to face a diffuser plate. The radius of curvature of the tip of the semispherical portion is 0.3 mm to 1 mm. The diameter of the end of the conical frustum portion on the semispherical portion side is 1.1 mm to 2 mm. The ratio (L/B) is less than 5 where L is the length of the spacer pin and B is the diameter of the thicker end of the conical frustum portion.

Abstract: To provide an active matrix liquid crystal display unit in which a wiring break at the intersection of drain wiring and gate wiring is prevented with reliability. One or more recesses extending along drain wiring and having a depth equal to or greater than the width of the drain wiring are formed in at least one side of gate wiring at an area near an intersection of the gate wiring and the drain wiring. Furthermore, the gate wiring is composed of two layers of Mo and Al, for example, and the side faces of the gate wiring are tapered. The recesses having a sufficient depth formed in the gate wiring at the area near the intersection with the drain wiring adequately elongate the etchant penetration path.

Abstract: A method of fabricating a thin film transistor includes the steps of (a) forming an amorphous silicon film containing hydrogen therein, on a substrate composed of resin, and (b) irradiating laser beams to the amorphous silicon film at an intensity equal to or smaller than a threshold intensity at which the amorphous silicon film is crystallized. For instance, the step (a) includes the steps of forming the amorphous silicon film on the resin substrate by sputtering, and doping hydrogen ions into the amorphous silicon film.

Abstract: To provide a liquid crystal display apparatus exhibiting optimum display performance despite reduction in the number of PR(photolithography) processes, and a method for producing the apparatus. A method for producing a liquid crystal display apparatus having a first substrate including a thin film transistor and a reflector on an insulating substrate. An etching mask is formed on a metal layer formed on the insulating substrate and, using this etching mask, the metal layer is etched to form a constituent portion of the thin film transistor and protrusions. Only the etching mask is caused to reflow to cover exposed surface portions of the constituent portion of the thin film transistor and protrusions and near-by surface portions of the insulating substrate with the etching mask as the insulating substrate is partially exposed. Using the etching mask, recesses are formed in an exposed area of the insulating substrate. A reflector is formed on the protrusions and recesses.

Abstract: A control circuit receives the digital input data of n-bit and controls horizontal drivers so as to provide a liquid crystal panel with voltage corresponding to the input data during a 1H cycle based on standard voltage. In addition, the control circuit creates gradation data by inverting each bit of the input data and controls the horizontal drivers so as to provide the liquid crystal panel with voltage in response to the output gradation data during the subsequent 1H cycle. In this case, gradation-? correction voltage relation is symmetrical with respect to a point in the center between the top gradation step and the bottom gradation step.

Abstract: A reflection type liquid crystal display device having excellent display capability even if the number of the photolithography process is reduced and a process for producing the device. A process includes the steps of (a) forming a source/drain wiring by using a first mask; (b) forming a thin film transistor region and gate wiring by using a second mask; (c) forming an opening for a transistor, in a passivation film by using a third mask; (d) forming a rough surface of the interlayer insulating film and to form an opening for the transistor by using a fourth mask by halftone exposure, and (e) forming a reflective metal which extend through the respective openings for the transistor in the passivation film and the interlayer insulating film so that it is electrically connected to the source wiring by using a fifth mask.

Abstract: An active matrix type liquid crystal display device in the lateral electric field system is disclosed, in which a high aperture factor is ensured even in a narrow pitch case, while also ensuring high contract and reduced vertical stroke is disclosed. In a liquid crystal display device, in which substantially bank-like third insulating film 208 is formed a video signal line 204 and covered by a common electrode 210, a light shield electrode 213 is formed underneath an extension of a common electrode 210 from an edge of a video signal line 204. With this arrangement, a liquid crystal display device is realized, which shields light from the sides of a step part as well as ensuring high aperture factor and high contrast.

Abstract: A housing for holding and fixing components of a liquid crystal display device is composed of a pair of frame members each having the same shape. Four sides of the side face of each frame member are formed such that an outer face section positioned at the outer side when combined and an inner face section positioned at the inner side when combined are stepped to each other, and a cut section is formed between the outer face section and the inner face section. The side face section of the frame member of the housing is formed to be stepped as described above, so that the strength and assembling property are enhanced, thereby being capable of preventing deterioration in display quality caused by the displacement of the position and space of the components.

Abstract: In a liquid crystal panel, a color filter substrate and an array substrate are provided in parallel with each other, and a liquid crystal layer is sealed therebetween. In the color filter substrate, a black matrix made of a resin and color filters are provided on a transparent substrate. In the array substrate, a pixel circuit is provided on a transparent substrate. The pixel circuit includes a gate interconnection, a gate insulating film, a semiconductor region, a drain interconnection, a passivation film, a pixel electrode, and the like. The sum of the step heights on the surfaces of the color filter substrate and the array substrate both facing the liquid crystal layer is 0.83 ?m, and the pre-tilt angle of the liquid crystal layer is set to 4 degrees or more.

Abstract: The present invention provides a liquid crystal display apparatus of a lateral direction electric field drive type comprising an array substrate including a plurality of TFTs each having a gate electrode, a gate insulation film, a semiconductor layer, and a source electrode/drain electrode formed on a transparent substrate and an opposing substrate arrange so as to oppose to the array substrate, wherein the semiconductor layer has a width in the gate length direction identical to the gate length.

Abstract: There is provided a liquid crystal display device comprising a plurality of pixels arranged in a matrix form, each of the pixels including a pixel electrode formation area wherein a pixel electrode is formed and a thin film transistor formation area wherein a thin film transistor is formed and connected to the pixel electrode. The thin film transistor having a semiconductor layer serving as a channel, a terminal formed to be connected to the pixel electrode, a passivation layer formed to cover the thin film transistor and an organic insulating layer covering the passivation layer. The semiconductor layer is extended from a channel toward the pixel electrode formation area beyond the terminal and terminated in the pixel electrode formation area to form a termination end that is aligned with a termination end of the passivation layer. The organic insulating layer is elongated to cover the termination ends of the semiconductor layer and the passivation layer.

Abstract: A liquid crystal display device has a fluorescent lamp and a driving circuit as a back light. A closed container, a discharge gas sealed in the closed container, first discharge electrodes, and second discharge electrodes are included in the fluorescent lamp. The driving circuit repeats a first step of causing electric discharge in first discharge areas by applying a voltage having a negative polarity to the first discharge electrodes and a voltage having a positive polarity to the second discharge electrodes, and a second step of causing electric discharge in second discharge areas which are different from the first discharge areas by applying a voltage having a positive polarity to the first discharge electrodes and a voltage having a negative polarity to the second discharge electrodes.

Abstract: A reflective or semi-transmissive type LCD device reduces a moire generated by the irregularity pattern of the reflector plate of the LCD panel. A front light has an optical guide plate in which prism grooves are arranged in an arrangement direction. The pattern of the reflector plate is formed by blocks, each of which includes a basic irregularity pattern for one pixel or its element, and (N?1) modified basic irregularity pattern or patterns each formed by modifying the basic irregularity pattern. All the basic irregularity patterns in each block are arranged in a direction perpendicular to the arrangement direction. The basic irregularity pattern is continuous at either end thereof in the arrangement direction. The basic irregularity pattern is divided in the arrangement direction into N sub-patterns. Each of the (N?1) modified basic irregularity patterns is formed by the N sub-patterns circularly shifted one by one.

Abstract: In a semi-transmissive liquid crystal display device having a reflective region 5 and a transmissive region therein, a one-half wavelength plate 29 is disposed between a lower substrate 11 and a polarizer 21a provided on a side of the lower substrate. This makes liquid crystal molecules in at least the transmissive region 6 driven by a horizontal electric field and allows the device to operate in a normally-black mode in both the reflective region 5 and the transmissive region 6, realizing a semi-transmissive liquid crystal display device having wide viewing angle characteristics.