Abstract: A liquid crystal display device includes (a) a first substrate, (b) a second substrate spaced away from and facing the first substrate, (c) a liquid crystal layer sandwiched between the first and second substrates, (d) a transistor formed on the first substrate, (e) a wiring layer formed on the first substrate and electrically connected to the transistor, (f) a reflection electrode formed on the first substrate, an external incident light being reflected at the reflection electrode towards a viewer, and (g) a compensation layer formed directly on the wiring layer. The reflection electrode does not cover the wiring layer therewith, and the compensation layer has almost the same height as a height of the reflection electrode, the height being measured from a surface of the first substrate.

Abstract: A rubbing device for alignment-treating an alignment layer on a substrate of a liquid crystal display, and the liquid crystal display in which the alignment layer on the substrate is rubbed by using the rubbing device. The rubbing device comprises a rubbing roller having a roller base and a rubbing cloth stuck on the outer surface of the roller base. The rubbing cloth has a plurality of slits formed parallel along the longitudinal direction of the roller base. The rubbing cloth may also comprises a plurality of separate rubbing cloth members which are stuck on the roller base via gaps therebetween and each of which has at least one slit formed parallel along the longitudinal direction of the roller base.

Abstract: A liquid crystal display (LCD) device comprises a first substrate including a thin film transistor (TFT), a second substrate, and a liquid crystal (LC) layer of liquid crystal molecules. The LC layer is interposed by the first and second substrates. The first substrate includes a reflective electrode in a reflective region and a transmissive electrode in a transmissive region. The LC layer includes a first group of liquid crystal molecules aligned in the reflective region to provide a first retardation and a second group of liquid crystal molecules aligned in the transmissive region to provide a second retardation. The second retardation is different from the first retardation.

Abstract: An in-plane switching type liquid crystal display device includes (a) a first substrate on which a plurality of gate lines and a plurality of data lines are formed such that the gate lines are substantially perpendicular to the data lines, and on which at least one pixel electrode and at least one common electrode are alternately formed in each of pixels defined by the gate and data lines, (b) a second substrate facing the first substrate, and (c) a liquid crystal layer sandwiched between the first and second substrates, wherein when a voltage is applied across the pixel electrode and the common electrode, liquid crystal existing on extensions of the data lines are caused to rotate in a plane substantially in parallel with the first substrate. Both the pixel electrode and the common electrode have at least one bending point at which the pixel electrode and the common electrode bend, and are designed to bend such that both an intensity and a direction of a field generated by the voltage successively vary.

Abstract: An OCB type liquid crystal display having first and second substrates opposed to each other via a liquid crystal layer such that rubbing directions of the first and second substrates become parallel to each other, a plurality of pixel electrodes which correspond to respective pixels, and a common electrode formed on the second substrate which receives a reference voltage commonly to a plurality of the pixels. A first transition nucleus area is formed in the first substrate layer and has a plurality of continuous slant surfaces having a saw-tooth cross sectional profile, and a second transition nucleus area is formed in the second substrate and has a plurality of continuous slant surfaces having a saw-tooth cross sectional profile. The slant surfaces in the first and second transition nucleus areas oppose to each other and slope toward mutually opposite angular directions.

Abstract: A method is provided for manufacturing a support frame of a rectangular display panel within a short working time. The method includes a process of taking out L-shaped component members each having convex portions and concave portions arranged alternately at an end portion in a manner that each of the convex portions and concave portions is bilaterally symmetrical, while a shear droop and a burr are formed on an end portion and process of fitting and coupling end portions of L-shaped component members by placing the convex portions and the concave portions in such a manner that the shear droop of each of the convex portions faces the burr of each of the concave portions and the burr of each of the convex portions faces the shear droop of each of the concave portions and that that the convex portions and the concave portions are pushed towards each other and by pressing the convex portions and the concave portions using a pair of metal molds.

Abstract: A display data processing circuit and liquid crystal display device are provided which are capable of performing conversions between input display data and output display data even with reduced memory capacity. The display data processing circuit includes a storing section to store a power value of a decimal portion of a coefficient setting value, processing section to calculate a power value of an integral portion of the coefficient setting value and to perform a multiplication among the value obtained by the calculation, a value read from the storing section, and a number of gray-scale levels of the input display data, and a look-up table to convert a gray-scale value of input display data to a gray-scale value of output display data based on the coefficient setting value by storing values corresponding to all gray-scale values that the input display data can take on and by reading the value obtained from multiplication by the processing section corresponding to gray-scale values of input display data.

Abstract: Liquid crystal in an in-plane switching type active matrix liquid crystal display unit has elastic coefficients K11 and K33 which respectively concern a spray deformation and a bent deformation of the liquid crystal layer, wherein one of the elastic coefficients K11 and K33 is fallen within the range between 6 pN and 25 pN or the range between 5 pN and 20 pN; otherwise, the square root of the product between the elastic coefficients K11 and K33 is fallen within the range between 5 pN and 20 pN, thereby improving the luminance through restricting the spray deformation and/or the bent deformation.

Abstract: A flat organic insulating layer is formed on a substrate provided with thin film transistors by coating and baking. Next, a pulse-shaped laser beam is irradiated on the organic insulating layer and a contact hole and an undulation are formed in and on the organic insulating layer by ablation. The undulation is formed in such a way as to have four or more height levels.

Abstract: In a transflective type LCD provided with a transparent region and a reflection region in each pixel, when an irregular film 11 is formed on an active matrix substrate 12 to form irregularities of a reflection electrode film 6, the irregular film 11 is specifically formed to almost the same film thickness in both the transparent region and the reflection region to provide substantially the same inter-substrate gap in these two regions so that they may have almost the same V-T characteristics and also the reflection electrode film 6 made of Al/Mo is formed so as to overlap with a transmission electrode film 5 made of ITO all around an outer periphery of the transmission electrode film 5 by a width of at least 2 ?m, thus suppressing electric erosion from occurring between the ITO and Al substances at the edge of the transmission electrode film 5.

Abstract: A CF on TFT type liquid crystal display and a method of manufacturing the same. The liquid crystal display has a plurality of parallel scanning lines, a plurality of parallel data lines which cross the scanning lines, thin film transistors each disposed in the proximity of an intersection between one of the scanning lines and one of the data lines, and pixel electrodes disposed in a matrix and each coupled with one of the thin film transistors. The light shield film is formed over areas including at least the thin film transistors but except over portions which become banks and hinder flow of developer for patterning the light shield film. As an embodiment, the light shield film can be formed along the data lines, and also partially along the scanning lines except a part of each portion of the scanning lines between adjacent data lines.

Abstract: An apparatus for supporting a combined substrate structure, comprising first and second substrates combined, includes: level-adjustable supporting mechanisms for supporting plural supporting points of a bottom surface of the combined substrate structure; a level-detecting system for detecting respective levels of corresponding points of a top surface of the combined substrate structure to the plural supporting points of the bottom surface; and a control system for receiving the detected levels from the level-detecting system and for controlling the plurality of level-adjustable supporting mechanism in respective level-adjustment operations in accordance with the detected levels.

Abstract: A signal processing circuit board includes a board body, a variable electronic element, and a hole. The variable electronic element is mounted in a mounting side of the board body. The variable electronic element has an operating member to control an output outputted from the variable electronic element in a single side of the variable electronic element. The hole is provided in the board body. The operating member is positioned in the hole such that the operating member points in the other side opposite to the mounting side of the board body.

Abstract: A liquid-crystal display (LCD) device improves the performance of preventing the elution of impurity contained in the light-shielding layer (and the color layer) of the monochrome or color filter into the liquid crystal, thereby preventing defective operations of the LCD device (e.g., displaying defect) caused by impurity existing in the liquid crystal. The LCD device includes the protection layer made of a transparent organic resin, which satisfies at least one of a condition (a) that the transparent organic resin has a cross-link density of 70% or greater, and a condition (b) that the transparent organic resin has a Vickers hardness of 50 kgf/mm2 or greater. Preferably, an amount of internal impurity of the filter is 3 ng/cm2 or less. It is preferred that at least one selected from the group consisting of an acrylic resin, a styrene resin, and a polyimide resin is used as a base or matrix material of the transparent organic resin.

Abstract: A reflection plate is formed so as to have a wavy surface, and to have uneven distribution of normal line directions of the surface in terms of a specific azimuth angle. The wavy surface is formed due to line-shaped protruding patterns and an insulation film layer. The protruding patterns intersect with one another to form concave portions each having a shape of a closed figure. The protruding patterns are formed by patterning such that they have almost uniform thickness.

Abstract: A method for driving a liquid crystal display, and a driving circuit of the liquid crystal display configured at low costs and being small in size, and an image display device are provided, which are capable of converting an analog and serial video signal having a high resolution into a parallel video signal, which enables high-quality images to be displayed with high resolutions without inconsistencies in displaying. In response to sampling pulses, analog and serial video signal is sequentially sample-held as ten pieces of parallel video signals and four-pieces of continuously sample-held video signals are output simultaneously as four parallel video signals while these signals are held and in response to the sampling pulse by being selected earlier by a delay time in switching of selectors than sampling in the next period is started.

Abstract: An active matrix liquid crystal display panel by which a good display characteristic can be obtained without suffering from gradation reversal over a wide visibility angle range. A liquid crystal layer 4 is formed such that the thickness thereof varies in accordance with transmission wavelengths of color layers 6, 7 and 8 so that a very good display which does not exhibit any coloring in whichever direction it is viewed may be obtained. An active matrix substrate A includes a plurality of opposing electrodes 2, a plurality of pixel electrodes 3 parallel to the opposing electrodes 2, a thin film transistor, and an orientation film 23 all formed on a glass substrate 10. A color filter substrate C includes an orientation film 56 provided on one surface of another glass substrate 10 and an optical compensation layer 35 provided on the other surface of the glass substrate 10 and formed from a plastic film.

Abstract: A structure of the invention is a structure for protecting components mounted on a circuit board mounted on an electronic device such as a liquid crystal display device or the like from an external force, in which a protection cover is freely opened and closed at least at one end of it and fixes at least one end of it to the electronic device side and thereby protects a face of the circuit board opposite to the electronic device from the outside in the minimum height. Therefore, it is possible to suppress an increase in thickness and a rise in manufacturing cost of an electronic device at the utmost.

Abstract: An IPS (In-Plane Switching) liquid crystal display is disclosed that maintains excellent display uniformity and high aperture ratio as well as high yield during fabrication, and that includes a first transparent substrate, a second transparent substrate arranged to confront the first transparent substrate and provided with a second alignment layer, and a liquid crystal component sealed between the first transparent substrate and second transparent substrate. The first transparent substrate is provided with: a transparent insulating substrate, pixel electrodes and common electrodes that are arranged alternately and substantially parallel to each other on the transparent insulating substrate, a plurality of pixels arranged in matrix form, scan lines and switching elements for controlling the electric field applied to the pixel electrodes, signal lines, and a first alignment layer.

Abstract: An OCB (optically compensated bend)-type liquid crystal display device is provided, which possesses high serviceability by suppressing disturbances of the liquid crystal molecules due to nearby electric fields or irregularities of the orientation surface.