Abstract: A relatively small-diameter aperture fluorescent lamp is manufactured easily with high yield and at low cost. An aperture portion is formed in a manner that a thread-like member is inserted into a glass tube having an ultraviolet ray reflection layer and a phosphor layer formed on its inner surface, the glass tube is bent in a predetermined shape by using a bending jig, the thread-like member is pressed to the phosphor layer formed in a predetermined region in the bending member side of the glass tube while both ends thereof are pulled tight, the thread-like member is reciprocated, and phosphor of the phosphor layer in this region is exfoliated.

Abstract: An active matrix substrate of a channel protection type having a gate electrode, a drain electrode and a pixel electrode is isolated in each layer by insulating films. The active matrix substrate is to be prepared by four masks. A gate electrode layer, a gate insulating film and an a-Si layer are processed to the same shape on a transparent insulating substrate to form a gate electrode layer and a TFF area. A drain electrode layer is formed by a first passivation film with the first passivation film formed as an upper layer. In a second passivation film, formed above the first passivation film, are bored a first opening through the first and second passivation films and a second opening through the second passivation film. A wiring connection layer is formed by ITO provided as an uppermost layer.

Abstract: An active matrix substrate plate having superior properties is manufactured at high yield using four photolithographic fabrication steps. In step 1, the scanning line and the gate electrode extending from the scanning line are formed in the glass plate. In step 2, the gate insulation layer and the semiconductor layer comprised by amorphous silicon layer and n+ amorphous silicon layer is laminated to provide the semiconductor layer for the TFT section. In step 3, the transparent conductive layer and the metallic layer are laminated, and the signal line, the drain electrode extending from the signal line, the pixel electrode and the source electrode extending from the pixel electrode are formed, and the n+ amorphous silicon layer of the channel gap is removed by etching. In step 4, the protective insulation layer is formed, and the protective insulation layer and the metal layer above the pixel electrode are removed by etching.

Abstract: A light-reflection type liquid crystal display device includes (a) a liquid crystal display panel, (b) a polarizer mounted on the liquid crystal display panel, (c) a light-guide mounted on the polarizer, (d) a resin layer sandwiched between the polarizer and the light-guide for fixing the polarizer and the light-guide to each other, (e) a light-source arranged adjacent to an end of the light-guide for supplying light to the light-guide, and (f) a frame having a bottom and a wall defining an opening which has the same contour as that of the light-guide. The light-guide is positioned relative to the polarizer by being lowered along an inner wall of the frame through the opening onto the polarizer.

Abstract: An in-plane switching liquid crystal display device is designed in such a way that an angle defined by the lengthwise direction of a common electrode and a pixel electrode and a rubbing direction of an alignment layer is set to 10 to 20°, a cell gap d is set to 2.7 ?m or smaller, the dielectric anisotropy ?? of a liquid crystal constituting a liquid crystal layer is set to 8 to 20, a white voltage Vwhite to be applied to the pixel electrode when displaying white is set to 4 to 7 V, and the white voltage Vwhite (V), the dielectric anisotropy ?? of the liquid crystal, the cell gap d (?m) and an interval L (?m) between the common electrode and the pixel electrode satisfy the following expression. 11.8 > V white d - 0.6 × L 0.5 × ? ? ? ? ? - 0.5 > 9.

Abstract: In a transflective type LCD provided with a transparent region and a reflection region in each pixel, when an irregular film 11 is formed on an active matrix substrate 12 to form irregularities of a reflection electrode film 6, the irregular film 11 is specifically formed to almost the same film thickness in both the transparent region and the reflection region to provide substantially the same inter-substrate gap in these two regions so that they may have almost the same V-T characteristics and also the reflection electrode film 6 made of Al/Mo is formed so as to overlap with a transmission electrode film 5 made of ITO all around an outer periphery of the transmission electrode film 5 by a width of at least 2 ?m, thus suppressing electric erosion from occurring between the ITO and Al substances at the edge of the transmission electrode film 5.

Abstract: In a lateral electric field liquid crystal display device, a major electrode portion for generating a lateral electric field is formed using a layer different from a layer on which other electrodes and lines are formed. In this case, the major portion is formed to have a thickness of {fraction (1/20)} to ? of the thickness of each of the other electrodes and lines. Thus, flatness of a base film of an alignment layer is significantly improved, also alignment layer material can be coated and formed with high flatness on the base film, and rubbing of the alignment layer material can be performed uniformly for the overall substrate surface.

Abstract: In a liquid-crystal display element each individual liquid-crystal injection area is surrounded by a seal, and the overall liquid-crystal injection area is surrounded by an array substrate and an opposing substrate surrounded by an outer peripheral seal having an aperture and are adhered together, the aperture of the outer peripheral seal being sealed by a hole sealant, and the surface of at least one of the array substrate and the opposing substrate being polished with a polishing material, which is then removed, after which cutting along the aperture is done to separate the individual liquid-crystal injection areas, thereby facilitating the achievement of a thin liquid-crystal display element, while improving the quality and yield thereof.

Abstract: In an IPS liquid crystal display device, a reduction in optical leakage from the outer peripheral portion (edge portion) of an electrode pattern in flexed configuration and an improvement in the contrast of display on a screen are intended. An IPS liquid crystal display device of the present invention has a plurality of signal lines and scan lines arranged as a matrix on a TFT substrate, TFT switching elements, and comb-like pixel electrodes connected to the TFT switching elements. In a pixel region, a comb-like common electrode is formed in interdigitated relation with the pixel electrodes. The pixel electrodes, the common electrode, and the signal lines are formed in mutually parallel and flexed configuration at a given angle relative to an optical axis. The outer edge of each of the pixel electrodes, the common electrode, and the signal lines is added with fine stairwise fine stepped portions composed of the same material as composing the electrodes and lines.

Abstract: Prior to converting a non-single crystal material of a semiconductor film into a single crystal material through the use of a laser beam, at least one dopant is introduced into whole of the semiconductor film. Then, the non-single crystal semiconductor film is irradiated with a laser beam to crystallize the semiconductor film. In this case, a ratio between quasi-fermi level of the single crystal material within one of transistor formation regions used to form transistors of different conductivity types and quasi-fermi level of the single crystal material within the other thereof is made to be between 0.5:1 and 2.0:1. Thus, transistors of different conductivity types are formed in the crystallized semiconductor film.

Abstract: A light-reflection type liquid crystal display device includes (a) a liquid crystal display panel, (b) a polarizer mounted on the liquid crystal display panel, (c) a light-guide mounted on the polarizer, (d) a light source arranged adjacent to an end of the light-guide for supplying light to the liquid crystal display panel through the light-guide, (e) an operation panel mounted above the light-guide for operating the light-reflection type liquid crystal display device, (f) a chassis for supporting the liquid crystal display panel therewith, (g) a frame covering the light source therewith, the frame having an opening facing the light-guide, and (h) a shield coupled to the chassis and covering the light-guide therewith except a portion of the light-guide facing the light source, the shield cooperating with the frame to support the operation panel therewith.

Abstract: A reflector is incorporated in a liquid crystal display panel for directing light to an optical path from a lamp to a liquid crystal panel, and a high voltage line is directly connected to an electrode of the lamp, but a low voltage line is connected through a conductive pattern formed on the reflector to the other electrode of the lamp, wherein the conductive pattern is formed from a layer of conductive filler printed on the reflector through thermosetting so that the conductive pattern is thick enough to withstand thermal stress without enlargement of the liquid crystal display unit.

Abstract: A liquid crystal display device is provided in which its cold cathode fluorescent tube serving as a surface light source block can reliably light up and efficiency of feeding light to a liquid crystal panel can be enhanced. When timing signals are fed to frequency setting sections, a frequency of each of driving pulse voltages becomes as high as a frequency being near to a resonant frequency corresponding to a floating capacitance occurring at start time of lighting of backlights and then becomes as low as a frequency being near to a resonant frequency corresponding to floating capacitance occurring at a stabilized period of lighting of the backlights. Therefore, the backlight, even if lighting duration of its cold cathode fluorescent tube is long, lights up reliably and a power factor is improved to improve efficiency of feeding light to the liquid crystal panel.

Abstract: To provide a liquid crystal display apparatus exhibiting optimum display performance despite reduction in the number of PR(photolithography) processes, and a method for producing the apparatus. A method for producing a liquid crystal display apparatus having a first substrate including a thin film transistor and a reflector on an insulating substrate. An etching mask is formed on a metal layer formed on the insulating substrate and, using this etching mask, the metal layer is etched to form a constituent portion of the thin film transistor and protrusions. Only the etching mask is caused to reflow to cover exposed surface portions of the constituent portion of the thin film transistor and protrusions and near-by surface portions of the insulating substrate with the etching mask as the insulating substrate is partially exposed. Using the etching mask, recesses are formed in an exposed area of the insulating substrate. A reflector is formed on the protrusions and recesses.

Abstract: A LCD device that receives curing light sufficiently to thereby realize approximately uniform curing of the material of the sealing member without eliminating the conductive light-blocking members. A first substrate has a display area and a peripheral area located to surround the display area. The display area includes pixels arranged regularly. The peripheral area includes a sealing member, wiring lines connected to the pixels, and conductive light-blocking members. A second substrate is coupled with the first substrate. A liquid crystal layer is formed between the first and second substrates. The sealing member is formed to overlap with the wiring lines and the light-blocking members in such a way that a non-overlapping area of the sealing member with the wiring lines and the light-blocking members is equal to 25% per unit area of the sealing member or greater.

Abstract: An EMI shielding structure comprises a printed circuit having at least one contact protuberance forming part of a ground plane. An EMI shield member is placed in a desired alignment over the printed circuit. The EMI shield member is formed with an aperture receiving the contact protuberance in contact with the aperture defining contact wall so that electric continuity between the EMI shield member and the ground plane is ensured.

Abstract: A method of manufacturing a liquid crystal panel, in which a first seal for surrounding a display area is formed on one of a pair of substrates opposite to each other; a second seal for forming a reduced-pressure area is formed outside the display area; a liquid crystal material is dropped in a reduced-pressure state; thereafter, the other substrate is adhered thereto; and the first and second seals are hardened while pushing the substrates from the outsides thereof in an atmospheric pressure state, thus sealing the liquid crystal material. A dropped area of the liquid crystal material is defined satisfy: 2.5b?a?5b where “a” is an interval between an internal peripheral portion of the first seal and an external peripheral portion, and “b” is an interval between an external peripheral portion of the first seal and an internal peripheral portion of the second seal.

Abstract: A signal processing circuit substrate is formed with a through-hole. A device having a variable value and including an value adjustment portion through which the variable value is adjusted is mounted on a first surface of the signal processing circuit substrate. The signal processing circuit substrate includes a flexible arch-shaped member having a height relative to the first surface of the signal processing circuit substrate. The device is electrically and mechanically fixed onto a lower surface of the member in a floating condition above the signal processing circuit substrate such that the value adjustment portion is in alignment with the through-hole so as to allow the value adjustment portion to be adjusted through the through-hole. The member is fixed at opposite edges onto the first surface of the signal processing circuit substrate.

Abstract: A reflection type liquid crystal display provided with a reflective layer, a coplanar gate electrode, a color filter layer and a transparent pixel electrode and a manufacture method thereof. The reflection type liquid crystal display can be manufactured on the same manufacture line as that of a transmission type liquid crystal display. In order to realize this manufacture method, a photolithography mask capable of forming both a gate electrode and a reflective layer, and a photolithography mask capable of forming only the gate electrode are prepared, and by using either one of the masks, the reflection type liquid crystal display in which both the gate electrode and the reflective layer are formed on a transparent insulation substrate, and the transmission type liquid crystal display in which only the gate electrode is formed, are selectively manufactured.

Abstract: A plurality of connecting terminals 4 orderly arranged in a peripheral portion 2 of a liquid crystal display panel and scan lines derived from a display pixel portion 1 of the liquid crystal display panel are connected by lead wires 3, respectively. Each lead wire 3 includes a meandering portion 3a, an oblique portion extending in nonparallel direction to the scan line and a parallel portion 3c extending in substantially the same direction of the scan line. The meandering portions 3a include a plurality of bent portions, respectively. The number of the bent portions of each meandering portion 3a is regulated correspondingly to a distance between corresponding connecting terminal 4 and wiring of the display pixel portion 1 such that electric resistance of the lead wire 1 becomes within a predetermined range.