Abstract: A self-optimizing channel equalization and detection method and a channel equalizer/detector (14) implementing the method, the method comprising receiving a signal (RFI), taking samples of the signal within each symbol period over a timeslot, calculating reference constellation points within each symbol period on the basis of a channel estimate, updating the channel estimate within each symbol period on the basis of an error between each sample point and the reference constellation point, the error having been processed by one or more adaptivity parameters, and defining, for bit detection, the signal path having the best error metrics in the timeslot on the basis of the error metrics calculated from the sample points on the basis of the channel estimate.

Abstract: The present invention relates to prioritizing special cells in cell selection in a cellular radio network. In a cellular radio network one or more cells provide a subscriber with special services or tariffs not offered to all subscribers. These cells are called subscriber's special cells. The mobile station measures an average reception level and calculates by means of them cell selection parameters on the basis of which the best cell is selected. In accordance with the invention, when the mobile station detects that the cell is one of cells of a special cell list stored in a memory, it checks first if the cell fulfils a minimum requirement of cell selection on the basis of the measured signal level. If the minimum requirement is fulfilled, the mobile station manipulates the calculation of the cell selection parameter of a special cell to the effect that the selection probability of a special cell is improved with respect to a normal cell.

Abstract: In computers (Processor Unit 1, . . . , Processor Unit N) that handle the operation of an ATM switch, applications may communicate with each other by transmitting internal traffic cells to each other, which are transported among other subscriber traffic. By assigning service categories to the applications, which correspond as well as possible to their quality needs, it is possible to optimize the quality of the connection services of internal connections. By setting the traffic parameters of internal traffic individually changeable, internal traffic and subscriber traffic can be integrated in the best possible way. In the preferred embodiment, the service category can be selected connection-specifically. In such a case, each application selects the best possible service category. In the second embodiment, the connection-specific category is selected to be the same for all the applications. In such a case, all the applications use the same predetermined service category.

Abstract: The present invention provides a method and apparatus for auto-biasing an amplifier. The invention is particularly useful in biasing non-linear amplifiers and amplifiers whose input signal may be amplitude modulated (AM). The auto-bias system of the present invention has an active bias feedback loop that continuously adjusts the bias condition of an amplifier to a wanted state during amplifier operation by monitoring a physical quantity indicative of the operating state of the amplifier and controlling the amplifier bias so as to control the amplifier operating point sufficiently to compensate for variations in amplifier electrical characteristics, amplifier load, amplifier temperature, and input signals. In the case of an AM input signal, the auto-bias system of the present invention may provide sample and hold function so that the amplifier bias is the same during high power periods and low power periods, even though during high power periods the amplifier may be operating in a non-linear region.

Abstract: The invention relates to a procedure and system for executing a personal alarm function by means of a telecommunication terminal in a telecommunication system comprising a telephone network, a telephone exchange connected to the telephone network, an intelligent network element connected to the telephone network and a telecommunication terminal connected to the telephone network. In the procedure of the invention, a hidden mode is defined in conjunction with a call made from the telecommunication terminal, the mode is verified in the intelligent network element in conjunction with the setup of each call and an alarm function is executed when the mode differs from the defined mode. The system of the invention comprises means for defining a hidden mode in conjunction with a call made from the telecommunication terminal, means in the intelligent network element for verifying the mode in conjunction with the setup of each call and means for executing an alarm function when the mode differs from the defined mode.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method of transmitting an acknowledgement to an A subscriber in a telephone system in connection with call establishment. In order to improve transmission of information between the parties to the call establishment, communications means are arranged in the system for transmitting a predetermined message, a call associated with a terminating call is received from the A subscriber, and the communication means are activated via the user interface of a subscriber station to transmit said acknowledgement message to the A subscriber.

Abstract: The invention relates to an adaptive radio system that includes a plurality of mobile stations and at least one base station. In the radio system, at least the base station includes a plurality of independent transmitting and receiving branches to transfer signals between the base station and mobile stations. The radio system is according to the invention characterized in that it additionally includes means (401, 402) for connecting said transmitting branches and receiving branches in parallel and for numerical, dynamic assigning thereof to transfer of a single signal. The invention further relates to a method for assigning transmitting and receiving branches in a radio system.

Abstract: A procedure for concentrating subscribers in a telephone network comprising a local exchange (LE) provided with a first exchange terminal (1), a remote subscriber stage (RSS) provided with a second exchange terminal (2), a V5 interface (V5) connected to the second exchange terminal, and an interconnecting feeder (3) between the first and second exchange terminals through which subscribers connected via the V5 interface to the second exchange terminal are connected to the local exchange. According to the invention, a number of V5 interfaces (V5) are connected to the second exchange terminals (2) and the second exchange terminal is connected via the interconnecting feeder (3) to the first exchange terminal (1), thus forming a concentrating interface between the first and second exchange terminals.

Abstract: An error control apparatus and method is disclosed, wherein a control message is used to request a retransmission of a received erroneous digital signal transmitted in a first direction via a transmission medium. The control message is transmitted in a second direction of said transmission medium, wherein the transmission rate of the control method is controlled in dependence on a usage of the transmission medium in the second direction and/or an amount of available memory in a receiving means (5) for receiving said digital signal. Thereby, the overall data throughout in the first and second direction can be optimized by changing the rate of the control message.

Abstract: A method and system for determining a location of a user equipment using RTT measurements from a connected node B and RTT measurement of other node Bs which are not connected to the user equipment. The radio network controller of a network measures RTT of a connected node Bs and then measures RTT of non connected node Bs. Based on the RTT measurement, the distances of the user equipment from each node B is determined. Circles having radii equal to the distances of the user equipment from the nodes are used to determine the user equipment location.

Abstract: The invention relates to protection of an optical transmission connection. From the transmitting end of the connection, the same optical signal is transmitted along a first path and a second path to the receiving end, where the power level of the signal received from each path is monitored, and one of the paths is selected as the working path and the signal arriving from the said path is connected to the receiver, whereby the other path remains as a redundancy path. For the transmission connection to preserve an optimum performance also when the power level difference between the paths is varying, that path is at each time selected as the working path, where the received signal is considered at the moment in question to have the higher power level. The selection is always carried out when the power level difference between the signals reaches a predetermined threshold value, irrespective of the power level of the signal received at that time from the working path.

Abstract: In a communication device that includes an antenna array including multiple antennas, a method and apparatus is provided for determining whether to employ an antenna array beamforming technique. The communication device determines a bearing from the communication device to the communication unit and a direction of arrival for a signal received from the communication unit by the communication device via each of the multiple antennas. In addition, the communication device determines a distance from the communication device to the communication unit, and also determines multiple signal quality metrics based on multiple signals received by the communication device from the communication unit. The communication device then determines whether to employ an antenna array beamforming technique based on any one or more of the determined bearing and the determined direction of arrival, the determined distance, or the determined signal quality metrics.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for uploading a transmission network topology of a radio system and to a radio system implementing the method. The radio system comprises at least one network element and a network management system managing the network elements. The network elements are operatively interconnected by a transmission network realized by means of transmission circuits. Information between the network elements is transmitted in frames that are divided into time slots. When a transmission circuit is changed then software of the network elements marks the changed transmission circuit as changed, and the network management system is informed of the changed circuit, whereafter the software of the network element removes the marking from the changed circuits.

Abstract: The invention relates to an alignment apparatus, with which an instrument to be aligned is mounted on a supporting structure (S) and which comprises a body section (10) mounted on the supporting structure, vertically and horizontally alignable alignment sections (20, 30), of which the first is mounted on the body section and the second is used for mounting the instrument to be aligned, and horizontal and vertical alignment means (40, 50) to align the alignment sections. To facilitate the alignment, the alignment means comprise threaded bolts (40, 50) connecting sections turning in relation to each other, which bolts are arranged to turn in each section turning in relation to each other so that each end (41, 42 and 51, 52) of the threaded bolts projects from the turning sections and each projecting end is provided with means (43, 44, 53, 54) enabling the turning of the threaded bolts.

Abstract: The quality and efficiency of producing an amplified signal output from a feed-forward amplifier system having reduced distortion and noise is provided. Multiple signal cancellation loops are included in the feed-forward amplifier system so as to more accurately adjust the different frequencies within a frequency band. The multiple signal cancellation loops improve carrier cancellation levels and reduce the size of the error amplifier needed in the distortion cancellation loop and/or multiple distortion cancellation loops to improve distortion cancellation and reduce the size of the main power amplifier.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for limiting terminal equipment use of home subscribers of a network in a telecommunications system in which each subscriber has a subscriber identity and with each terminal equipment is associated an equipment identity. In the method, by which the operator can, if desired, supervise the terminal equipments used in the network by the home subscribers, a home equipment register is maintained about the terminal equipments allowed to the home subscribers of the network; a subscriber identity of the user is received from the terminal equipment; an equipment identity is received from the terminal equipment; on the basis of the subscriber identity it is checked whether the subscriber is a home subscriber of the network, and if so, the home equipment list of the network is checked to see whether the terminal equipment is an allowed one, and if the terminal equipment is not an allowed equipment, the use of the equipment is limited.

Abstract: The invention relates to a cellular radio system and a method of locating a terminal in a cellular radio system having in each cell at least one base station 104 communicating with the terminals 100 within its area. The base station measures channel parameters from the signals transmitted by the terminals. The coverage area of each base station is modelled by a digital map. To enable accurate localization of the terminals, to each point on the digital map is added a model of the channel parameters of a signal to be transmitted from the point. The channel parameters estimated from the signal of the terminal are compared with the parameters at different points on the map, and the terminal is located on the basis of the comparison.

Abstract: A method of directional radio communication between a first station and a second station comprises the steps of determining from at least one signal received at the first station from the second station which of a plurality of different radio environment types is present between said first and second stations. A signal is transmitted from the first station to the second station with at least one parameter of said transmitted signal being dependent on the determined radio environment type.

Abstract: The quality and efficiency of producing an amplified signal output from a feed-forward amplifier system having reduced distortion and noise is provided. Multiple adjusters are included in the signal cancellation loop of a feed-forward amplifier system so as to more accurately adjust the different frequencies within a frequency band. For example, in a multi-carrier feed-forward amplifier system two or more adjusters are provided in the signal cancellation loop so as to provide more accurate adjustment for the various carriers rather than relying on a single adjuster to adjust for all carriers. According to one variation of the invention, two adjusters are provided in the signal cancellation loop of a two carrier multi-carrier feed-forward amplifier system. Each of the two adjusters adjusts a respective one of the two carriers. The outputs of the adjusters are combined and input to a delay element in the signal cancellation loop.

Abstract: A directional coupler includes a main arm and a branch arm. The main arm includes a first main sawtooth section, a second main sawtooth section and a main straight section coupled between the first and second main sawtooth sections. The branch arm includes a first branch sawtooth section and a second branch sawtooth section. The first branch sawtooth section includes a first side and a second side. The first side of the first branch sawtooth section is shaped to include a zig-zag edge and the second side of the first branch sawtooth section is shaped to include a non-straight edge. The second branch sawtooth section includes a first side and a second side, and the first side of the second branch sawtooth section is shaped to include a zig-zag edge. The zig-zag edge of the first side of the first branch sawtooth section is coupled to the first main sawtooth section, and the zig-zag edge of the first side of the second branch sawtooth section is coupled to the second main sawtooth section.