Abstract: In the transmitting node of an optical transmission system using wavelength multiplexing and including several channels the information content of each channel is transmitted onto its own wavelength (&lgr;1, &lgr;2, &lgr;3, &lgr;4) by modulating the laser transmitter producing the wavelength in question. The obtained optical signals are combined onto the same optical fibre. In the receiving node the sum signal is separated into different wavelengths by using a wavelength-selective optical separation component, whereby a predetermined wavelength and thus a channel is obtained from each output port of the separation component. In accordance with the invention, instead of using optical or electrical cross-connectors for re-routing a certain signal content to another destination, that transmission wavelength on which the signal content is transmitted is in fact changed at the signal transmission end.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for calibrating a smart-antenna array of a wireless access system using TDD, which antenna array comprises antenna elements with a transmit and a receive branch each. In order to enable a time stable calibration, it is proposed that at least some of the antenna elements are selected in turns to be employed for transmitting broadcast messages. This provides time periods in which only one of said elements is transmitting. Each transmit branch is connected to at least one of the receive branches of another element, signals transmitted via these connections being evaluated for calibration. If receive branches are connected to transmit branches of several elements, it is ensured with the proposed selection that during the broadcast periods these receive branches receive at the most a signal from one element, thus avoiding the need for switches. The invention equally relates to a corresponding radio transceiver unit and a corresponding calibration system.

Abstract: Electronics cabinet comprising an enclosure (1) with an interior space (2) where electronic parts, such as circuit cards and the like, can be mounted, and a cooling system (3) arranged as a substantially integral assembly with the enclosure in the immediate vicinity of its interior space for cooling the interior space. The cooling system (3) comprises means for internal air circulation within the interior space, for conveying an external air circulation separated from the internal air circulation into and out of the cooling system and for cooling the air in the internal circulation. The means for conveying the internal and/or external air circulation comprise a body (4) made from a foamed material with a flow channel (5, 6, 7) formed in it, through which at least part of the internal and/or external air circulation is passed.

Abstract: A method and system for performing power control in a mobile communication network comprising at least one base station and a network element connected to the base station, wherein a reliability information is transmitted from the at least one base station to the network element, the reliability information defining a quality of a radio transmission between the at least one base station and a mobile terminal. Based on the transmitted reliability information, the network element determines a variation of a target setpoint for power control and transmits a power control command defining the variation of the target setpoint to the at least one base station. Thereby, a bearer specific controlling procedure can be performed and the signaling of the procedure can be done via the user plane. This implementation provides an outer loop power control having the necessary flexibility to adapt its parameters to the bearer characteristic of an actual connection.

Abstract: The invention relates to a digital radio system and to a method for correcting a synchronization error in a digital radio system comprising at least one base station (100) communicating with terminals (102, 104) in its coverage area, and a mobile telephone exchange (108) communicating with the base station and controlling the operation of the base stations. The information to be transmitted is coded and decoded in a transcoder unit (200) into a form suitable for the transmission. The base station sends information frames to the transcoder at a certain pace, and, correspondingly, the transcoder sends information frames to the base station at a certain pace. To ensure easy transmission of information and to increase flexibility, the base station (100) indicates in an information frame sent to the transcoder (200) the synchronization error present in the information frames coming from the transcoder, and the transcoder corrects its synchronization after receiving said message.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method of manufacturing a magnetic power component and to a magnetic power component. The component comprises a multi-layer coil (1) which consists of several windings disposed in the layers, first and second electrical conductors (5, 6) which are electrically connected to the selected windings, and a first and a second core part (7, 8) which are arranged to direct magnetism to the windings. The first side (2) of the multi-layer coil (1) is provided with a cavity (9) and the first core part (7) is at least partially mounted in the cavity.

Abstract: A method for carrying out code synchronization when a signal has been spread-coded by a pseudo-random spreading code. The method comprises forming angular cells (400, 402, 404, 406, 408, 410), determining interference power in each angular cell (400, 402, 404, 406, 408, 410), arranging the angular cells (400, 402, 404, 406, 408, 410) according to the interference power, carrying out code acquisition by examining the arranged angular cells (400, 402, 404, 406, 408, 410) by using different delays of the spreading code, starting from the angular cell with the lowest interference power. The angular cells (400, 402, 404, 406, 408, 410) can e.g. be arranged as a vector in ascending order according to the interference power. The method comprises determining the number of angular cells to be formed e.g. by means of an estimated interference power.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method of measuring a time difference and a radio system employing the method, the radio system comprising base stations, terminals, time difference units and a time difference centre. A real time difference RTD of the base station is formed on the basis of measurements carried out by the time difference units by means of an observed time difference OTD and a geometrical time difference GTD in the time difference centre as a function of time, in which case the moment of occurrence of the real time difference RTD measured is connected to the real time difference RTD of the base station.

Abstract: The invention relates to a handover method and a method for selecting a base station for connecting a multimode terminal (PP/MS) in a mobile communication system which consists of at least one first base station (BTS) and at least one second base station (FRP) controlled by a MSC, and multimode terminal (PP/MS). The handover method comprises recognizing the poor radio connection between the serving second base station (RFP) and the multimode terminal (PP/MS), selecting one of the first base station (BTS) as the target cell for handover on the basis of the measurements carried out in the multimode terminal (PP/MS), and performing the handover.

Abstract: This invention relates to a cellular radio system including a mobile telephone exchange, base stations and mobile stations, the geographical area covered by the cellular radio system being divided into location areas and the mobile stations being arranged to send location update messages to the base stations. In order that the number of mobile stations located in the area may be ascertained more accurately than before, the system includes storing means for monitoring location update messages and for storing data contained in the location update messages in a memory means, and means for transmitting the data stored in the memory means further to the operator of the system, for an estimation of the need of capacity for the different parts of the system on the basis of the stored data.

Abstract: A method for directed retry in a mobile communication system including measuring the reception level of the signal from the neighboring cells of the target cell in the mobile station, sending the measurement results as a report message from the mobile station to the mobile communication network, detecting the need for directed retry, selecting at least one neighboring cell as the candidate cell for directed retry on the basis of the measurements, and executing directed retry into the selected target cell.

Abstract: The invention relates to service control in a telecommunications network which includes customer terminals (CT) and servers (SP) for offering services to the customers. The service is provided by transmitting information to the customer terminal, and the customer pays for the service by sending payment messages. To achieve a versatile control system for controlling the provision of the service, the system maintains a control parameter whose value is dependent (1) on the service price and on the moments of change in the service price, and (2) on the payments made and on the moments in time that the payments are made. The value of the control parameter is compared to a threshold (TT), and the provision of the service is stopped when the value of the control parameter has reached the threshold.

Abstract: A method for recovering group data between mobile systems, which incorporate at least one first mobile system, at least one second mobile system, and mobile stations, the method comprising the steps of maintaining group data in a first database of the first mobile system, maintaining group data in a database of the second mobile system. In the method, a recovery request is made for recovering the group data, the second mobile system generates one or more virtual attachment requests for the first database of said group, the second mobile system transmits the virtual attachment request to the first database of the first mobile system, in response to the first virtual attachment request, the group data are updated in the first database.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for implementing a transmission connection. In accordance with the method, symbols (DATA_IN) are formed from the bit stream to be transmitted, carriers are generated on several different frequency bands, and the bit stream is transmitted with the aid of the carriers by dividing the formed symbols between the carriers in such a way that each carrier is modulated with some of the bits in the bit stream. To enable implementation of modulation and demodulation in such multicarrier systems with as simple and efficient equipment as possible, the modulated carriers are first generated on the transmitter side each separately on predetermined first frequencies, whereafter at least some of the carriers are supplied to a halfband filter bank (64) transferring at least some of the carriers supplied to it to their final frequency bands in the frequency domain and combining said carriers to its output. Halfband filter bank is also used in the receiver.

Abstract: A method and an equipment implementing the method for implementing the billing of short messages in a mobile communication system. The method comprises steps wherein a message is submitted to a short message service centre to be delivered to a subscriber; the message is delivered from the short message service centre to the mobile station of the subscriber via the mobile communication system; and at least one charge record is created per each transferred short message. In the solution of the invention the short message comprises an advice of charge which directly or indirectly indicates the price to be billed for reception of the short message, and the object of the billing; and said advice of charge or an actual advice of charge defined on the basis thereof is included in a charge record created on the basis of the short message.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method and an apparatus for implementing automatic gain control in a system where an analog signal is converted into a digital signal. The apparatus comprises means (208) for performing automatic gain control of the adjustable signal in an analog manner using a gain control step of predetermined size and means (446, 448) for performing inverse gain control of the digitized signal in such a way that, after the digital adjustment, the power of the signal is the same as before the analog adjustment. To enable an accurate gain control, the apparatus further comprises means (410, 412, 214, 420) for determining the maximum energy of the signal during a predetermined measurement period, means (426, 428) for comparing the determined maximum energy to preset threshold values (430, 432), and means (436) for performing an automatic gain control of the analog signal and a compensation for the gain control to the digital signal, if the measured value exceeds the threshold.

Abstract: A compensated RF power detector utilized in power control circuits for preventing power amplifier saturation. A power amplifier uses a power control circuit to maintain the power amplifier as efficiently and linearly as possible without distortion. The operating point of the power amplifier is defined as close to the 1 dB gain compression point as possible for maximum efficiency and linearity with minimum distortion. However, extreme temperature conditions affect the 1 dB gain compression point causing the power amplifier to operate too close to saturation resulting in distortion or spectral growth. In an embodiment, the compensated RF power detector comprises a RF power detector and a variable RC circuit. The RF power detector has a RF input for receiving RF power, a detector output for supplying a compensated detected voltage and, a detecting diode for generating a detected voltage in response to the received RF power.

Abstract: Method for concentrating subscribers in a local exchange (LE), which comprises an exchange terminal (1), a V5 interface (V5) connected to the exchange terminal, a group switch (3) and an interconnecting line (4) between the exchange terminal and the group switch for connecting subscribers connected to the exchange terminal to the group switch. According to the invention, a number of V5 interfaces (V5) are connected to the exchange terminal (1) and the exchange terminal is connected to the group switch (3) via the interconnecting line (4), thus forming between the exchange terminal and the group switch an internal interface within the local exchange for concentrating V5 subscribers.

Abstract: A method for selecting a cell for a mobile station (MS) in a cellular telecommunications network, wherein the mobile station (MS) sends a radio station controller (BSC) measurement reports (6-4) comprising information (61, 631 . . . 63N) about the mobile station's serving cell and its neighbour cells. The mobile station or its subscriber is associated with at least one set of special cells called LSA cells. Information on the set of special cells is transferred to the radio station controller (BSC), and the mobile station (MS) at least participates in the transferring of information, preferably by sending an explicit list of its LSA cells or by including in at least one measurement report (6-4) a flag bit (62, 641 . . . 64N) indicating whether or not the cell in question is a special cell.

Abstract: In mobile communications systems of the CDMA type in particular detection of individual signals from the received common signal with known methods requires much processing capacity of the mobile communications system. The present invention concerns a method of reducing radio inter-ference in a mobile communications system including at least one base station (BS) and several mobile stations (MS). The mobile communications system uses several traffic channels for communications between the base station (BS) and the mobile stations (MS).