Abstract: The invention relates to a method for dividing traffic between cells and a cellular radio system comprising at least a base station (300) of a particular cell (304), at least one subscriber terminal (322, 324) communicating with the base station (300), and cells (306) surrounding the particular cell (304), and subscriber terminals (332, 334) communicating therewith, the cellular radio system being arranged to measure the amount of traffic and interference in the system, and to calculate a weighting value for each cell based on the network measurements. In the method of the invention the base station (300) of the particular cell is arranged to adjust the size of its coverage area on the basis of the weighting value of the cell (304).

Abstract: In a communication device that includes an antenna array including multiple antennas, a method and apparatus is provided for determining whether to employ an antenna array beamforming technique. The communication device determines a bearing from the communication device to the communication unit and a direction of arrival for a signal received from the communication unit by the communication device via each of the multiple antennas. In addition, the communication device determines a distance from the communication device to the communication unit, and also determines multiple signal quality metrics based on multiple signals received by the communication device from the communication unit. The communication device then determines whether to employ an antenna array beamforming technique based on any one or more of the determined bearing and the determined direction of arrival, the determined distance, or the determined signal quality metrics.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method and a generator for generating a short orthogonal spreading code in CDMA radio system. The method includes obtaining control data the length, the running number and the code class of the spreading code. A spreading code is formed such that the running number of the spreading code in the code class is first denoted by a binary code number of the same length as the code class. Thereafter, a modified code number is formed by reversing the code number. The following operations are repeated for each chip Of the spreading code: the running number of the chip is denoted by a binary chip number of the same length as the code class, and a binary sum is formed with an AND operation between the modified code number and the chip number, and one value is formed for the chip of the spreading code with an XOR operation between all the bits of the binary sum.

Abstract: A method and a system for reducing transmission of parameters between a-mobile switching center and a service control point in a telecommunication network such as the Wireless Intelligent Network. The mobile switching center transmits a first signaling message containing only a first set of parameters to the service control point during initial call processing. In response, the service control point transmits a second signaling message to the mobile switching center indicating to the service switching point a second set of parameters required by the service control point with respect to the first signaling message. The service switching point then transmits the second set of parameters in a third signaling message to the service control point in response to the second signaling message.

Abstract: A radio system and a method of establishing a connection between network elements in a radio system comprising as network elements one or more base stations, a base station controller and a network management system that are operatively interconnected by means of telecommunication connections. Information between the network elements is transmitted in frames that are divided into time slots. The base station controller controls one or more base stations. Network element identification information has been fed into a network element to be installed, and the network element is physically connected to the system by means of the telecommunication connections.

Abstract: A technique for enabling a callback by a called party, such as an emergency center, of a terminal, such as a mobile terminal having no identity and no CBN (Call Back Number), in the case of an emergency call, for example, includes allocating a temporary identity to the terminal and then allocating an IP address to the terminal and storing the association between the temporary identity and the allocated IP address. A CBN is that allocated to the mobile terminal and the association between the CBN and the allocated IP address is also stored. A call is then setup between the terminal and the called party. Upon the call between the terminal and the called party being dropped, the IP address associated with the allocated CBN of the terminal is retrieved as is the stored temporary identity corresponding to the retrieved IP address. Paging is then forwarded to the terminal using the stored temporary identity and a call is again setup between the terminal and the called party.

Abstract: A method for transferring alarms, in which method a pre-determined area (1) is monitored by a monitoring device (24) connected to a subscriber line (10, 12, 14); the condition of the subscriber line (10, 12, 14) is monitored by line testing; when the ISDN subscriber line (10, 12, 14) lacks functionality an alarm is identified in a switching center (20); and from the switching center (20) the alarm is directed to an alarm monitoring system.

Abstract: A CDMA system transmits from a base station to a plurality of mobile stations or from mobile station to base station on a shared frequency band, each mobile station's data being spread by a different spreading code chosen from a set of orthogonal codes. Each receiver in base station or mobile station correlates for its intended data by despreading the signal using its particular one of the orthogonal codes. Under certain transmission delays, the effects of orthogonality may diminish and another mobile station's signal may cross-correlate with a mobile station's signal. If not all of the orthogonal codes are in use, the present invention determines another selection of orthogonal codes that yields lower cross-correlation under current delay conditions.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for improving loop stability and speed of a power control loop. Adjacent channel interference in the ramp-up and ramp-down (transient) of a TDMA burst is reduced. The present invention is used in a burst when the transient response and loop speed are important in the design of the control loop. The loop bandwidth variation resulting from linear conversion power detector and PIN diode RF attenuators in the loop is reduced by reducing the upper end of the loop bandwidth and increasing the lower end of the loop bandwidth. The upper limit of the loop bandwidth determines the loop stability and the lower limit of the loop bandwidth determines the minimum speed of the loop. A reference signal is sampled and processed to set a gain of a feedback loop in the power control loop.

Abstract: The invention relates to a radio system including one or more network elements, a base station controller and a network management system that are operatively interconnected by means of telecommunication connections, and to a method of testing telecommunication connections of a network element to be install in the radio system. Information between the network elements is transmitted in frames that are divided into time slots, and the base station controller controls one or more network elements being physically connected to the system by means of the telecommunication connections. To enable reliable and fast installation of the network elements, the network element transmits to the base station controller a message including information that the network element is ready to be tested. The base station controller initiates a testing procedure after receiving the message. The testing includes all channels between the base station controller and the network element.

Abstract: A method for using channels in a time-division multiple access radio system which includes at least one base station and at least one mobile station and which operates on one or more carrier frequencies per base station. The carrier frequencies are divided into a plurality of physical channels including time slots and a predetermined number of time slots forming a frame. One of the base station's carriers is a main carrier on which a main control channel operates. At least one physical channel of the main carrier is used for transmitting broadcast control channels and the last one of said at least one physical channel is allocated to a traffic channel only if the base station does not have other physical channels available.

Abstract: Apparatus for suppressing mutual interference between antennas placed close to each other, said apparatus consisting of at least one elongated suppressing element (5) of electrically conductive material, fitted between the antenna radiators (11, 21) and disposed in a plane transverse to the connecting line between the antennas. The suppressing element is disposed in the direction of radiation and its length equals a quarter or a multiple of a quarter of one of the wavelengths in the frequency range of the antennas, thus functioning as a resonator tuned at least to the frequency range in question, radiating in a plane transverse to the direction of radiation of the antennas (1, 2).

Abstract: The invention relates to a Rake receiver of a CDMA system using IRC. The Rake receiver comprises at least two antenna branches, at least one Rake finger, and a delay estimator. The delay estimator comprises a despreader and an allocator for selecting at least one delay, and allocating a Rake finger for processing the signal component found by informing the Rake finger of the delay found. The delay estimator further comprises: a channel estimator, an interference estimator for generating an interference signal, a weighting coefficient part for providing each antenna branch with weighting coefficients maximizing the Signal-to-Interference-and-Noise Ratio, a multiplier for multiplying the pilot part by a weighting coefficient, and an antenna branch summer for combining the despread pilot parts, received via the separate antenna branches and multiplied by the weighting coefficient, to one combined pilot signal, on which combined pilot signal the selection is based in the allocator.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method of transmitting data in a radio system from a transmitter to a receiver, and to a radio system using the method, a radio transmitter and a radio receiver. A transmitter (260) comprises a channel coder (202) for channel coding a data block into a coded data block by using a selected channel coding and for puncturing the coded data block by using a first puncturing pattern, and transmission means (204) for transmitting the coded data block punctured by the first puncturing pattern to a receiver (264). The receiver (264) comprises a channel decoder (218) for decoding the received coded data block, means (224) for detecting a need for retransmission of the received coded data block, and means (204) for transmitting a retransmission request of the coded data block to the transmitter (260).

Abstract: The invention relates to the implementation of narrowband and broadband services in a telecommunications network. A splitter element is connected to a transmission link, the splitter element comprising a passive low-pass filter block connected between the transmission link and a first interface, a high-pass filter unit connected between the transmission link and a second interface, and discrete impedance converting means for adapting the first interface to the characteristic impedance of the transmission link. In order that the impedance matching required by the low-pass filter block may be implemented in an economical way yet maintaining the service quality, the impedance converting means are entirely placed between the interface of the low-pass filter block on the transmission link side and the first interface.

Abstract: Equipment and method for acknowledging a transaction in an electronic payment system, comprising first processing means for providing electronic receipts corresponding to payments, second processing means for receiving said receipts, and transfer means for transferring said receipts between the first and second processing means. Said electronic receipt or part of it is encrypted with a public-key algorithm by using the payee's private key as an encryption key, and a receipt is decrypted with a public-key algorithm by using the payee's public key as s decryption key. If a recipient of the receipt wants to be convinced of the authenticity of the receipt, he decrypts the encryption by means of the payee's public key. Digital encryption with the payee's private key certifies the origin of the receipt undeniably. As long as the receipt is in encrypted form, it cannot be read without exactly knowing the payee, and counterfeiting of the receipt is impossible.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method of implementing transceiver operation at a base station. In the method, at least two transmitter units (300, 302) in different sectors transmit signals at different frequencies to the same multifrequency amplifier (306), and the signals amplified by the multifrequency amplifier (306) are transmitted to a filter structure (500), which filters signals to be transmitted at different frequencies. In the method sector-specific antennas (418, 420) transmit and receive the signals at different frequencies and the filter structure (500) filters the at least two signals received at different frequencies. The filtered signals are transmitted via the filter unit (400) to the receiver amplifier (404), whereupon the signals received from the different sectors are transmitted to sector-specific receiver amplifiers (406, 408).

Abstract: The invention relates to a signal transmission method and a motherboard structure used in a base station of a radio system, for example, and comprises printed circuit board units communicating with the motherboard structure and communicating with one another by signals. The motherboard structure comprises an optical fibre sheet having optical fibres arranged therein, first converter means receiving from the printed circuit board unit electrical low-power and high-frequency signals, such as clock signals and RF signals. The first converter means convert the received signals into optical signals, and each optical signal is conducted into an optical fibre of its own in the fibre sheet. The motherboard structure further comprises second converter means converting the optical signals which have propagated in the fibre sheet back into electrical signals which are conducted to the printed circuit board units after the conversion.

Abstract: The inventive idea is to set up by parts of forwarded call using services of a closed user group always leg-specifically. Hereby the user group data defined by the subscribers for the leg in question can be used for each leg. The user group data defined by the calling subscriber is used in that leg of the call which is between the calling subscriber and the call forwarding point. User group data defined by the called subscriber who forwarded the call is used between the forwarding point and the subscriber who is the forwarding target.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method and network element for forwarding a multicast message received from an external packet data network (PDN) to subscribers (MS) of a packet radio network, wherein a subscriber-specific information defining multicast messages to be received by the subscribers is stored in a network element (GGSN) of the packet radio network. Based on this subscriber-specific information, a point to point connection is established between the multicast content provider of the multicast message and a subscriber having joined the corresponding multicast group. The subscriber may request a list of available multicast groups from the network element and may inform the network element of the multicast messages he wants to listen to by using a point to point context activation. Thus, the network element which may be a gateway GPRS support node plays an arbitrator role for multicast messages. Thereby, only minor changes of standard network elements are required.