Abstract: Unsaturated polyol compounds containing alkenyl aryl constituents are described. These unsaturated polyols are prepared by reacting a polyol with an aromatic derivative including both an alkenyl constituent and a second functionality reactive with a polyol. The resulting unsaturated polyols feature an alkenyl aryl constituent which enhances polyol receptivity for graft copolymerization with vinyl monomers. The aryl constituent along with multiple hydroxyl groups of the polyol render these polyols particularly suitable for polyurethane end uses.

Abstract: A heat exchanger having a desired system of tubular passageways for a heat exchange medium defining opposed headers connected by connecting portions of said passageways extending therebetween, said passageways having entry and exit portions extending from said headers to provide ingress and egress openings for said heat exchange medium, wherein said tubular passageways comprise a plurality of island-like distentions connected by a plurality of tubular channels passing therebetween, said tubular channels positioned with their longitudinal axes at an angle to both the longitudinal and transverse dimensions of said panel, said distentions and tubular channels serving to enhance resistance to bending under mechanical stress and reduce the incidence of failure at fluid temperature near or at their freezing point.

Abstract: A diaphragm for use in the electrolysis of alkali metal chloride brines in electrolytic diaphragm cells is comprised of a support fabric impregnated with a non-fibrilic active component containing silica where the porous diaphragm has a permeability to alkali metal chloride brines of from about 100 to about 300 milliliters per minute per square meter of diaphragm at a head level difference in the cell of from about 0.1 to about 20 inches of the alkali metal chloride brines. The active component containing silica is employed in concentrations of from about 10 to about 75 milligrams per square centimeter of support fabric.Suitable silica-containing materials include sand, colloidal silica, alkali metal silicates, alkaline earth metal silicates, aluminum silicates, as well as minerals such as sepiolites, meerschaums, attapulgites, montmorillonites and bentonites.Support fabrics include, for example, felt fabrics produced from thermoplastics such as polyolefins or polyarylene sulfides.

Abstract: Calcium hypochlorite useful as a commercial sanitizing agent and swimming pool disinfectant is produced by a process wherein calcium hydroxide and organic hypochlorite are reacted in a first reaction zone to produce calcium hypochlorite. The portion of the calcium hydroxide remaining unreacted is recovered along with product calcium hypochlorite in a mixture of solids.In a second reaction zone, an aqueous solution of sodium hydroxide is reacted with an organic hypochlorite to form an aqueous phase containing sodium hypochlorite and an organic phase. The aqueous phase is separated from the organic phase.Chlorine is reacted with the mixture of solids of the first reaction zone and the aqueous phase of the second reaction zone in a third reaction zone to produce an aqueous slurry of calcium hypochlorite particles. The calcium hypochlorite particles are thereafter recovered and dried in granular form.

Abstract: Disclosed is the use of 2,4-di(lower alkyl)-1,2,4-thiadiazolidin-3,5-diones as ashless load-carrying additives for functional fluids. These thiadiazolidin-3,5-diones have the formula: ##STR1## wherein R.sub.1 and R.sub.2 are lower alkyl groups having 1-4 carbon atoms.

Abstract: An electrolytic process for preparing organic hypohalite compounds from an aqueous brine and organic alcohol solution in a multi-chamber membrane type cell. For example, tertiary butyl hypochlorite is prepared in a membrane cell from tertiary butyl alcohol and a sodium chloride brine. An organic solvent such as carbon tetrachloride can be used to extract the organic hypohalite formed in the aqueous brine phase either during or after electrolysis.

Abstract: The invention relates to an improved method for removing corrosive heavy metal ions from aqueous fluids used in heat exchange systems. The method provides for the employment of a getter upstream of a heat exchange and in proximate contact therewith so that the getter removes said ions from said fluid before the fluid is introduced into the heat exchanger.

Abstract: Disclosed is a process for preparing polyurethane which comprises including an azo or peroxy di-ester polyol and an ethylenically unsaturated monomer in a polyurethane reaction formulation to effect simultaneous graft copolymerization and polyurethane polymerization. Novel polyurethane compositions are produced.

Abstract: Leaded brasses are modified by additions of chromium, antimony and bismuth in order to reduce the susceptibility of the brasses to edge cracking during hot working. The additional alloying elements also help to maintain the widely known good machinability characteristics of the leaded brasses.

Abstract: 1-halo- and 1-lower alkoxy-4-trichloromethylphthalazines are disclosed as fungicides and as novel compositions of matter.

Abstract: The invention relates to an improved aqueous solar energy collector system which includes a heat exchange panel wherein a getter having a surface layer in contact with the aqueous fluid which is characterized by a high affinity for corrosive metal ions in the aqueous fluid is provided upstream of the heat exchangers to thereby remove said corrosive ions from the aqueous fluid before it is introduced into the heat exchanger.

Abstract: A process for recovering fluorine and silicon values from a waste-water stream produced in a wet-process phosphoric acid process which comprises:(a) diluting concentrated sulfuric acid with the waste-water stream and producing an SiF.sub.4 -containing gas during the dilution;(b) scrubbing the SiF.sub.4 -containing gas with phosphoric acid to produce a phosphoric acid solution containing fluosilicic acid;(c) reacting sodium carbonate with the phosphoric acid solution to precipitate solid sodium silicofluoride; and(d) separating the solid sodium silicofluoride from the phosphoric acid.

Abstract: A highly conductive and corrosion resistant low hydrogen overvoltage cathode. The cathode comprises a copper substrate plated with an alloy of nickel and molybdenum.

Abstract: An electrolytic process is described for preparing organic hypohalite compounds from an electrolyte comprised of aqueous brine, organic alcohol, and organic solvent solution in an undivided cell. For example, tertiary butyl hypochlorite is prepared in an undivided cell by the electrolysis of tertiary butyl alcohol and aqueous sodium chloride brine. High product yield, high cell current efficiency, and high cell current density are achieved by proper selection and use of a suitable inert organic solvent in the cell during electrolysis, proper selection of anode to cathode gap distance, and proper control of the pH of the electrolyte solution. The organic hypohalite formed in the cell is recovered for use after electrolysis.

Abstract: Novel alkoxysilane ester cluster compounds are disclosed. These compounds have the formula:RSi[OSi(OR').sub.3 ].sub.2 OR"wherein R is hydrogen, an alkyl, alkenyl, aryl or aralkyl group, and each R' and the R" groups is independently selected from alkyl, alkenyl, aryl and aralkyl with the proviso that at least a majority of the R' radicals are sterically hindered alkyl groups having at least 3 carbon atoms. The preparation of these novel alkoxysilane ester cluster compounds and their use as functional fluids are also disclosed.

Abstract: A process is disclosed for reducing the available chlorine content of aqueous waste streams produced in chemical plants, especially calcium hypochlorite plants, in order to permit further purification treatment in waste purification systems which employ activated carbon. The available chlorine content is reduced by chlorinating the impure stream at a temperature in the range from about 80.degree. to 100.degree. C. at a pH in the range from about 5.5 to about 8.5. In order to avoid excessive reactor boilover, close control of these conditions is required. In addition the reaction is time dependent and the holdup time in the reactor and a subsequent hold tank ranges from about 0.5 to about 4 hours. During this reaction the available chlorine forms the corresponding chlorate in the aqueous solution which may be passed through the activated carbon bed without adversely affecting the bed operation.

Abstract: An improved ventilated filter tip cigarette is provided utilizing a unique combination of porous filter plug wrap having a porosity of from about 300 to 4000 Filtrona air permeability units with a microperforated tipping envelope having perforations averaging less than about 0.01 mm.sup.2 each in open area. The relationship of plug wrap porosity combined with the size of microperforations in the tipping envelope provide cigarettes with maximum selective reductions in carbon monoxide yields and only minor reductions in nicotine yields as compared to constituent yields heretofore obtained in the smoke from ventilated cigarettes.

Abstract: A process is described in which granular calcium hypochlorite particles are encapsulated with a plurality of layers of an inorganic salt other than calcium hypochlorite. In this process granular calcium hypochlorite particles are placed in a moving bed and a portion of the moving bed is lifted to the upper part of a distributing zone and released to fall downwardly through the distributing zone to the moving bed. An aqueous medium of the inorganic salt is sprayed onto the falling particles at a temperature sufficiently high to simultaneously evaporate and remove water from the aqueous medium and to provide a coating of a plurality of layers of inorganic salt in solid form on each calcium hypochlorite particle.

Abstract: An improved method and apparatus for adjusting the space between an adjustable anode and a cathode in an electrolytic cell wherein current measurements and voltage measurements are obtained for conductors to the anode sets and compared with predetermined standards for the same conductors and anode sets. Measurement of deviation from the predetermined standards are used to determine the direction of anode adjustment. A digital computer operably connected to motor drive means adapted to raise or lower anode sets upon appropriate electric signals from the computer is a preferred embodiment of this invention.In a preferred embodiment, potential incipient short circuits are detected and avoided by the improvement which comprises:(a) obtaining the difference between two successive current signals for a selected conductor and doubling the difference to obtain a total current difference, .DELTA..sub.

Abstract: An improved box for packaging a pair of skis is provided, whereby the boxed skis will be held securely in place and will be protected against damage which may occur in shipping or handling. The skis are held relatively immobilized within the box without the need for inserting any spacers or the like into the box. The ends of the box are constructed to serve as impact absorbers should the box be dropped on its ends while the skis are in it. The box is shaped to provide improved nesting and stacking characteristics for storage prior to shipment.