Abstract: To limit the current through the emitter-collector path of an output transistor, typically a Darlington transistor pair (T7, T8) to a load, in case of short circuit or malfunction of the load (L), in which a control circuit path resistor (R1) is serially connected with the emitter-collector path of the output transistor and the load, a reference current source is provided, connected to have current flow additionally through the resistor (R1) and providing control current to the output transistor at a control terminal (2) thereof, thereby permitting self-regulation of output current to a safe level regardless of reflected load resistance.

Abstract: A fuel injection nozzle for internal combustion engines, having a valve needle, which at the end of a pre-stroke directly or indirectly opens an auxiliary conduit, by way of which the fuel pressure acts upon a reservoir piston and a pressure shoulder which acts in the closing direction of the valve needle. As a result, the valve needle is temporarily returned to the valve seat and the closing pressure is notably increased. The subsequent primary injection phase is initiated at a correspondingly higher pressure, and the higher closing pressure continues effective until the end of the injection event, thereby bringing about an exact closure of the valve.

Abstract: An apparatus for the rpm-dependent adjustment of the timing of an injection pump for internal combustion engines (shaft-type injection adjuster), in which a rotationally driven primary part is connected in a rotationally coupled manner with a secondary part but with the rotational angle between them being variable. The connection is effected via an axially displaceable sliding sheath, which is positively connected via at least one of the parts via a bevel gear and simultaneously acts as an adjusting piston. The working face of this adjusting piston is supplied with a control pressure by a centrifugal force control piston supported in a separate transverse bore in the primary part, either directly or with the intermediacy of an additional control piston, with respect to which then the adjusting piston effecting the coupling between the driving part and the driven part is embodied as a followup piston.

Abstract: An electronic dart game scoring device includes individual game select switches for each of several games including cricket, team select switches, numerical entry keys for score entry and numerical score displays. The device is particularly adapted for scoring the game of cricket by including a number of score entry switches dedicated to particular dart board beds and visual indicators associated with the dedicated switches for displaying dart scores on each of the particular beds, separately from the numerical score displays.

Abstract: To provide for fast response of a servo drive with a synchronous machine in which the same torque is available over the entire rotational range of the machine regardless of angular position of the rotor, phase currents to phase windings, preferably three-phase, are controlled in dependence on required torque, and steered to the respective phase windings by a rotor position transducer in such a manner that the sum of all the phase currents remains constant, and is connected to the respective phase windings, in pulses, during an electrical angular range when induced armature counter electromotive force voltages in the respective phase windings, which have an essentially trapezoidal shape, are in their flat or unvarying range within the voltage distribution during revolution of the rotor. Thus, currents are supplied to the phase windings only when the counter EMF voltages are essentially constant.

Abstract: A control device for Diesel engines with which a rapid shutoff of the latter is possible by emptying the suction chamber of the injection pump by aspiration. The control device includes a control valve, which in the operating position (I) opens up the feed line of the feed pump toward the suction chamber and in the reversed shutoff position (II) blocks this feed line between the compression side (D) of the feed pump and the suction chamber. The control valve is an electromagnetic shutoff valve. A further part of the control device is an electric fuel pump, which as a special aspirating pump is disposed in an aspiration line leading from the suction chamber back to the fuel tank. For emergency engine shutoff, the control valve, displaced into its blocking position (II), blocks the flow of fuel between the feed pump and the suction chamber, while the aspirating fuel pump that has been turned on at the same time empties the suction chamber by aspiration.

Abstract: It is proposed to adjust components, tools and devices of a packaging machine to various formats in accordance with the products to be packaged and packaging material to be used. To assure that the operator will approach the correct conversion point when adjusting the individual conversion points in accordance with a program of a data-processing control unit, the various conversion points have code carriers with a code identifying the particular conversion point. The control unit does not emit an adjusting signal unitl the operator has connected a code reader with the code carrier the code of which agrees with the conversion point displayed at the control unit.

Abstract: In a drive-in apparatus for driving fasteners such as clips, nails, tacks, staples and the like in a workpiece, a solenoid for actuating impact blade which ejects the fastener is movably arranged in the apparatus housing. The solenoid includes an exciter coil formed with a central opening in which a cylindrical armature connected to the impact blade is magnetically accelerated in forward direction and returns to the starting position by a resetting spring. The exciter coil is also movably guided within the housing and spring biased in the forward direction by another biasing spring having a progressive elasticity characteristic. Depending on the steepness of the characteristic line of the second biasing spring, the backstrokes of the apparatus and the force necessary for tacking operation can be adjusted in broad range.

Abstract: Engine knock sensor signals are amplified, band-pass filtered and rectified and then a sequence of integrated signal peak values are compared with reference signals relating to a typical engine knock signal. If the deviation of the integration values or peak values or their sum over a measurement period differs by less than a predetermined amount from the corresponding reference values, a knock indication is produced. The initial integration or peak value may be given less weight than those that follow. The knock sensor may be an engine block sound sensor, or a combustion chamber light, pressure or iron current sensor. Additional criteria, such as the interval between null transitions or signal maxima or the number of them in a measuring period may be used to inhibit a knock indication in case the main processing should occasionally provide an anomalous knock signal, but this precaution is not sufficiently needed to warrant its inclusion in simplified systems.

Abstract: In a three-stage Darlington transistor circuit, the base of the middle transistor is connected to the series combination of a resistance and a Zener diode, with the Zener diode anode being connected to the resistance. A voltage divider is provided between the collector and emitter of the power transistor. For reducing the loading and deviation from nominal value of the voltage divider with change of temperature, an auxiliary transistor (T.sub.4) is provided having its base connected to one tap of the voltage divider and its emitter to the cathode of the Zener diode. The collector of the auxiliary transistor is provided in the integrated circuit substrate in common with the collectors of the transistors of the Darlington circuit. The other tap of the voltage divider is provided for emitter-collector clamping voltage purposes.

Abstract: A fuel injection pump is provided with a device for adjusting the start of fuel injection which includes a turnable roller ring and a stop engaged in the roller ring and mounted on a shaft turnable by an actuating adjusting lever between two end positions. The stop is positioned eccentrically to the axis of the shaft. The stop limits the angle of twist of the roller ring to adjust the start of fuel injection.

Abstract: A bench includes a rigid frame and a work board pivotable to and away from the frame. The work board can be brought into a rest position and into a plurality of operating positions and can be in at least two operating positions supported by an arm movably supported on the frame. The arm is pivotable with respect to the frame in a horizontal plane. The arm can carry at its free end a clamping device. The structure of the bench increases a range of clamping a work piece on the bench over the length of the work board.

Abstract: An idling regulation system for an internal combustion engine is proposed, in which preferably the air throughput in the intake tube is regulated in accordance with the deviation between the set-point and actual rpm values, the temperature, and the like. In this manner, the air leakage of the throttle valve, for instance, is additionally detected in an idling regulation system, via a bypass final control element.

Abstract: A method for evaluating output signals of a sensor for measuring operational parameters of an internal combustion engine, utilizes characteristic wave forms of signal portions derived from a sensor. Threshold levels for setting the beginning and the end of an injection process are determined from threshold levels of an (n+m)th signal portion which are derived from a fraction of preceding nth signal. The device for carrying out this method includes a store for the peak value of the nth signal and a controlled discharging device which cooperates with a threshold switch and which is controlled by other parameters of the engine such as rotary speed.

Abstract: In a vehicle headlight a lamp holder for holding a bulb in an apex opening of a reflector is formed with three axially extended locking arms having hooks insertable into the slots provided in the reflector. Each slot defines on the surface of the reflector a bearing surface having an insertion portion and an arresting portion. Each hook, upon pivoting of the lamp holder is inserted into the assigned slot and is engaged behind the arresting portion to arrest the lamp holder on the backside of the reflector.

Abstract: A solenoid valve having an exciter coil is formed with a central passage for guiding an armature of a permanently magnetic material which is polarized in the direction of its axial movement. At the other end of the passage there is provided a tubular core of a magnetically soft material which acts as a mechanical limit stop for the armature and is also shaped as a valve seat controlled by the end face of the armature. An outer magnetically conductive member is arranged at the other end of the coil around the armature and is spaced from the latter by an air gap so as to act as a magnetic holding member for the armature when the coil is energized and the armature is displaced to its working position away from the stop member. Thus at least the end of the armature which faces the valve seat is provided with a frustoconical attachment having on its periphery a plurality of guiding fingers. The tip of the attachment controls the valve seat while the fingers permit the flow of a fluid past the armature.

Abstract: In the assembly of a liquid crystal cell indicator of which the covering glass plates are sealed together by edge bonding provided by an adhesive applique, a fixed information display is provided by supplementary adhesive appliques taking the place of some of the liquid crystal material inside the edge bonding perimeter. The display is optically inactive at the fixed information location, but the same appearance is provided as in the case of a display optically produced by electric signals. The fixed information is thus mechanically protected and is also visible when the electronic circuits are shut off.

Abstract: A cyclical input signal for the microcomputer of a motor vehicle is caused to reset the microcomputer for avoiding persistence of errors. Another portion of the same periodic signal can advantageously be furnished to the external interrupt input of the microcomputer.

Abstract: An air flow rate meter for ascertaining the mass of the air flowing through an intake tube of an internal combustion engine. The air flow rate meter includes a temperature-dependent measuring resistor, which as a resistance wire is stretched out in an aperture of a carrier body and is disposed, as is a reference resistor, as an element in a common electrical bridge circuit. The carrier body protrudes into a flow cross section through which the air flows, and the reference resistor is wound, in the form of a reference resistor wire, on a partial segment spaced apart from the aperture. A compensating resistor is disposed in the aperture upstream of the measuring resistor and spaced apart as far as possible from the reference resistor.

Abstract: To avoid venting of a deburring chamber and associated equipment after charge of the chamber with an explosive mixture if a spark plug (3a) has failed to ignite the mixture, a glow ignition block (4) is located in the path of gas communication between a mixing block (3) in which the spark plug is retained, and a glow plug (8) is located to have its glow portion exposed to the combustible gas mixture, preferably in a bypass (9) to a main gas path. A thermal element (12) monitors whether, upon application of an ignition pulse to the spark plug (3a), ignition has occurred by sensing a sharp temperature pulse; upon failure to sense such a temperature pulse, the glow plug is energized for ignition of the combustible mixture thereby. The spark plug may be of the vehicular internal combustion engine type; and the glow plug may, for example, be similar to "pre-glow" plugs used in vehicular-type Diesel engines.