Abstract: Improved heat insulating of a combustion chamber in an internal combustion engine is obtained by providing a heat-resistant body in at least one surface, which is intended to at least partly limit a combustion chamber. A support body supports the heat-resistant body, said bodies each having facing mantle surfaces. Between said bodies there is a heat-insulating element of a material having a lower coefficient of thermal expansion and a lower modulus of elasticity than the material in either one of said bodies. The bodies and the element are held together at the mantle surfaces by means of a shrink fit.

Abstract: An aerodynamic body (M) provided with means for steering in response to a body control variable signal has a homing device (1) supplying a measurement signal (.epsilon..sub.m) of the error angle of the body. For intercepting a target (T) a computing unit (10), operating on the basis of relationships describing the aerodynamic behavior of the body with respect to the target, determines signal values (.sigma., .theta.) representing approximations of the line of sight angular rate (.sigma.) and the attitude angular rate (.theta.). The input signal to the computing unit (10) is the body control variable signal (u, u.sub.m) which is dependent on the determined approximation (.sigma.) of the line of sight angular rate. From said two signal values (.sigma., .theta.) a signal value (.epsilon.) representing an approximation of the error angle is determined. An error angle difference signal value (.DELTA..epsilon.=.epsilon..sub.m -.epsilon.

Abstract: An arrangement for distributing ventilation air in a vehicle includes a ventilation housing with at least one air distribution means for distributing air to a plurality of different outlets. A substantially cylindrical distribution chamber in said ventilation housing has an inlet and several outlets distributed circumferentially in its wall. Within said chamber there is a pivotable flap for controlling the outlets. At least three outlets are arranged within an angular sector of 180.degree. or less, and these outlets open out via separate ducts at given outlet locations in the vehicle passenger compartment.

Abstract: Method for automatic gear selection in a vehicle power transmission, said selection being catered for by a control system including an electronic unit (1) which, in response to signals representing vehicle speed and engine load, coacts with a programmable read-only memory PROM (28), in which there are stored, for each gear position, alternative speed limits for changing gear to neighboring gears and also limiting values relating to speed change and engine load for selection between said alternative speed limits. To eliminate the risk of unsuitable gear selection for heavy vehicles, e.g.

Abstract: An arrangement for protecting ignition means in an internal combustion engine includes a cylinder head and two longitudinal parallel valve cover banks mounted thereon. Between the valve cover banks there is a longitudinal space for ignition means to the respective combustion chambers of the engine. Such a space and ignition means with their connections located therein are usually subjected to dirt, which reduces the functional reliability of the engine. To eliminate this and to facilitate engine service, the space is formed as a trough with a bottom and two end walls in the cylinder head, the trough being covered by a lid joining on to the valve cover banks and to at least one of its end walls and having at least one opening for ventilation and drainage.

Abstract: The invention relates to an aircraft attitude indicator having a gyro controlled spherical display with delineations of regularly spaced meridians that maintain a vertical orientation and spaced parallels transverse to the meridians, one of which is an equator that divides the sphere into upper and lower hemispheres and corresponds to a horizon. The lower hemisphere has triangular pointer indicia, each symmetrical to a delineated meridian and with a base on a parallel and an apex proximal to the equator. The pointer indicia cooperate with a reference delineation that is relatively fixed with respect to the aircraft and substantially centered on the display. The pointer indicium nearest the reference designates the "up" direction; those adjacent to it provide information about changes in aircraft attitude relative to "up" that will result from possible maneuvers from the existing attitude.

Abstract: An arrangement in a heavy motor vehicle affords relative rotation in a conduit connection for intake air from a supercharger via a charge air cooler to the combustion engine. The supercharger and the engine are fixed to the vehicle frame, while a body unit covering the engine is tiltably mounted relative said frame. For easy access to the drive unit, the charge air cooler is fixed to the tiltably mounted body unit. For tight and strong conduit connections between charge air cooler and supercharger or engine, at least one connection has two cooperating conduit ends joined to each other to form a swivel joint permitting relative rotation between said ends about their common center line.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for preventing at a vehicle gearbox selection of an operationally erroneous gear in the absence of a gear change regulating speed signal. The absence of the gear change regulating signal is detected by a fault detection circuit or by a fault detection routine, which thereby sends an output signal to an operative circuit or the like. The operative circuit ensures that erroneous gear selection is prevented and/or triggers a fault indication.With the intention of ensuring that a fault already existing when the vehicle starts can be detected, the invention is essentially distinguished in that during the fault detection routine it is determined whether the engine is running, whether a forward gear is engaged, the clutch is engaged, and whether and with these conditions extant whether the speed has attained a given minimum speed within a predetermined time.

Abstract: Internal combustion engine with at least one combustion chamber produced within a cylinder head or similar device, it being possible to feed a fuel-and-air mixture into said combustion chamber through two inlet valves arranged in the cylinder head and to discharge from the said combustion chamber exhaust gases through two exhaust valves arranged in the cylinder head, with the invention also relating to a method of producing such a combustion chamber by means of a casting process. The invention is characterized in that the combustion chamber (1) consists of four cavities (4,5,6,7) distributed in quadrants with a circular plane forming part of base plane (8) of cylinder head (2), in that each individual cavity (4-7) has a shape which is in the main rotationally symmetrical and in that the cavities (4-7) overlap one another, whereby arc-shaped transitions are formed between cavities (4-7) in base plane (8).

Abstract: An arrangement for exhaust gas recirculation in a supercharged internal combustion engine has an intake system and an exhaust system joined to each other via a conduit for recirculating exhaust gases to an intake conduit. This recirculation is controlled by a valve in response to the engine intake pressure, said valve having control means comprising an outer and an inner chamber separated by a movable membrane attached to which is a valve member regulating the flow through the conduit. Said valve member is acted on via the membrane by a spring in the outer chamber, which chamber is connected via a conduit to the intake conduit immediately upstream of the idle position for a throttle valve pivotably mounted in the intake conduit. The inner chamber is connected via a conduit to the intake conduit upstream of the connection of the conduit from the outer chamber but downstream of a compressor of the intake system.

Abstract: A sealing device for valves comprises two co-acting sealing surfaces one of which is arranged facing outwards on a valve body which is pivotally mounted in the valve housing, and the other forming an inwards-facing surface on the seat arranged in the valve housing. When the valve is closed the two sealing surfaces are pressed against each other with a wedge-wise engagement along an engagement line or engagement zone. According to the invention at least one of the sealing surfaces is formed as a segment (S) of a toroidal figure (T) which is defined by a convex or concave curved line (G) which is rotated as a generatrix around an axis of rotation (R), out of which figure the segment is cut so that a plane (A) through the sealing surface, along which the engagement line or engagement zone is located when the valve is closed, is inclined relative to the axis of rotation (R) and is bounded in each and every direction from the latter by the curved line.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for preventing, in a vehicle transmission coacting with a system for automatic gear selection, the selection of an operationally incorrect gear in the case where a signal representing a vehicle wheel rotational speed, e.g. during braking of the vehicle, does not constitute a correct representation of the vehicle speed. There is thus calculated in the system the wheel rotational speed change, which is compared with a predetermined retardation value. If the retardation limiting value is exceeded, an operative circuit or the like is activated for ensuring that an incorrect gear selection is prevented, e.g. by selecting neutral gear.

Abstract: Method and arrangement for providing, in a vehicle ventilating and temperature-regulating system, automatic regulation of flaps for adjusting the temperature of and distributing ventilation air to the vehicle interior. In the system, a ventilation unit has at least one regulatable warm air flap for a heat exchanger mounted in the unit and at least one regulatable air distributor flap for distributing ventilation air to outlets opening out in the vehicle interior. The respective regulatory movements of the flaps are synchronized and made infinitely variable by means of servo means controlled by an electronic unit which receives signals from temperature transducers and, after comparison with signals representing actual and desired interior temperatures, transmits output signals to the servo means for regulating the relative settings of the flaps.

Abstract: In a system wherein a vehicle can be remotely controlled from any one of a plurality of control devices, each of which can emit operation command signals to the vehicle, each control device can also emit switching signals, each designating one of the other control devices and assigning control to the one designated. Each control device emits its signals in a mode unique to it, and the vehicle has a receiver for each control device, capable of receiving only signals from its control device, and a switching circuit connected with each receiver. Each switching circuit has an enabled and a disabled condition. When enabled, it carries operation signals from its receiver to actuating means whereby commands signified by operating signals are executed.

Abstract: Means for limiting rotational speed in a vertical shaft wind turbine (1) having a central hub (3) and spokes (4) extending therefrom. Spokes lying over each other support at their ends turbine blades (6) placed concentrically around the turbine shaft. Each turbine blade (6) is pivotable around a vertical axle (CA), and a leaf spring bundle (10) is in each spoke placed between the turbine blade and the base of the spoke in order to adjust, when the turbine is at a rest, the turbine blade chord angle (.beta.) in to a predetermined position and taking an unloaded state in which its center of gravity (CG) is located near and, as seen in the direction of rotation of the tubine, behind a plane (15) through the symmetry axis (CB) of the turbine shaft and the pivot axle (CA) of the turbine blade. The pivot axle (CA) of the turbine blade has such a position that the torque of the wind forces (P) around the pivot axle is reduced to a minimum.

Abstract: A motor vehicle front section has an impact-absorbing underside. A drive unit and/or at least one chassis member, attached to the front section, is fixed to a subframe. For greatest force absorption at extreme loads on the front section, e.g. in a vehicle collision, opposing abutment surfaces arranged in pairs in the subframe and supporting portions of the front structure essentially across the vehicle are urged towards each other to effect force transfer between the subframe and the supporting portions of the front structure.

Abstract: An arrangement in articulated vehicles for avoiding uncontrolled articulation movements between participating vehicle units. A transducer, sensing instantaneous speed of at least one driven vehicle wheel on the trailing vehicle unit, sends a signal in response thereto to a comparator circuit where the signal is compared with a reference signal representing a normal value for the wheel speed. If a predetermined speed difference is indicated, the comparator circuit activates means such as an operating power control means and/or an articulation brake, for limiting the articulation movement.