Abstract: A raised basic structure is first made from a conducting or nonconducting, easily structurable substitute material. Electrode material, such as platinum, is then sputtered onto the basic structure. The layer thickness of the electrode material is greater on the surface and on the side walls of the basic structure than on the neighbouring surface. After a subsequent anisotropic etching process, the electrode material remains only on the basic structure, including the top surface and the side walls. The process is applicable to memory cells having a capacitor dielectric with a high-.epsilon.-dielectric or ferroelectric material.

Abstract: A corrosion and hydride resistant nuclear fuel rod having a highly corrosion resistant outer portion in which hydride precipitation is inhibited and an inner portion in which hydride precipitation is promoted.

Abstract: A method and system for limiting scrolling and the movement of a cursor in a computer application. The computer application is operated on a computer system that has a display device with a display area. The computer application has a work area that is larger than the display area of the display device and a cursor that indicates an active area. Upper and lower and/or left and right boundaries are established by a user. Movement of the cursor is limited to the area of the computer application that is defined by the user-established boundaries. Viewing of the work area of the computer application may also be limited to the area of the computer application that is defined by the user-established boundaries. In a preferred embodiment, the method and system is applied to a computer spreadsheet application.

Abstract: An X-ray computed tomography apparatus has a radiation detector composed of X-ray converters so that the scattering of light in a scintillator or the inductive disturbance in a directly converting semiconductor is minimized or eliminated. Each X-ray converter, e.g. a scintillator is in fixed contact with a number of signal converters, e.g. photodiodes. From the output signals of the signal converters, the unsharpness can be calculated and then compensated.

Abstract: A device for dissipating heat from ferrite cores of inductive components is provided. Specifically, in order to dissipate heat from cores made from ferromagnetic material for inductive components, an electrically and thermally conductive layer which can be coupled thermally to a heat sink is provided on prescribed surface areas of the core.

Abstract: A switchgear unit comprising two switching devices (1, 2) which are provided with a reversing combination, which switchgear unit is of simple design and allows easy assembly and disassembly by the customer. The reversing combination comprises an assembly which is composed of a support (3) and an anchor (4) and is inserted into slots (7, 8) in connecting side walls (5, 6) of the switching devices (1, 2). The anchor (4) prevents the contact carriers (10) of the switching devices (1, 2) from being released at the same time and, when one of the switching devices (1 or 2) is switched on, prevents the contact carrier (10) of the other switching device (2 or 1) from being released.

Abstract: An apparatus and method is provided for exchanging telephone call information between two computers, one of which is coupled to a computerized branch exchange (CBX) which services a plurality of telephone agents, the other of which contains telephone call statistics relating to the CBX. Business value records, each including information which relates a telephone agent to a business value datum such as a sales value from a telephone call, are generated in the first computer and transmitted to the second computer for storage into a database. Similarly, account code records, each including information which relates a telephone agent to an account code indicating the nature of a particular telephone call, are generated in the first computer and transmitted to the second computer. Call segment records, each including information relating to a particular telephone call segment, are also generated in the first computer and transmitted to the second computer.

Abstract: A telephone with a mute ringer function having an automatic disabling feature includes multiple call indicators including a ringer. A power output reducing device is connected to the ringer to reduce the ringer volume prior to a connection between the telephone and a remotely located telephone. A volume switch control unit is connected to the power output reducing device to reset the ringer volume to a level established prior to a volume reduction upon detecting either connectivity to the remotely located telephone or the termination of the connection. A selecting device selects an incoming call indicator prior to the connection to the remote telephone. A reverting device automatically reverts power to a previously selected incoming call indicator upon either establishing connectivity for the call or the termination of the call. In a preferred embodiment, the ringer power output reducing device and the ringer power output resetting device include a volume switch connected to the ringer.

Abstract: In a method for detecting a variation, such as a variation in the concentration of a substance, in a flowing medium, a sample of the medium is made to flow past a sensor for detecting the variation, with the direction of flow of the sample being reversed and the velocity of the sample in relation to the sensor being reduced during passage of the sample through the sensor. A device for detecting such a variation contains a sensor and a pump controlled to reverse the direction of flow and to reduce the velocity of the sample of the medium for making a measurement of the sample.

Abstract: An electromagnetic relay has a base with a contact arrangement and a rocker armature mounted on the base. Above the base, a magnet system with a coil, a core and two yokes is provided, this system working together with the rocker armature. At least the coil with the core is embedded in the insulating material of a basic body which surrounds the base in box-type fashion with side walls that are integrally formed downwardly, and forms a sealed contact chamber. By means of the basic body surrounding the coil, a high insulation strength of the relay between the coil and the contact system is ensured, as is a high stability of the construction.

Abstract: An electric food processor has a housing in which there is arranged an electric motor with a motor shaft. A belt drives a step-down belt pulley of a vertical first shaft from the motor shaft. The first shaft is disposed vertically in the housing and working tools running in a working container that can be placed on the housing of the food processor can be coupled to the first shaft. A compact and flat construction of the food processor is assured in that the electric motor is aligned horizontally in the housing. The motor shaft rotates about a substantially horizontal axis. An intermediate shaft is mounted essentially vertically in the housing. The intermediate shaft is coupled to the motor shaft with a half-crossed, first belt and, on the other hand, is coupled to the vertical first shaft by an open, second belt. The first shaft is thus driven by the motor through the intermediary of the intermediate shaft.

Abstract: A fuel injector includes a housing having a differential piston surrounded by a coil, the differential piston carrying and surrounding an armature carrying a needle valve element. The valve seat for the needle valve is carried for movement with the differential piston. An air chamber in the injector housing communicates with the intake manifold and a fuel inlet to the fuel injector includes a check valve. At the beginning of the combustion chamber intake stroke, the differential piston is moved by a spring toward the combustion chamber, enabling the check valve to open and fuel to enter the injector fuel passages. Upon increasing pressure within the combustion chamber on the compression stroke, the differential piston is displaced to pressurize the fuel in the injector. Near the top of the compression stroke, the coil is energized and the fuel control valve is opened to inject pressurized fuel into the combustion chamber. Upon deenergization, the fuel control valve closes.

Abstract: A nuclear fuel pellet having concentric layers of nuclear fuel in which an outer layer has less fissionable nuclear fuel per unit volume and substantially the same amount of fertile material per unit volume as an inner core.

Abstract: A connection for fuel cell assemblies is disclosed. The connection includes compliant members connected to individual fuel cells and a rigid member connected to the compliant members. Adjacent bundles or modules of fuel cells are connected together by mechanically joining their rigid members. The compliant/rigid connection permits construction of generator fuel cell stacks from basic modular groups of cells of any desired size. The connections can be made prior to installation of the fuel cells in a generator, thereby eliminating the need for in-situ completion of the connections. In addition to allowing pre-fabrication, the compliant/rigid connections also simplify removal and replacement of sections of a generator fuel cell stack.

Abstract: A vehicular passenger telephone 37 according to the present invention includes an improved passenger call notification mechanism 154, 534 and user interface. A passenger telephone 37 is provided which includes a handset 506, a credit card reader 508 and a housing 507 for the handset 506 and credit card reader 508. In addition, either the handset 506 or the housing 507 includes a ringer or other call notification circuit 509. The passenger telephone 37 is operative in a first mode such that call notification is provided by the handset or housing ringer 509. The passenger telephone 37 is operative in a second mode such that the vehicle=s entertainment system 150 is employed to provide private call notification. In a first embodiment, call notification is provided via an audio headset 152. In a second embodiment, call notification is provided via a video display terminal 252.

Abstract: A contact material, a shaped article or contact piece and a process for producing a shaped article from a contact material based on silver, include forming a powder mixture from silver and a metal oxide, and metallurgically processing the powder to form the shaped article with the metal oxide being reduced to metal. Since metal oxide powders are obtainable with a very much smaller particle size than metal powders, it is possible to obtain a contact material with a mean particle size of the metal incorporated as an active component of less than 1 .mu.m. Such a contact material has particularly favorable switching properties as a result of the fine particle size.

Abstract: A method and system for converting memory addresses into memory selection signals wherein memory modules are inserted into insertion regions of a memory and logical capacity and configuration information is derived from the number and type of modules inserted into the memory. The logical capacity and configuration information is used to generate memory selection signals which optimize the use of the overall memory.

Abstract: A method and a system are provided for improved mail networking. A call transfer condition is first detected. A call transfer condition occurs immediately before a call is transferred to a first mail messaging system (56). Communication then occurs between local call processor (20) and remote call processor (60). The system determines if a call transfer is supported by a common protocol of both the second mail messaging system (16 ) and the first mail messaging system (56). If a common protocol is supported, the call is transferred to local voice mail system (16). The user (12) then provides a message which is received by the second mail messaging system (16). This message is automatically forwarded to the first mail messaging system (56) at a later time.

Abstract: A valve assembly (14) has an internal main flow passage through a valve body (24) between a first port (25) and a second port (26), an electric actuator (30), and a valve (86) operated by an armature (58) of the actuator to selectively open and close the passage. A force-balancing mechanism (92) applies to the valve (86) a force that opposes force created by pressure differential between the first and second ports. This mechanism includes an internal chamber (126) bounded in part by a fluid-impermeable movable wall (94) that extends between and is sealed to both the body (24) and the valve (86), and a communication passage (110, 112) that communicates one of the ports (26) to the chamber space when the valve is closing the passage. The valve (86) has a head part (88) and a seal part (90) joined together. The seal part seals the head part to the valve seat (29) when the valve is closing the passage. A retainer part (116) holds the inner margin of the movable wall sealed on the head part.

Abstract: A control system for the linearization of an amplifier circuit having a power amplifier operating in the non-linear region for the amplification of an RF input signal. In a modulator a local oscillator is derived from a coupled-out input measurement signal. In a mixer, the local oscillator signal is mixed with the input and output measurement signal to form a respective intermediate-frequency signal. In a detector, level signals are derived from the intermediate-frequency signal and are compared in an amplitude controller. A derived amplitude control signal controls an amplitude controlling element for the linearization of the amplification of the input signal.