Abstract: Refractory-reinforced multiphase high entropy alloys (RHEAs) advantageously providing high strength and fracture toughness in an as-AM deposited condition and other conditions are described.

Abstract: Metal halide perovskite crystals, composite materials that include metal halide perovskite crystals and a polymeric matrix material, devices that include metal halide perovskite crystals, and methods of forming metal halide perovskite crystals, composite materials, and devices. The devices may include optoelectronic devices, such as light-emitting diodes. The light-emitting diodes may emit red light.

Abstract: This discloses that compounds of Formula 1 have antifibrotic properties. In particular, this discloses a pharmaceutical composition including one or more compounds of Formula 1 and methods of using compounds of Formula 1 in fibrosis treatment and inhibiting type 1 collagen synthesis.

Abstract: This disclosure presents systems, devices, and methods that use magnetometers to measure large magnetic moments with strong magnetic anisotropy. A torque magnetometer may include an actuator driven by a motor, a load cell coupled to the actuator, a rotatable spool having a platform configured to hold a sample of a superconductor material, where the rotatable spool is coupled to the load cell by a first line, a pulley, and a second line extending between the rotatable spool and a counterweight, where the second line is positioned on the pulley. Movement of the actuator may cause the rotatable spool to rotate an angle of the platform relative to a magnetic field about the rotatable spool, and the load cell is capable of measuring the tension on the first line.

Abstract: Compounds and treatment methods with compounds exhibiting antiviral activity and/or inhibition of viral replication against viruses, particularly those belonging to the picornavirus-like supercluster, including coronavirus having a formula: or a prodrug or pharmaceutically-acceptable salt thereof, where: each X comprises at least one cyclic moiety directly attached to the oxygen or connected via an alkyl linkage, where at least one of the linkage and/or the X moiety comprises a deuterium substitution; and Z is selected from the group consisting of aldehydes and bisulfite salts, or the ester or carbamate prodrugs thereof.

Abstract: Various examples are provided related to 3D airgap electric machines and winding embedded liquid cooling. In one example, an electric machine includes a stator assembly with stator windings supported by a stator core and an outer rotor assembly includes a radial plate surrounding the stator assembly and an endplate at a first end of the radial plate adjacent to the first end of the stator core. The stator windings can include a first portion extending along an axial length of the stator core and a second portion at a first end of the stator core that extends radially inward towards a shaft of the electric machine. The radial plate can include magnets distributed about the radial plate. In another example, a stator assembly includes stator windings supported by a stator core with a winding support including cooling channels distributed between the stator windings. The winding support can be nonmagnetic.

Abstract: Methods and compositions for multiplexed protein-protein interaction profiling (e.g., immunoprofiling), based on nucleic acid tagging of polypeptides (e.g., by RNA display) are described. In some embodiments the described compositions and methods utilize a library of prey polypeptide targets linked to prey RNAs encoding them, and a population of bait polypeptides, e.g., a mixture of antibodies, that bind to one or more of the prey polypeptide targets and are used to isolate and identify the bound prey polypeptide targets by amplification of their associated prey RNAs and sequencing of the corresponding cDNAs. In other embodiments the prey polypeptide targets are linked to DNA Bar Codes, which serve as unique identifiers of the tagged polypeptide.

Abstract: The disclosure provides methods of treating a condition of the retina by administering an inhibitor of connexin 36 and/or an inhibitor of connexin 45 to a subject with a retinal condition. This disclosure further provides compositions for the treatment of a retinal condition which include an inhibitor of connexin 36 and/or an inhibitor of connexin 45.

Abstract: A mold capable of preparing a cellular or acellular construct includes a block including a three-dimensional cavity for a sample, a base, and a removable sheet inserted between the block and the base. The sheet may be coated with silicone grease prior to insertion of the sheet between the block and the base. Mechanical constraints may be included at each end of the cavity to constrain cell driven contraction and to allow for gripping the sample after the sample is removed from the mold. The sample may be prepared by partially filling the cavity with gel, filling the remaining portion of the cavity with culture media, and allowing a three-dimensional sample to culture within the cavity for a time. The sample may be transported to a bioreactor and ejected from the mold by removing the sheet and applying pressure to the mechanical constraints.

Abstract: Isolated or recombinant EphA5 or GRP78 targeting antibodies are provided. In some cases, antibodies of the embodiments can be used for the detection, diagnosis and/or therapeutic treatment of human diseases, such as cancer. A method of rapidly identifying antibodies or antibody fragments for the treatment of cancer using a combination of in vitro and in vivo methodologies is also provided.

Abstract: Compositions and methods relating to bacterial ribosomes selected to increase the incorporation of at least one glycosylated amino acid into a protein versus a wild-type bacterial ribosome. Selection embodiments include growing bacteria in the presence of a puromycin derivative, wherein a surviving clone has a ribosome that incorporates at least one glycosylated amino acid into a protein.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method of preparing titanium dioxide-coated nanostars. Titanium precursors are hydrolyzed into crystalline TiO2 polymorphs at low temperatures, allowing the delicate morphology of the nanostars to be preserved while maintaining their desirable photocatalytic properties.

Abstract: A framework includes a system and associated computer-implemented methods for detecting behavioral changes in a dynamical system that can lead to unsafe conditions before an output of the dynamical system violates a safety threshold, especially for dynamical systems with unmodeled inputs and unmodeled dynamics. In particular, the framework aims to detect “unknown-unknown” errors that may be present in a post-deployment model of the dynamical system that may not be anticipated or modellable by its designers, and are often not directly observable through input-output traces. This is achieved by evaluating conformance of post-deployment model coefficients of the post-deployment model with respect to a set of pre-deployment (ideal) model coefficients. The framework can estimate a future time step where the output of the dynamical system is expected to violate a safety violation based on the post-deployment model.

Abstract: Systems and methods for regulating fluid flow are provided. A valve for regulating fluid flow includes a tubing, a regulating element, and an actuator. The tubing is configured to allow fluid flow therethrough. The regulating element is arranged proximate to the tubing. The actuator is arranged proximate to the regulating element, and is configured to manipulate a parameter associated with the regulating element.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for evaluating soybean quality are disclosed. Automated or semi-automated image processing can be implemented with commercially available machine vision hardware. Post-harvest soybeans are separated, imaged, and analyzed to assess grain quality factors used in official grading. The system may be used prior to sale, purchase, further harvesting, or planting subsequent crops. The system reduces inspection errors, reduces variance in results, increases efficiency, enhances repeatability, and improves the standardization of soybean quality evaluation. Shape analysis, color analysis, and Haralick texture analysis are employed to determine when certain types of damage are present, to distinguish between types of damage, and to classify grains as smooth, cracked, or wrinkled. The system is sufficiently robust to allow successful deployment in rural, remote, and non-standard environments.

Abstract: Disclosed are examples of a computer implemented screening system for large language models (LLMs). The disclosed examples are designed to address technical issues and other concerns associated with LLMs by conducting automatic screening on the input and output of these models. In some variations, the described technology is directed to a system for analyzing the accuracy of large language models (e.g., ChatGPT) in performing textual math word problems. Users input word math problems into the LLM, the output is then analyzed by the proposed technique and the user is given a score of how accurate the LLM response is.

Abstract: Disclosed herein are embodiments of methods for encoding, decoding, and matching patterns in collections of signals. These methods use weighting functions to scale the signals. This scaling enables the use of signals of arbitrary duration, wherein the signals may include discrete sequences and spike trains. In the most general case, the signals can be represented using functionals, which extends the expressive power of the methods. Further disclosed herein are embodiments of a system that performs these methods.

Abstract: Probiotic bacteria are genetically modified to produce and excrete enhanced levels of the inhibitory neurotransmitter gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA). Exemplary probiotic bacteria include Lactococcus lactis (L. lactis). The genetically modified probiotic bacteria can be prepared as an aqueous suspension and/or incorporated into food and nutraceuticals for oral administration to a subject. An oral formulation including the genetically modified probiotic bacteria can be used to treat inflammatory diseases and/or behavioral disorders caused by or associated with GABA-GABA signaling deficiency or by excess of excitatory neurotransmitters (such as glutamate). Inflammatory conditions that can be treated with the genetically modified probiotic bacteria include multiple sclerosis (MS) and irritable bowel disease (IBD).

Abstract: A photovoltaic device includes a first electrode, a second electrode, and a photoactive layer between the first electrode and the second electrode. The photoactive layer includes a first organic salt. The first organic salt includes a photoactive ion and a counterion. The photoactive ion has a first valence selected from the group consisting of: 1+, 2+, 3+, 4+, 5+, 6+, 7+, 8+, 1?, 2?, 3?, 4?, 5?, 6?, 7?, or 8?. The counterion has a second valence selected from the group consisting of: 1+, 2+, 3+, 4+, 5+, 6+, 7+, 8+, 2?, 3?, 4?, 5?, 6?, 7?, or 8?. A sum of a magnitude of the first valence and a magnitude of the second valence is greater than or equal to 3. A net charge of the first organic salt is zero.

Abstract: Hypermethylation near promoter regions prevents expression and is associated with pathogenesis in diseases. Hundreds of methylation barriers contain a 41-bp DNA sequence motif that is common across a variety of genes. The present disclosure provides computational and experimental methods to investigate methylation barriers. More than 500 methylation barriers are identified that shared a common 41-bp sequence motif (MB-41).