Abstract: A method of fabricating an optical element, comprises fabricating a three-dimensional mold having a relief pattern complementary to a pattern of the optical element to be fabricated, contacting the relief pattern with a solidifiable transmissive material, and solidifying the material thereby forming a transmissive substrate having the pattern thereupon. The method also comprises contacting the transmissive substrate with one or more substances wherein a difference in refractive indices between the substance(s) and the transmissive substrate is less than about 0.1.

Abstract: A system for directional detection of radiation, comprises a plurality of scintillating crystals, responsive to the radiation and being arranged three-dimensionally, with voids between adjacent crystals, such that there are crystals that are inner and crystals that are outer within the arrangement. The system also comprises a plurality of light sensors coupled to the crystals for receiving optical signals from the crystals and responsively generating electrical signals, and a data processor receiving an electrical signal separately from each light sensor and calculating a direction of the radiation based on relative intensities of the signals and mutual occultation among different crystals.

Abstract: There is provided a computer implemented method of manufacturing a truss of a three dimensional (3D) object representation, comprising: receiving a definition of the 3D object representation, arranging within an interior space of the 3D object representation, a plurality of instances of a sphere having a common radius to create a packed sphere arrangement, computing nodes of a truss for the 3D object representation, each respective node positioned at a center of each respective instance of each sphere of the packed sphere arrangement, computing beams of the truss by connecting adjacent nodes with respective beams, and providing code instructions for execution by a manufacturing device controller of a manufacturing device for manufacturing the truss.

Abstract: Yeast strains are disclosed that are capable of surviving high ethanol concentrations and propagating in high ethanol concentrations. Genes that are involved in ethanol tolerance are disclosed as well.

Abstract: The present disclosure describes an interferometer interfering a plurality of bosonic particles at one or more inputs so as to form one or more first outputs, one or more second outputs, and one or more third outputs. The one or more third outputs output one or more purified bosonic particles depending on the presence of absence of bosonic particles at the first outputs and second outputs.

Abstract: Disclosed is a method for activating a surface of metals, such as self-passivated metals, and of metal-oxide dissolution, effected using a fluoroanion-containing composition. Also disclosed is an electrochemical cell utilizing an aluminum-containing anode material and a fluoroanion-containing electrolyte, characterized by high efficiency, low corrosion, and optionally mechanical or electrochemical rechargeability. Also disclosed is a process for fusing (welding, soldering etc.) a self-passivated metal at relatively low temperature and ambient atmosphere, and a method for electrodepositing a metal on a self-passivated metal using metal-oxide source.

Abstract: A method of using memristor aided logic (MAGIC), comprises connecting together two input and one output memristor between a bit line and a word line, each memristor having a high resistance state and a low resistance state, setting the output memristor to the low resistance state as an initiation state and then applying logic inputs to the input memristors. The output then depends on whether the logic inputs have set the output memristor to the high resistance state.

Abstract: A scaffold comprising electrospun decellularized ECM of an organ, wherein the decellularized ECM has a similar protein composition to native ECM of the organ. Methods of generating same are also disclosed as well as uses of same.

Abstract: An electronic memory block comprises phase change memory cells for memory storage and further phase change memory cells forming logic gates, to provide in-memory data processing.

Abstract: A process of preparing a conductive oxide interface is described herein, comprising contacting a surface of a first oxide with a plasma of a reducing gas to obtain a treated surface, and depositing a second oxide on the treated surface, thereby obtaining a conductive oxide interface between the first oxide and the second oxide. Further described herein are composites and articles of manufacture comprising same, the composites comprising a first oxide and second oxide, and an interface between the first oxide and second oxide which comprises a conductive oxide interface, wherein the conductive oxide interface comprises nitrogen atoms and/or the second oxide is in an amorphous form and the conductive oxide interface is characterized by a sheet resistance of no more than 105 omega/square.

Abstract: Disclosed embodiments are a computing system and a computer-implemented method for distributed training of a machine learning model over a plurality of computing nodes, in a plurality of iterations, characterized by gradient gap based mitigation of the gradient staleness problem. The disclosed method evaluates the staleness of the gradient based on the difference in gradients between a central point, for example an iteration's common starting point, and the points reached by the respective computing node during one or more iterations, and aggregates the update steps from the plurality of computing nodes, while giving more weight to computing nodes having a lesser change in the gradient.

Abstract: A method of applying proof of lottery to select block forgers in a blockchain, comprising performing the following at a certain one of a plurality of computing nodes connected to a blockchain network: (1) transmitting one or more of a plurality of participation transactions submitted by at least some of the plurality of computing nodes for participating in selection process conducted to select forgers from the plurality of computing nodes to forge blocks to be added to the blockchain; (2) determining a respective forger, during each selection process, by applying a selection function to an outcome of a hash function and a plurality of participation transactions extracted from a first subset of blocks preceding the respective block, the hash function is applied to a second subset of blocks preceding the respective block; and (3) forging the respective block in case the certain computing node is selected as the respective forger.

Abstract: Conjugates of fibrinogen and a plurality of curable groups covalently attached thereto, and curable formulations comprising such conjugates, are provided. Also provided are three-dimensional objects (scaffolds) made of the conjugate or the curable formulation, for example, by additive manufacturing, and uses thereof in, for example, tissue healing and/or regeneration.

Abstract: The invention provides a method for treating cancer comprising the step of administering a therapeutically effective amount of KPC1, a peptide which is at least about 70% homologous to the KPC1 or an agent which up-regulates KPC1. In some embodiments, there is also provided a method for treating cancer comprising the step of administering a therapeutically effective amount of p50, a peptide which is at least about 70% homologous to the p50 or an agent which up-regulates p50.

Abstract: A digital to analog converter is constructed using a neural network layer. The converter has inputs for receiving parallel bits of a digital input signal and an output for outputting an analog signal which is based on the digital input. Connecting the input and the output is a neural network layer which is configured to convert the parallel bits into an output analog signal that is representative of the digital input signal. The neural network may be hardwired and the synapses may rely on memristors as programmable elements.

Abstract: Well-defined, xeno-free culture media which comprise a TGF-beta isoform or the chimera formed between IL6 and the soluble IL6 receptor (IL6RIL6), which are capable of maintaining stem cells, and particularly, human embryonic stem cells, in an undifferentiated state are provided. Also provided are cell cultures comprising the culture media and the stem cells and methods of expanding and deriving embryonic stem cells in such well-defined, xeno-free culture media. In addition, the present invention provides methods of differentiating ESCs or EBs formed therefrom for the generation of lineage specific cells.

Abstract: There is provided a method of computing lineage, comprising: managing a dataset of records, each record associated with set(s) of vectors of real numbers that encode an approximation of lineage of the respective record, the set(s) of vectors computed by an encoding process, obtaining result record(s) in response to executing a query on the dataset, computing set(s) of vectors for the result record(s), searching the set(s) of vectors on the records of the dataset to identify a record associated with a subset of vectors that are statistically similar to the set(s) of vectors for the result record(s), and providing a subset of the records corresponding to the identified subset of records, the subset of the records having a likelihood of contributing to the existence of the result record(s) in response to execution of the query.

Abstract: The ubiquitin ligase, RNF5, regulates the gut microbiota composition and influences the immune checkpoint response to tumors. RNF5 deficient animals exhibit significant inhibition of tumor development as well as an altered gut microbiota composition. Methods of treating cancer by administering to a subject one or more selected bacterial species and/or one or more prebiotics that promote the growth of one or more selected bacterial species are disclosed. Also disclosed are methods of treating cancer by administering to a subject one or more selected bacterial species and/or one or more prebiotics that promote the growth of one or more selected bacterial species in combination with one or more anti-cancer agents.

Abstract: A system and a method for separation of ions from ions-containing medium is disclosed herein, that utilizes capacitive-faradaic fuel cells (CFFC) particles coated at least partially with catalysts capable of catalyzing redox reactions provided a reductant (fuel) and/or an oxidant, thereby polarizing the particles to more effectively absorb charged species (ions) from the water upon introducing, e.g., H2 gas or O2 gas, in the medium during the adsorption or regeneration. The same concept is utilized in a hybrid electrochemical cell for providing a system and a method for generating and converting electrochemical energy.

Abstract: A modular robotic surgical system comprising: a base; a plurality of tool-receivers arranged as separate units, each tool-receiver unit operable to move an elongate surgical tool received therein; a plurality of interface coupling pairs, each coupling pair comprising a first coupler as part of the base and a second coupler as part of each of the tool-receiver units; wherein each of the tool-receiver units is independently and interchangeably attachable to the base via the coupling pair.