Abstract: A method of optical spectroscopy for analysing a sample using an optical spectrometer is provided. The method comprises obtaining a sample spectrum of the sample using the optical spectrometer and obtaining a blank spectrum using the optical spectrometer. The blank spectrum comprises structured background radiation which is correlated with the sample spectrum. A cross-correlation of the sample spectrum and the blank spectrum is determined. A mapped blank spectrum is generated by mapping the blank spectrum to the sample spectrum based on the cross-correlation, and the mapped blank spectrum is subtracted from the sample spectrum to generate a background corrected sample spectrum.

Abstract: An electrospray ionization system used in mass spectrometry provides for improved current measurement. The system includes a fluid union, a fluid column coupled with a first port of the fluid union, a power source coupled with the fluid union and configured to apply a voltage potential to the fluid union, and an electrospray emitter coupled with a second port of the fluid union. The power source is coupled with the first port and configured to apply the voltage potential to the first port to restrict current leakage from the fluid union. The current sensing circuit is configured to determine an electrical current flow between the power source and the at least one of the fluid union and the first port.

Abstract: Systems and methods for providing load shedding in a vehicle are provided. Particularly, the vehicle may be an electric vehicle and the loads that are shed may be HVAC or refrigeration loads. The load shedding methods and systems may include a predictive model of energy consumption, determining a predicted energy consumption and comparing it to a stored energy at the vehicle. If the predicted energy consumption exceeds the stored energy, load shedding operations may be performed at a transport climate control system, such as adjusting a set point, adjusting an operating mode of the transport climate control system, increasing a dead band of a compressor of the transport climate control system, utilizing free cooling such as ambient air to provide climate control in the vehicle, or increasing cooling provided by the transport climate control system to an energy storage of the vehicle.

Abstract: An isotope ratio mass spectrometer has an ion source, a static field mass filter, a reaction cell to induce a mass shift reaction, and a sector field mass analyser for spatially separating ions from the reaction cell according to their m/z. A detector platform detects a plurality of different ion species separated by the sector field mass analyser. The static field mass filter has a first Wien filter that deflects ions away from a longitudinal symmetry axis of the spectrometer in accordance with the ions' m/z, and a second Wien filter that deflects ions back towards the longitudinal symmetry axis in accordance with the ions' m/z. An inverting lens is positioned along the longitudinal axis between the Wien filters to invert the direction of deflection of the ions from the first Wien filter. The static field mass filter provides high transmission and improved spectrometer sensitivity. The first and second Wien filters permit simple tuning.

Abstract: A conversion circuit is arranged for converting an ion detection current (id) produced by an ion detector into an ion detection signal (P). The conversion circuit comprises an input stage for converting the ion detection current (id) into an ion detection voltage (Vd), an output stage for converting the ion detection voltage into the detection signal (P), the output stage being arranged for drawing a first current dependent on the ion detection voltage, and a supplementary stage for providing a second current (is) dependent on the ion detection voltage to the output stage. The second current may be substantially equal to the first current.

Abstract: Real-time search (RTS) for mass spectrometry is described. In one aspect, a mass spectrometer can identify a candidate peptide for a product ion spectrum by searching a mass spectral database. While executing the search of the mass spectral database, the elapsed search time can be monitored. If the elapsed search time of the identification of the candidate peptide is completed before reaching a maximum value, then the mass spectrometer can perform further actions.

Abstract: A method of operating a mass spectrometer that allows for high-speed operation is disclosed. The method consists in separating the various steps needed to produce a mass spectrum into three or more conceptual stages in a pipeline, such that the instrument is performing steps to process more than two precursor-ion species simultaneously. In general, the number of stages in the pipeline should at least one more and, preferably, at least two more than the number of buffering storage devices in the instrument. The presently-taught methods and apparatus allow for nearly 100% duty cycle of ion accumulation for precursors of interest.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to a power converter for use in a host vehicle. The power converter comprises a DC link, a DC link capacitor, and a pre-charge circuit configured to charge the DC link capacitor. The pre-charge circuit comprises a boost converter comprising a switch and inductor coupling terminals configured to couple to an inductive component external to the power converter.

Abstract: A method of analysing a signal generated by a mass analyser comprises receiving a signal generated by the mass analyser, determining the area of a first ion peak of one or more ion peaks in the signal, and estimating the number of ions that contributed to the first ion peak. The number of ions that contributed to the first ion peak is estimated by determining a correction to be applied to the area of the first ion peak from a correction function, and applying the correction to the area of the first ion peak. The correction function describes a relationship between average single ion area and ion mass, mass-to-charge ratio and/or charge for the mass analyser.

Abstract: Technologies for safely lowering a DC link voltage potential include detecting shut down of a system that is powered by the DC link energy storage system and initiating an operating mode to dissipate energy as a form of loss without utilizing an additional resistor, that is, dissipating the DC link internally to the enclosed power module.

Abstract: An ion guide with a switchable ion path for a spectrometer includes a first ion transport aperture configured to receive an ion beam. A radio frequency surface comprises a plurality of radio frequency electrodes arranged on a first surface, such that the radio frequency electrodes are parallel. A radio frequency voltage source is configured to apply an alternating radio frequency phase to each radio frequency electrode. A DC potential source is configured to apply a DC gradient across the radio frequency surface. The DC gradient is configured to guide an ion beam via either a first ion path or a second ion path. Ions travelling in the first ion path are directed between the first ion transport aperture and a second ion transport aperture. Ions travelling in the second ion path are directed between the first ion transport aperture and a third ion transport aperture.

Abstract: An ion optical arrangement (1) for use in a mass spectrometer comprises a collision cell defining an ion optical axis along which ions may pass, electrodes comprising a set of parallel poles (11A, 11B, 11C) arranged in the collision cell, and a voltage source for providing voltages to the electrodes to produce electric fields. The ion optical arrangement is arranged for switching between a first operation mode in which the collision cell is pressurized and a second operation mode in which the collision cell is substantially evacuated. The ion optical arrangement is further arranged for producing a radio frequency electric focusing field in the first operation mode and a static electric focusing field in the second operation mode.

Abstract: A metal-channel conversion dynode comprises: a wafer comprising a first face and a second face parallel to the first face and having a thickness less than 1000 ?m; and a plurality of channels passing through the wafer from the first face to the second face at an angle to a plane of the first face and a plane of the second face. In some embodiments, each inter-channel distance may be substantially the same as the wafer thickness. In some embodiments, the wafer is fabricated from tungsten. In some other embodiments, the wafer comprises a non-electrically conductive material that is fabricated by three-dimensional (3D) printing or other means and that is coated, on its faces and within its channels, with a metal or suitably conductive coating that produces secondary electrons upon impact by either positive or negative ions.

Abstract: There is disclosed a refrigeration system comprising a refrigeration circuit that includes a compressor, a condenser, an expansion valve and an evaporator. A condenser fan of the refrigeration system is configured to operate, under the control of a controller, at a condenser fan speed that is set based on a current refrigeration demand on the system.

Abstract: Systems and methods for using a diesel particulate filter (DPF) heater as a load bank to maintain a minimum exhaust temperature for a diesel oxidation catalyst (DOC) paired with a prime mover are provided. The system includes a prime mover coupled with a generator, a compressor powered by the prime mover, a DOC disposed downstream from the prime mover, and a controller. The prime mover is separate from another prime mover used for operating a vehicle. The controller is configured to determine a load of the generator, to determine a load of the compressor, to determine a load of the prime mover based on the determined load of the generator and the determined load the compressor, and to control the load of the prime mover to maintain a minimum exhaust temperature for the DOC.

Abstract: Methods and systems for conveying or operationalizing data from a transport climate control system (TCCS) that provides climate control within an internal space moved by a vehicle are disclosed. A method includes determining, by a controller of the TCCS, a set of TCCS operational measurements; obtaining, by the controller, a set of TCCS operational settings; determining, by the controller, a set of cargo measurements; creating a shipment performance log based on the set of TCCS operational measurements, the set of TCCS operational settings, and the set of cargo measurements; publishing the shipment performance log to a data repository; and retrieving the shipment performance log to facilitate disposition of goods in the internal space.