Abstract: A fluidized bed reactor for thermally pre-treating solid raw materials containing water using a stepped, stationary fluidized bed, including at least two concentrically arranged treatment zones. Each treatment zone has at least one separate gas inlet for fluidizing gas. Each treatment zone is divided from the respective other adjacent treatment zone by an overflow weir, and the innermost treatment zone has an outlet on the floor for reaction products. The solid raw material is fed into the outermost treatment zone of the fluidized bed. A first temperature and a first residence time are set in a first step, and a second temperature and a second residence time are set in a second. The temperatures of the fluidizing gas of the first and second steps are controlled separately. The fluidized material flows from the outer treatment zone over a weir into the inner treatment zone, and is drawn through the outlet.
Abstract: With an apparatus for supplying multiple burners with fine-grained fuel from a storage container, with thermal conversion of solid fuels in a gasification reactor, wherein the storage container is equipped with a discharge cone, a solution is supposed to be created with which the required excess gas amounts can be reduced and it is possible to do without separate discharge cones per burner line, without giving up the uncoupling of the burner lines. This is achieved in that the discharge cone (1) is equipped, at least in certain regions, with a gas-permeable wall region (6, 6?) and with at least two solids discharge lines (15) that lead to the burners.
Type:
Application
Filed:
April 15, 2011
Publication date:
February 14, 2013
Applicant:
THYSSENKRUPP UHDE GMBH
Inventors:
Stefan Hacker, Stefan Hamel, Eberhard Kuske
Abstract: A process and an apparatus for desulphurisation of a feed stream containing olefins and hydrogen which is split into at least two feed streams. The first feed stream is introduced into the reactor and reaches a first catalyst bed and is heated by the hydrogenation reaction. Downstream the second feed stream is supplied which will cool down the reaction gas which can then be passed through a second catalyst bed. The content the feed streams can be controlled by adding olefins or dilution gas. The reaction will generate a product gas which will basically contain hydrogen sulphide as a sulphur compound. The temperature of the catalysts and of the gas flow is controlled via the olefin content in the feed streams. The higher the olefin content in the feed stream, the more intense the heating of the gas flow by the hydrogenation heat in the subsequent catalyst bed.
Abstract: The hydrogen sulphide content of natural gas obtained from the extraction of sour-gas containing crude oil/ natural gas mixtures, is reduced by reducing the high pressure of a raw crude oil/ natural gas mixture to 70-130 bar, separating an outgassing raw gas from the crude oil, cooling the outgassed raw gas and simultaneously drawing off a liquid medium which condenses from the outgassing raw gas during cooling. The outgassed raw gas is subjected, after pressure reduction, to gas scrubbing by a physically active solvent. The laden solvent is directed to at least one pressure reduction step to obtain H2S outgas from the solvent. The pressure of the crude oil is further reduced in two subsequent steps to 20-40 bar and 2-15 bar and additional H2S rich raw gas streams are separated from the crude oil which outgas therefrom.
Abstract: A process is described for purifying synthesis gas by means of a pressure swing adsorption unit which is desorbed by a vacuum produced by a so-called ejector, which is driven by steam generated by a heat exchanger which uses the heat in the flue gas duct or in the useful-gas duct for the generation of steam. The pressure swing adsorption unit is operated advantageously in cyclic turns of adsorption under excess pressure, depressurization desorption and vacuum desorption and the gas desorbed by the ejector being cooled in a cooler so that the contained steam can be condensed and discharged or is advantageously returned to the feed gas for the synthesis gas production. The foreign gas desorbed by the pressure swing adsorption unit, which contains at least partly not yet consumed fuel gas, is recycled to the fuel gas. In an advantageous embodiment, the vacuum from the ejector is stored in an intermediate tank and applied to the pressure swing adsorption unit according to the vacuum desorption cycle.
Type:
Grant
Filed:
February 17, 2009
Date of Patent:
January 29, 2013
Assignee:
UHDE GmbH
Inventors:
Thilo Von Trotha, Vincent Liu, Michael Wyschofsky
Abstract: A process for workup of an industrial carbon dioxide-rich gas to be freed of sulfur components, in which an industrial gas to be freed of sulfur components is purified by a gas scrubbing, and the laden solvent is freed of carbon dioxide and hydrogen sulfide by a regeneration to obtain at least one acid gas fraction having a relatively high content of sulfur components, and the fraction with the highest hydrogen sulfide (H2S) content is supplied to a Claus plant with downstream Claus process gas hydrogenation, and at least one carbon dioxide-laden, low-hydrogen sulfide acid gas fraction from the regeneration device, which has a reduced sulfur content compared to the fraction with the highest hydrogen sulfide (H2S) content, is combined with the hydrogenated Claus process gas to give a combined process gas stream, which is supplied to further processing or to recycling into the process.
Abstract: A method and apparatus for processing a sour gas rich in carbon dioxide in a Claus process, so sulfur compounds are removed by a selective solvent in a gas scrubbing process. Sulfur components and carbon dioxide, are separated into at least two sour gas fractions, wherein at least one sour gas fraction having a higher content of sulfur components is obtained, wherein the fraction having the highest hydrogen sulfide content is introduced in the thermal reaction stage of the Claus furnace with a gas containing oxygen by means of a burner. The sulfur is converted to sulfur dioxide in the thermal reaction stage of the Claus furnace and exhaust gases are discharged into the closed Claus reaction chamber behind the burner. The remaining sour gas fractions stripped of sulfur components are fed to the Claus reaction chamber and are mixed with the combustion gases leaving the burner.
Abstract: A device for condensing, separating, and storing sulfur in a Claus plant. having a Claus furnace, waste heat boiler, and Claus reactor. Plant parts are supported on a floor or comparable device, and an immersion chamber is provided below the Claus plant and optionally also below a device arranged upstream for gas scrubbing. The immersion chamber receives the sulfur in a siphoning manner, wherein the excess sulfur flows at least 4.00 meters deeper from the immersion chamber into a ground-level container in which the immersion chamber is arranged. The invention further relates to a method, by means of which liquid sulfur is conducted into an immersion chamber, wherein the immersion chamber is arranged at a height level below the waste heat boiler and the Claus reactor so that the liquid sulfur reaches the immersion chamber without further pumping and overcomes a height difference of at least 4.00 meters.
Abstract: A method for coking coals having high driving pressure properties in a “non-recovery” or “heat-recovery” coking oven, wherein a coking oven battery which is composed of coking oven chambers arranged side by side is used for cyclic coking of coal, and wherein an amount of coal preheated to a high temperature is admitted into the coking chamber that is to be filled at such a level that the driving pressure resulting from the coking can escape over the coke cake into the gas chamber, in such a manner that the coking oven chamber wall surrounding the coking oven chamber is relieved by the driving pressure resulting from the coking. Also disclosed is a device with which this method can be carried out.
Abstract: Described is a method for the coking of coal, in particular coal with a high or alternating volatility, in coking plants comprising coking chambers, according to the non-recovery method or the heat-recovery method. Also described is device, which can be used to carry out said method simply, as the overheating of the coking furnace is prevented by the injection of water vapor. If a battery of coking furnaces is used, the disclosed method can be carried out irrespective of the number of said furnaces.
Abstract: A method for producing individual compacts made of coke and suitable for coke oven chambers by dividing a coal cake in a non-mechanical manner, wherein the coal cake is produced by a compression method according to the prior art and the coal cake is divided by non-mechanical, energy-supplying media, and the non-mechanical media supplying shearing energy are, for example, a laser beam, a high-pressure water jet, an abrasive-solid jet, an ultrasonic beam, a compressed-air jet, or a gas jet. By using the method, coal compacts can be produced from coal cakes without forming dust, without wearing out cutting tools, and with high precision.
Abstract: With a method for the gasification of a biomass in a fluidized bed, wherein the biomass is first pre-dried and passed to the fluidized bed gasifier, subsequently the raw gas from the gasifier impacts a recirculation cyclone and subsequently at least one raw gas cooler, the yield of such a method of procedure is supposed to be improved and the system costs are supposed to be lowered. This is achieved in that the dusts that occur in the hot gas filter that follows the raw gas cooler are recirculated into the introduction system of the biomass.
Abstract: A method and apparatus for drying a natural gas or an industrial gas that contains acidic gas components, wherein gas drying is followed by the removal of the acidic gas components from the dried gas. The same physical solvent is used for both of the process steps of gas drying and of acidic gas removal. The gas to be dried is brought into contact with the physical solvent, which absorbs most of the water contained in the gas. The physical solvent, loaded with water, is transferred into a solvent regenerating device to be heated where the water contained in the solvent is stripped from the solvent in the countercurrent by acidic gas that is removed from the dried useful gas during the acidic gas absorption. The acidic gas being released again in the acidic gas solvent regenerating device, stripped from the solvent, and discharged from the solvent regenerating device.
Abstract: A method for removing acid gases from a fluid flow using an absorbent including an aqueous solution with at least two different amines. An amine in a proportion of greater than 50 wt. % of the total amine amount in the aqueous solution is the first amine component in the aqueous solution, and a sterically hindered amine in a proportion of less than 50 wt. % is the second amine component in the aqueous solution. The fluid flow is brought into contact with the absorbent at a partial pressure of <200 mbar.
Abstract: With the help of a fixing device for catalyzer particles, wherein the catalyzer particles are packed in a bed which can be passed through by a gas flow in the direction of gravity, it is intended to achieve a minimum specific pressure loss which will remain low even if dirt should arise from the operating process; a fixing device which has a minimum influence on the period of presence of the gas flowing through; which ensures the reliable hold-down of the catalyzer particles even at high approach velocities; and which is flexible to a certain degree in order to adapt to bed changes. This is achieved by placing at least one layer of a metal braiding on the packed bed of the catalyzer particles, and the metal braiding consisting of individual metal braiding elements which are firmly braided together.
Type:
Grant
Filed:
January 23, 2009
Date of Patent:
November 6, 2012
Assignee:
UHDE GmbH
Inventors:
Stefan Hamel, Thore Lohmann, Lothar Semrau
Abstract: With a system for synthesis gas production, having a reactor as well as a gas cooler/purifier connected with it in terms of flow, a solution is supposed to be created, with which the most compact possible connection between reactor, on the one hand, and the gas cooler or purifier, on the other hand, is made possible, whereby heat expansions that occur due to different temperatures are absorbed. This is accomplished in that the connection between reactor (1) and gas cooler/purifier (7) is formed by a horizontal connection piece (5) having a throttle element (6) configured as a Venturi element.
Abstract: A pressurized gaseous mixture acidic gas and a useful gas is directly in a first absorption column with a physically acting absorption agent. Then the absorption agent loaded with the acid gas and useful gas is subdivided into first and second streams. The first stream is fed directly to a recycle flash container and there decompressed to reclaim the useful gas, extract the acidic gas from the absorption agent, and form a recycled gas containing the useful gas and acidic gas. The second stream is through a second absorption column to the recycle flash container. Some of the recycled gas from the recycle flash container is compressed and fed through the second absorption column so as to therein directly contact the second stream, and then the recycle gas that has passed through the second absorption column and contacted the second stream is returned to the gaseous mixture.
Abstract: A process for the drying of gases which are routed through two or more gas coolers connected in series. The coolers being supplied with a solvent stream absorbing water from the gas entering the respective cooler, with a mixed stream consisting of gas and solvent entering each of these gas coolers, then being routed through the respective cooler and, after joint cooling in the respective cooler, being separated by a gas/liquid separator in the outlet of the respective cooler into a gas stream of reduced water content and a solvent stream laden with water. The water content of the gas is successively reduced from the first cooler to the last cooler and the solvent stream separated and laden with water being either used as feed stream for the upstream cooler or directly returned to the solvent regeneration unit where the water-enriched solvent is again freed from water.
Abstract: A process for joint entrained-bed gasification of ash-containing solid fuels and liquid fuels which are fed separately of each other to the coal gasification reactor via several burners, said burners having a concentric firing angle of greater than 0 degree such that soot formation is reduced and the conversion efficiency is increased, and the solid is conveyed to the gasification reactor together with an inert gas, and at least part of the ash-containing solid fuel contains fine coal particles which originate from coal mining and are not suited for fixed-bed gasification, and the liquid ash-containing fuel contains residues from a fixed-bed gasification.
Type:
Application
Filed:
September 9, 2010
Publication date:
October 25, 2012
Applicant:
THYSSENKRUPP UHDE GMBH
Inventors:
Christoph Hanrott, Max Heinritz-Adrian, Adrian Brandl
Abstract: An apparatus and method for creating a fine-grained fuel from solid or paste-like raw energy materials by torrefaction. The apparatus including an impact reactor having a rotor and impact elements which is temperature resistant up to 350 degrees Celsius, a feed device for hot circulation gas in the lower region of the impact reactor, a feed device for solid or paste-like raw energy materials in the head region of the impact reactor. The apparatus further including at least one withdrawal device for a gas flow having comminuted and torrefacted raw energy particles and a separation and withdrawal device for crushed and torrefacted raw energy particles from the gas flow taken out of the impact reactor.