Abstract: With a method for utilization of the reaction heat that occurs in the production of 1,2-dichloroethane from ethylene, by reaction with oxygen and hydrochloride (oxychlorination), in a fluidized bed reactor, with dissipation of this reaction heat through cooling pipe bundles situated within the reactor, positioned in the fluidized bed, utilization of the heat is supposed to be improved, while simultaneously reducing the size of the corresponding system elements. This is achieved in that part of the reaction heat is dissipated by heating boiler feed water, whereby the heated boiler feed water is used to heat heat sinks in the production process.

Abstract: Supports having a catalytic coating comprising at least one porous and cavity-containing catalyst layer are described, cavities being irregular spaces having dimensions greater than 5 ?m in at least two dimensions or having cross-sectional areas of at least 10 ?m2. The catalytic coatings are distinguished by a high adhesive strength and can preferably be used in microreactors.

Abstract: A process for the discharge of slag and ash from a gasification reactor is disclosed. These solids are directed from the gasification reactor into a water bath housed with the gasification reactor in a pressure vessel. There are at least two lock hoppers underneath the water bath which are fed with a stream of water/solids via a pipe and a flow divider element, it being possible to supply the lock hoppers individually and in a controlled manner with a stream of water/solids via shut-off devices. The filling is performed in a manner that encourages the sett-ling process by withdrawing a stream of liquid from the lock hopper being filled, the filling time being controlled so as to prevent the solids settling above the valves and lock hoppers. Also disclosed is an apparatus with at least two lock hoppers underneath the water bath of a gasification reactor, there being, in an advantageous embodiment, a flow divider element and shut-off devices between the water bath and the lock hoppers.

Abstract: With a method for discharging slag from a water bath of a reactor for synthesis gas production, whereby the slag is brought to a lower pressure level by means of a transfer container, a solution is supposed to be created, with which the components connected with transferring the slag out are subject to a low temperature, whereby immediate slag transfer without water exchange is supposed to be made possible, with a minimal required cooling power. This is accomplished in that a cooling water stream is passed to the slag stream in the outlet region of the slag from the water bath of the gas generator or the pressurized container that surrounds it, in a region having a greater cross-section than the cross-section of the entry connector of another system part, such as, for example, the transfer container, in such a manner that temperature stratification in the outlet region is made possible.

Abstract: With a system for synthesis gas production, having a reactor as well as a gas cooler/purifier connected with it in terms of flow, a solution is supposed to be created, with which the most compact possible connection between reactor, on the one hand, and the gas cooler or purifier, on the other hand, is made possible, whereby heat expansions that occur due to different temperatures are absorbed. This is accomplished in that the connection between reactor (1) and gas cooler/purifier (7) is formed by a horizontal connection piece (5) having a throttle element (6) configured as a Venturi element.

Abstract: The invention relates to a material which is suited as a carrier for catalysts in the dehydrogenation of alkanes and in the oxidative dehydrogenation of alkanes and which is made of an oxide ceramic foam and may contain combinations of the substances aluminium oxide, calcium oxide, silicon dioxide, tin oxide, zirconium dioxide, calcium aluminate, zinc aluminate, silicon carbide, and which is impregnated with one or several suitable catalytically active materials, by which the flow resistance of the catalyst decreases to a considerable degree and the accessibility of the catalytically active material improves significantly and the thermal and mechanical stability of the material increases. The invention also relates to a process for the manufacture of the material and a process for the dehydrogenation of alkanes by using the material according to the invention.

Abstract: The invention relates to a falling film evaporator, which is fitted with a liquid distributor which is divided into segments, such that it is possible to charge only a limited number of evaporator tubes with liquid and the evaporator can be operated in an optimum manner even with a partial load. The invention also relates to a method for operating said falling film evaporator, the aim of which is to transfer heat, which is released when a gas-vapor mixture is condensed, to a liquid which is to be evaporated at least partially. It would be useful to use said falling film evaporator thus fitted in heat recuperation systems such as those used in the production of 1,2 dichloroethane.

Abstract: With a slag runner on burners or burner niches for protection against dripping slag, which occurs during the gasification of fine-particle fuels that contain ash, within a gasifier, reliable protection of the burner exits or the burner niches to prevent them from becoming clogged with slag is supposed to be made available. This is achieved in that the slag runner (8) is formed by a plurality of pipe elbows (9) through which cooling medium flows, which elbows, in the installed position, form a runner surface that faces into the interior of the gasifier, stands at a slant relative to the gasifier wall (1), and shields the burner (2) or the burner niche (7) at the upper region, in the direction of gravity, which surface configures an essentially acute angle (?) relative to the burner wall (1).

Abstract: An axial thin-film reactor for carrying out catalytic reactions in the gas phase, comprising a cylindrical pressure casing, a device for letting in a gaseous reactant stream, a device for letting out a gaseous product stream, a device for receiving a catalyst bed arranged vertically in the reaction chamber and isolated from the reactor wall at the sides and at the ends so as to produce two separate chambers for the gaseous reactant stream and the gaseous product stream that are sealed with respect to one another and have two gas-permeable bounding walls arranged plane-parallel to one another. The device is designed in such a way that it has a height-to-thickness ratio greater than 1 and the catalyst bed has a height-to-thickness ratio greater than 1.

Abstract: A process for the production, treatment and combustion of synthesis gas for the purpose of generating electric power is disclosed. The synthesis gas is produced from a solid, carbon-containing fuel with the aid of an oxygen-containing gas and treated by a slag-separating device and a device separating alkalis. Subsequently, the synthesis gas produced is fed to an expansion turbine where the pressure energy is used for generating power. On account of the treatment and separation of alkalis the expansion turbine is protected from corrosion and mechanical impact. The expanded synthesis gas is then burnt under pressure and the combustion is used in a combined-cycle process using a gas turbine, steam generator and steam turbine for generating power. The process thus has an increased efficiency. Apparatus for use of the process is also described.

Abstract: A process for utilizing synthesis gas heat for the generation of supercritical steam in a low energy ammonia or methanol plant is disclosed. The process involves a reforming or partial oxidation stage, at least one supercritical steam generator having a shell side and a tube side, at least one superheater, at least one back pressure turbine, at least one extraction and condensing turbine, and at least one boiler feedwater pump. The synthesized synthesis gas is sent to the shell side of the supercritical steam generator, and the supercritical steam generator is fed with pressurized feedwater. The feedwater flow is adjusted to maintain the steam temperature at the exit of the supercritical steam generator in the range of 375-500° C. The supercritical steam is generated in the supercritical steam generator at a pressure of 225-450 bar, the supercritical steam is further heated in a superheater to a temperature of 500-750° C.

Abstract: With a method for cooling units subjected to stress at high temperatures, in cooled reactors for gasification of fuels that contain carbon, using gasification media that contain oxygen, whereby the reactor walls are cooled by way of a coolant circuit, penetration of substances from the reactor into the cooling circuit in the event of possible leaks is supposed to be reliably prevented. This is achieved in that the units to be cooled, such as, for example, gasification burners, burner muffles, or the like, are equipped with an independent cooling circuit, whereby this cooling circuit is directly connected with the main cooling circuit.

Abstract: A process for removing silicon compounds from aqueous NaCl brine includes, first, adjusting a weak brine to a pH value of less than 3 with hydrochloric acid. Iron(III) chloride or other trivalent iron ions are added to the acidified weak brine, the obtained weak brine is then continuously fed to a stirred dissolution vessel which contains undissolved salt in addition to brine. Fresh salt is charged batchwise and intermittently to the dissolution vessel to produce strong brine. The obtained strong brine is fed to a stirred buffer vessel, the pH value in this buffer vessel being maintained at a level ranging from 5 to 8. A strong-brine flow is continuously withdrawn from the buffer vessel and filtered, and the filtrate containing the added iron and silicon is discharged.

Abstract: A process is described for purifying synthesis gas by means of a pressure swing adsorption unit which is desorbed by a vacuum produced by a so-called ejector, which is driven by steam generated by a heat exchanger which uses the heat in the flue gas duct or in the useful-gas duct for the generation of steam. The pressure swing adsorption unit is operated advantageously in cyclic turns of adsorption under excess pressure, depressurization desorption and vacuum desorption and the gas desorbed by the ejector being cooled in a cooler so that the contained steam can be condensed and discharged or is advantageously returned to the feed gas for the synthesis gas production. The foreign gas desorbed by the pressure swing adsorption unit, which contains at least partly not yet consumed fuel gas, is recycled to the fuel gas. In an advantageous embodiment, the vacuum from the ejector is stored in an intermediate tank and applied to the pressure swing adsorption unit according to the vacuum desorption cycle.

Abstract: A method and device for removal of N2O in nitric acid production are disclosed. The device is arranged after a heat exchanger, post ammonia burning, before the absorption tower and contains a catalyst, which essentially comprises one or several iron loaded zeolites.

Abstract: With a device for discharge, particularly of a very fine-grained solid material or solid material mixture, from a container having a discharge funnel in the direction of gravity, underneath the main container part, a solution is to be created, with which the disadvantages of double-wall cone designs, particularly also at high system pressures, are avoided, with a simple, versatile design. This is achieved in that a part (3) of the discharge funnel in the upper region that faces the container (2) is formed partly by the container wall itself, which makes a transition into a cylindrical lower container part (4), while the further part that carries the discharge adapter (14) is formed by a separate cylinder element (9) with funnel part (11), which element is installed in the cylindrical lower container part (4).

Abstract: A device for the gasification of liquid or fine-grain solid fuel materials in an entrained bed reactor, at temperatures above the ash melting point and at a pressure of 0.3 to 8 MPa, including a gasification reactor and a water bath being arranged in a pressure vessel. The water bath being installed below the gasification reactor and the a/m gasification reactor being designed in such a manner that the synthesis gas produced is withdrawn in the upper section of the reactor, the liquid slag precipitating on the walls of the reactor chamber and then having a free downflow, without any solidification of the surface of the said slag. The lower side of the reaction chamber has an outlet opening with a drop-off edge so that the downstream of liquid slag can freely fall from the drop-off edge.

Abstract: A device for feeding and controlling secondary air from secondary air ducts into flue gas channels of horizontal coke oven chambers is shown. The flue gas channels are located underneath the coke oven chamber floor on which coal carbonization is realized. The flue gas channels serve for combustion of partly burnt coking gases from the coke oven chamber. The partly burnt gases are burnt with secondary air, thus heating the coke cake also from below to ensure even coal carbonization. Secondary air comes from the secondary air ducts connected to atmospheric air and to the flue gas channels. Controlling elements are mounted in the connecting channels between the flue gas channels and secondary air ducts which can precisely control the air flow into the flue gas channels. Thereby, it is possible to achieve a much more regular heating and heat distribution in coke oven chambers. The actual controlling devices in the connecting channels can be formed by turnable pipe sections, wall bricks, or metal flaps.

Abstract: A process and apparatus for the separation of a feed mixture into higher-boiling and lower boiling fractions in a continuously operated distillation apparatus uses at least one inlet pipe for feeding feed mixtures, an outlet for the lower-boiling fraction, an outlet for the higher-boiling fraction and a heating device. The distillation apparatus includes at least two condensation stages, each of a different temperature level, the condensation stages upstream in direction of the vapour flow having a higher temperature level than the downstream stages. Separation-effective internals are installed between the condensation stages, partial condensation taking place in the condensation stages, partial amounts that have not condensed in these stages being fed to downstream separation-effective internals or condensation stages of lower temperature level and partial amounts that have condensed are passed via separation-effective internals in direction of the outlet means for the higher-boiling fraction.

Abstract: A process for the production of synthesis gas by gasification with the aid of air or oxygen or oxygen-saturated air as well as water vapor, a solid or liquid carbon-bearing fuel material being fed to a reactor, is shown. The fuel material is converted with the aid of air or oxygen or oxygen-saturated air and water vapor at an elevated temperature into a synthesis gas essentially consisting of hydrogen, carbon dioxide and carbon monoxide; the reaction also yields mineral slag droplets which are removed from the reactor separately from the synthesis gas obtained, and the synthesis gas being discharged from the reactor in any random direction desired; the vaporous alkalis contained in the synthesis gas come into contact with a getter ceramic material so that they separate from the synthesis gas and hence, the synthesis gas can be sent to a slag separation device without previous cooling step and the slag droplets being withdrawn from the said device as liquid slag.