Abstract: The invention relates to a process for the production of ammonia from synthesis gas, the synthesis of ammonia from synthesis gas taking place in several lined-up synthesis systems, whereby ammonia is produced from a portion of the synthesis gas in each system with a part-stream being withdrawn and the respective downstream synthesis system being operated at a higher pressure than the respective upstream synthesis system.

Abstract: A process for the purification of a crude propene oxide containing methanol and acetaldehyde by a continuously operated extractive distillation using an extraction solvent lowering the volatility of methanol and feeding a compound containing an unsubstituted NH2 group capable of reacting with acetaldehyde to a distillation column at a point above the feeding point of the crude propene oxide to give a purified propene oxide containing less than 100 ppm methanol and less than 100 ppm acetaldehyde. There is also disclosed a process for the catalytic epoxidation of propene that includes this purification stage.

Abstract: The invention relates to a waste-heat boiler (3) for a Claus plant, comprising a steam generation chamber that is surrounded by a pressure-proof jacket (14), a long tube bundle (18) of heat exchanger tubes that extend through the steam generation chamber and are inserted into tube sheets (19) at both ends, at least one additional tube bundle (20) of shorter heat exchanger tubes, which are likewise inserted into the tube sheets (19) at their outlet ends and open into an influx chamber (21) at their inlet ends, in addition to a head part (22) that is connected to the tube sheet (19) at the outlet end and is subdivided into sections. The long tube bundle (18) is traversed by a hot process gas that emerges from a combustion chamber (2). The influx chamber (21) is located inside the steam generation chamber and is exposed to a cooler process gas (10) from a catalyst stage (4) of the Claus plant. One tube bundle (18, 20) is allocated to each section of the head part (22).

Abstract: The method comprises the following steps: conduction of the gas containing N2O and NOx over a series of two catalyst beds consisting of one or more zeolites° charged with iron: addition of a reduction agent for NOx between the catalyst beds; setting of a temperature of less than 500° C. in the first and second catalyst bed; setting of a gas pressure of at least 2 bar in the two catalyst beds; and the selection of a space velocity in the first and second catalyst bed that achieves a degradation of the N2O content of the gas in the first catalyst bed by a maximum of up to 90%, in relation to the N2O content at the entrance to the catalyst bed and an additional degradation of the N2O content of the gas in the second catalyst bed by at least 30% in relation to the N2O content at the entrance to the second catalyst bed. The first reaction zone is used to degrade the N2O and the second reaction zone reduces the NOx and breaks down at least part of the remaining N2O.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for producing high purity 1,2-dichloroethane using a liquid reaction medium that is circulated and that is essentially composed of 1,2-dichloroethane and a catalyst. At least ethylene and chlorine are added to the reaction medium and a mainly chlorine-containing gas flow is dissolved in a part of the reaction medium which is essentially devoid of dissolved ethylene. The gaseous components not dissolved in this solution are removed from the solution by means of a gas-separation device and the solution from which the undissolved gas components were removed is contacted with ethylene which is present in dissolved form.

Abstract: By a process for removing fine dust from a fluidized-bed reactor, in particular for the oxychlorination of ethylene, is intended to permit specific control of the amount of fine dust particles in a reactor while reducing the height of the reactor and the same time filtering off the fine dust from the main stream leading to the quench. This is achieved if the fine dust inside, the reactor is removed via filter cartridges, and the reaction gas mixture is passed to the quench from the reactor dome, a part-stream in the form of a bypass stream having a predetermined fine dust fraction below a predetermined particle size being removed from the reactor in addition to the main stream.

Abstract: The invention relates to a process for the absorptive separation of NH3 and CH4 from a gas under high pressure, which at least contains NH3, H2, N2 and CH4, using a high-boiling, physically acting and regenerable solvent which contains homologues of alkylene glycol-alkyl-ether and which also may contain water, the absorbed components NH3, H2, N2 and CH4 being separated from the laden solvent in at least two further process steps at different pressure rates, thereby withdrawing at least one NH3-rich and at least one CH4-rich gas fraction from the solvent. This process is particularly suitable to be incorporated as unit in an ammonia production plant.

Abstract: A process for reducing the content of NOx and N2O in gases, in particular in process gases and offgases, which comprises the measures: a) addition of at least one nitrogen-containing reducing agent to the NOx- and N2O-containing gas in at least the amount required for complete reduction of the NOx, b) addition of a hydrocarbon, of carbon monoxide, of hydrogen or of a mixture of one or more of these gases to the NOx- and N2O-containing gas for the reduction of the N2O and c) introduction of the gas mixture into at least one reaction zone at temperatures of up to 450° C. which contains one or more iron-laden zeolites, is described. The process can be used, in particular, in nitric acid production, for offgases from power stations or for gas turbines.

Abstract: The invention relates to a process and a device for the dissolution of salt that is hardly soluble, especially sodium chloride and other poorly soluble salts in 1,2 dichloroethane, which primarily are to be used in direct chlorination plants for the production of 1,2 dichloroethane. This aim is achieved by mounting an ultrasonic transducer (sonotrode) in the dissolution chamber which is filled with a suspension of salt crystals and 1,2 dichloroethane. The suspension is sent through a filter upon dissolution of the salt.

Abstract: Process for the catalytic production of methanol under pressure using a synthesis gas which at least contains hydrogen, carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide and also undesired impurities, with at least one stage being equipped with a reactor, in which an absorption stage is connected upstream of each catalytic reaction system for the production of methanol, which contains catalyst material suitable as absorbent for the synthesis of methanol, the absorption stage being operated at a temperature which is below the temperature required for the catalytic conversion to methanol.

Abstract: Catalyst for decomposing N2O, its use, and process for its production A process is described for the decomposition of N2O during nitric acid production by bringing the N2O-containg waste gas leaving the absorption column into contact with a catalyst which comprises at least one oxidic cobalt compound and at least one oxidic magnesium compound, under conditions which permit conversion of N2O to gaseous nitrogen and oxygen. The content of oxidic cobalt compounds is in the range from 0.1 to 50% by weight and the content of oxidic magnesium compounds is in the range from 50 to 99.9% by weight, based in each case on the total weight of the catalyst, and at least 30% of the Co atoms present in the catalyst are present in the trivalent state.

Abstract: A process for the continuous epoxidation of propene with hydrogen peroxide in the presence of a titanium silicalite catalyst and a methanol solvent, wherein the catalyst is periodically regenerated by washing with a methanol solvent at a temperature of at least 100° C. and the epoxidation reaction is carried out for periods of more than 300 h between two regeneration steps.

Abstract: With a method or a device for producing 1,2-dichloroethane or ethylene (di)chloride (EDC) with the use of a circulating reaction medium and a catalyst, whereby ethylene and chlorine are supplied to the reaction medium, the goal is to permit the catalytic chlorination of ethylene in a manner that is particularly gentle to the product. This is achieved in terms of the method and by other means in that the ethylene or chlorine gas are introduced into the reaction medium by means of microporous gas diffuser elements for producing gas bubbles with a diameter of 0.3 to 3 mm.

Abstract: A continuous process for the epoxidation of olefins with hydrogen peroxide in the presence of a heterogeneous catalyst promoting the epoxidation reaction, whereby the aqueous reaction mixture contains i) an olefin; ii) hydrogen peroxide; iii) less than 100 wppm of alkali metals, earth alkali metals, both irrespective whether in ionic, complex or covalently bonded form, bases or cations of bases having a pkB of less than 4.5, or combinations thereof; and, iv) at least 100 wppm of bases or cations of bases having a pkB of at least 4.5 or combinations thereof, whereby the wppm are based on the total weight of hydrogen peroxide in the reaction mixture.

Abstract: A process for the recovery of combustible components of a gas stream containing the combustible components and oxygen by selective absorption of the combustible components in a solvent, whereby during the absorption the gas phase is dispersed in a continuous liquid phase of the solvent. In a preferred embodiment the process is applied to give a process for the epoxidation of propene with hydrogen peroxide in the alcoholic solvent in presence of a catalyst, wherein a gas stream including unreacted propene, propene oxide and oxygen from the decomposition of the hydrogen peroxide is separated from the epoxidation reaction mixture and the combustible components in said gas stream are recovered using the process as described above.

Abstract: Process and plant for the production of synthesis gas, hydrogen and/or reducing gas by means of a primary reformer heated on the shell side, used in conjunction with a pressure swing adsorption unit for purifying the product gas, the purpose of which is to find a solution to the problem of utilising the work potential of the fuel gas from the pressure swing adsorption unit, which is used to fire the primary gas reformer. This is achieved by supplying the waste desorption gas from the pressure swing adsorption unit to the inlet side of an ejector, which is driven by a part stream of the fuel gas for the primary reformer, the waste desorption gas being admixed to a main fuel gas stream and/or a regulating gas stream, depending on the particular mode of operation.

Abstract: A process for the catalytic epoxidation of olefins in at least one reaction stage comprising: (a) reacting the olefin with hydrogen peroxide in an organic, water-miscible solvent in the presence of a titanium silicalite catalyst in a reactor while continuously feeding an inert gas stream into the reactor, (b) continuously removing an exit gas stream containing olefin oxide, unreacted olefin, oxygen and inert gas from the reactor, (c) bringing the exit gas stream into contact in an absorption unit with the same solvent as used in the reaction stage, (d) removing a solvent stream loaded with olefin and olefin oxide from the absorption unit and (e) discharging an gas stream containing oxygen and the inert gas from the absorption unit.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for the production of 1,2-dichloroethane by direct chlorination using chlorine and ethene in which, despite low reaction temperatures during direct chlorination, reaction heat produced is nevertheless used. According to the invention, vaporous 1,2-dichloroethane obtained in the direct chlorination reactor is compressed and the compressed 1,2-dichloroethane is transported to heat exchangers whereby heat is given off by the 1,2-dichloroethane. The invention also relates to a device including a turbocompressor arranged directly after the direct chlorination reactor.

Abstract: By a method for the methanol synthesis from hydrogen, carbon monoxide and carbon dioxide under pressure, comprising at least one methanol reactor filled with catalyst, whereby in the presence of a plurality of stages, at least one stage is equipped with a compressor, and with a system for carrying out the method, the aim is to overcome the specified drawbacks, and in particular to make it possible to save heat exchanger surface area and/or to increase the yield, while particularly taking into account the changing activity of the catalyst. This is achieved according to the method in that in at least one synthesis stage, the gas mixture intended for us in a methanol reactor filled with catalyst is heated in an additional trimmer heater immediately before it added to said methanol reactor, whereby a corresponding system is characterized in that in at least one synthesis stage, provision is made for a trimmer heater (5) for heating the gas mixture directly impinging upon the methanol reactor (10).

Abstract: The invention described herein relates to a process for the catalytic epoxidation of olefins with hydrogen peroxide in a continuous flow reaction system, wherein a gaseous phase containing an olefin and a liquid phase containing the hydrogen peroxide is present in the reaction system and the gaseous phase flows in countercurrent to the liquid phase.