Abstract: A device for pushing the contents of a coke oven chamber includes a pusher ram head with pusher rams mounted there behind, wherein guiding plates or aprons are mounted to a pusher ram head which avoid a simultaneous pressing-in of air into the coke oven chamber, thus preventing a non-desired cooling-off of the coke oven chamber during pushing. The aprons also prevent the pusher ram and the rearward side of the pusher ram head from excessive heat burdens. The aprons can also serve for protecting measuring devices mounted in the enclosure. The aprons can be fabricated from a heat-resistant metallic or ceramic material. The aprons or the pusher ram head can also be provided with a heat-resistant or heat-reflecting coating or with heat-resistant or heat-reflecting tiles. Also shown is a method for pushing of coke oven chambers by applying the inventive device.

Abstract: A device for latching of horizontal coke oven chambers which is triggered by an auxiliary frame located on the coke oven chamber door is provided. The auxiliary frame is restrictively movable in vertical direction on the coke oven chamber door. During the outward movement, the auxiliary frame hits upwardly against limit stop cams firmly mounted on the oven door and transmitting the vertical traction force onto the coke oven chamber door. During the upward movement, the auxiliary frame actuates levers which are rotationally movable to an axis arranged orthogonally to the coke oven chamber and which are connected to a translatorily freely movable latch. On actuation of this lever, it pulls the latch from the latch take-up bearings mounted on the coke oven chamber door so that the coke oven chamber door is unlatched and opened. In an embodiment of the present invention, the coke oven chamber door can be arrested in the open or closed position with a device suitable for this purpose.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a drive mechanism for vertical opening and closing of coke oven doors of horizontal coke oven chambers. The doors are lifted via a chain or a rope into the opened position. The rope or the chain is linked via deflector rollers to an actuating lever. The rope or chain can be pulled horizontally so that the doors are pulled-up vertically via the deflector rollers. The actuating lever is linked to a pull eye which upon actuation of the actuating lever can engage into the gripping cam of a gripping car. The gripping car is driven by a rope tackle and upon actuation of the actuating lever it pulls the door into the opened position. The door can be arrested via a suitable mechanism in its opened position.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method and a device for the metered removal of a fine to coarse-grained solid matter or a solid matter mixture from a storage container, comprising a device for forming a fluidized bed in the discharge region or in a metering chamber of the metering container, wherein fluidization that is as optimal as possible is to be created in the lower region of such a receiving or metering container while avoiding any additional systems, mechanical elements, or extensive installations. This is achieved according to the method in that a gas is additionally introduced in the region of the metering chamber bottom for forming a fluidized bed that loosens the solid matter, and a gas is introduced via swirl nozzles for bringing about the rotation of the fluidized bed.

Abstract: The invention relates to a device for producing a crude gas containing CO or H2 by gasification of an ash-containing fuel with oxygen-containing gas at temperatures above the fusion temperature of the ash in a gasification reactor and with a connected gas cooling chamber and a tapered connecting channel running from one chamber to the other. The aim of the invention is avoiding known problems and reducing the amount of fly ash and the amount of ungasified fuel, wherein a weak eddy is achieved in the inlet to the subsequent apparatuses in order to avoid deposits there with a very compact device, wherein the risk of solidification of the slag in the outlet is also avoided. The aim is achieved, wherein in the tapered connection channel (5) eddy reducing or eliminating wall surfaces (6) running over only a part of the cross-section of the connection channel are provided.

Abstract: Composites comprising at least one hollow fiber of oxygen-transporting ceramic material, which is a ceramic material which conducts oxygen anions and electrons or a combination of ceramic material which conducts oxygen anions and a ceramic or nonceramic material which conducts electrons, with the outer surface of the hollow fiber being in contact with the outer surface of the same hollow fiber or another hollow fiber and the contact points being joined by sintering, are described. Further composites comprise at least one hollow fiber of oxygen-transporting ceramic material which is a ceramic material which conducts oxygen anions and electrons or a combination of ceramic material which conducts oxygen anions and ceramic or nonceramic material which conducts electrons and a connection element for the introduction or discharge of fluids at at least one end face, with hollow fibers and connection element being joined.

Abstract: A method and a device for treating fluid streams produced during the combustion of carbon- and ash-containing fuels optimally uses the heat content contained in the system, as well as the amount of water for cooling and condensation required during recirculation of the latter. Suspension withdrawn from the mixing vessel is expanded in at least one subsequent stage during the evaporation of at least part of the water and reduction of the temperature, The vapor produced is cooled by direct contact with water and at least partially condensed out. In the device, a line between a lower section of the mixing vessel leads to a first expansion vessel that is designed as a scrubber tower, the scrubber tower being provided with a condensate collection bottom and a recirculation line towards the mixing vessel for the forming condensate, which mixing vessel is equipped with spray heads.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method of producing sulfuric acid wherein an SO2-containing raw gas produced in a sulfuric-acid recovery plant is passed through at least one reactor in which a catalytic reaction of SO2 to SO3 takes place, and the SO3 thereby formed is converted into sulfuric acid. According to the invention, at least a partial stream of the gas stream leaving the sulfuric-acid recovery plant is hydrogenated with an H2-rich gas in a post-treatment stage. The H2S-containing gas stream formed by the hydrogenation is fed into the H2S gas scrubber of a coke oven plant or a petrochemical plant. The invention also relates to an installation for carrying out the method.

Abstract: With the help of a fixing device for catalyzer particles, wherein the catalyzer particles are packed in a bed which can be passed through by a gas flow in the direction of gravity, it is intended to achieve a minimum specific pressure loss which will remain low even if dirt should arise from the operating process; a fixing device which has a minimum influence on the period of presence of the gas flowing through; which ensures the reliable hold-down of the catalyzer particles even at high approach velocities; and which is flexible to a certain degree in order to adapt to bed changes. This is achieved by placing at least one layer of a metal braiding (10) on the packed bed (3) of the catalyzer particles, and the metal braiding (10) consisting of individual metal braiding elements (11) which are firmly braided together.

Abstract: A process and device is provided for the generation and purification of a crude gas for synthesis gas generation from a solid carbon-containing fuel by a coal gasification reaction. The fuel is mixed with a quenching medium directly after generation to dissipate the high internal energy and is then brought into contact with a solid basic alkaline earth metal compound or a sorbent consisting of a transition metal-containing compound just in the mixing chamber or downstream of the mixing chamber such that the acidic or basic or sulphur-containing or halogen-containing constituents contained in the crude gas and originating from the gasification reaction are absorbed. A solids-separating device downstream of the sorbent feed device removes the solid or solidified constituents from the system.

Abstract: A process and a device for the hydrodesulphurisation of an olefin and hydrogen-containing feed gas utilizes a feed gas which can be mixed with further hydrogen and subdivided into at least two feed streams. The first feed stream is introduced separately into the reactor and is passed through a first catalyst bed which contains the catalyst pellets deposited on a suitable support or grid. The feed stream is heated in the hydrogenation reaction. Downstream of first catalyst bed, further feed gas is supplied which serves to cool the reaction gas permitting that the gas can then be passed through a second catalyst bed. Downstream of the second catalyst bed there may be further catalyst beds and further feed gas supply devices. The catalyst beds can be provided in the reactor in any number, type and shape. These process conditions ensure that a product gas be obtained which essentially contains no other sulphur compound than hydrogen sulphide.

Abstract: By means of a method and a system for heating and partial oxidation of not separately pre-heated, pre-reformed steam/natural gas mixture for an NH3 synthesis gas, whereby energy is supplied to the gas stream (raw synthesis gas), in the direction of flow, after a primary reformer, a solution is to be created, with which soot formation is to be prevented as much as possible, whereby the possibility of the addition of variable amounts, for example of N2 and O2 or mixtures thereof, is also supposed to be possible. This is achieved, according to the method, in that the energy is supplied directly after the primary reformer, by way of at least one pore burner positioned in the gas discharge line of the primary reformer.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for recovering absorbed hydrocarbon components while absorbing acid gases from technical gases, as for example a natural gas, by means of physically active absorption agents, wherein the inventive method consists in increasing the pressure of a loaded absorption agent extracted from an adsorption device, in adding said loaded absorption agent to the top of a rectification column which consist of a lower feeding stove and of one or several lateral stoves operating at a pressure slightly greater than the absorption column pressure, in adjusting an equilibrium is said rectification column in such a way that the acid gas concentration in the absorbent agent increases in the direction away from the bottom of the column and the hydrocarbon concentration decreases in said direction, in extracting a heated hydrocarbon-poor and acid gas component-rich absorption agent from the bottom of the column and in transferring said agent to an acid gas desorption device, in extracting a hydroca

Abstract: The invention relates to a process for the production and isolation of lactic acid which is produced by way of fermentation of a carbohydrate-bearing feedstock and the addition of ammonia. The lactic acid is released from the ammonium salt of the lactate by adding a mineral acid and the lactic acid isolation takes place by extraction with the aid of an alkylated amine. The extraction is preferably operated at a pH value of 4.0 to 2.0, thereby obtaining a multi-phase mixture which is split up. The phase thus obtained with the lactate salt of amine subsequently undergoes distillation, so that lactic acid is obtained as pure product or the phase with the lactate salt of amine are thermally decomposed, thereby producing an oligolactide that is distillable and thus yields a pure dilactide. The invention also encompasses a device suitable for the performance of the inventive process.

Abstract: A process and device for the gasification of liquid or fine-grain solid fuel materials with the aid of oxygenous, gaseous gasification agents in a reactor is described. Liquid slag is separated on the walls of the reactor. The synthesis gas is generated in a first reaction chamber arranged in the upper part of the reactor and the feedstock is fed to the upper part. Liquid slag precipitates on its lateral walls, with free downflow and no solidification of the slag surface. The lower side has a hole with a slag drop-off edge, from which the generated synthesis gas can be withdrawn in downward direction and the liquid slag can drop off the edge. A second chamber which is delimited by a water film is located under the opening and used to keep the synthesis gas dry and cool. A third chamber is adjacent to the bottom of the second and fed with water to cool the synthesis gas.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for producing unsaturated hydrocarbons. According to said method, in a first step, a hydrocarbon, especially a mixture which contains alkanes, essentially no water, and can contain water vapour, is continuously guided through a first catalyst bed provided with standard dehydration conditions. Liquid water, water vapour and a gas containing oxygen are then added to the reaction mixture obtained in the first step and, in a second step, the reaction mixture obtained is then continuously guided through another catalyst bed for oxidising hydrogen and for further dehydrating hydrocarbons. The first catalyst bed can be heated and the heating in the first step is then preferably regulated in such a way that an essentially isothermic operating mode is created.

Abstract: A process and device are disclosed for producing horizontally tamped coal cakes for coking in the oven chamber of a coking oven, the coal cakes being formed in a compression mold by stationary compression tools which work in the horizontal direction and with a stroke having a strictly limited length. The compression mold has a sliding stop wall which is moved away from the compression tools as the coal cake grows, under the effect of a suitable antagonistic braking force.

Abstract: A process for the separation of the aromatic compounds benzene, toluene and xylene from an aromatics-containing reformate gasoline and pyrolysis gasoline or a coke-oven light oil or an aromatics-containing refinery stream, in which the aromatics are separated by an extractive distillation uses a novel solvent combination made up of the compounds n,n?-diformyl piperazine or 2,2?-bis-(cyanoethyl)ether in a combination with n-formyl morpholine as a second solvent for extractive distillation so that the solvent combination obtained shows a higher selectivity with regard to the aromatics to be extracted so that a lower solvent load is required. The aromatics-containing feed mixture is first submitted to a pre-distillation so that the obtained fraction has a narrow boiling point range. This fraction is then submitted to an extractive distillation in a first column, in which an aromatics-lean head product of predominantly paraffinic hydrocarbons is obtained as well as an aromatics-enriched bottom product.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for dehydrating alkanes, wherein the alkane is guided in a reactor for the dehydrogenation of alkanes via a catalyst, and the process may be carried out adiabatically or non-adiabatically, and the catalyst for dehydration can be regenerated after the reaction phase by means of transferring a gas, wherein said gas is guided via the catalyst after a short rinsing phase using water vapor, and said regeneration gas consists of a gas containing oxygen and of steam, and after regeneration the catalyst is freed of the gas containing oxygen by transferring steam, wherein the duration of the transfer of a gas containing oxygen is significantly reduced as compared to common methods and represents 70% or less of the total regeneration time, and the catalyst has an increased selectivity for forming alkene by means of carrying out the regeneration at a constant activity, and the catalyst is comprised of a metal of the group of platinum metals or group VIB of the periodic table of the elem

Abstract: The invention relates to a reactor for catalytic reformation of hydrocarbons with steam at elevated pressure, said reactor comprising a reaction space and a fire space, said reaction space comprised of a multitude of vertical tubes arranged in rows and suitable for being filled with a catalyst, and having facilities for feeding hydrocarbons and steam to be reformed to the reaction space, and furthermore comprising facilities for discharge of reformed synthesis gas from the reaction space, and furthermore comprising a multitude of firing facilities in the upper area of the firing space, said firing facilities being able to generate mainly downwardly directed flames that are suitable to heat the aforementioned reaction tubes, with the tube feeding air to the burner being equipped with a facility for adjusting and setting the air flow, and there being a secondary air feeder mounted additionally to this tube and branching-off from it and configured in various layouts and having an independently controllable facil