Abstract: The invention relates to a method for producing a fertilizing agent containing urea, by means of synthesis step, an evaporation process, and a granulation unit. According to said method, a self-regulating centrifugal pump is used to reduce the dwell time and to optimize the positioning of the components of the method for transporting the product flow of the evaporation process to the granulation unit.

Abstract: The method comprises passing an N2O- and NOx-containing gas over a sequence of two catalyst beds, adding reducing agents for NOx and for N2O between the catalyst beds in such an amount that not only NOx but also a predetermined proportion of N2O is reduced. The reaction conditions are set so that the N2O content of the gas is reduced by not more than 95%, based on the N2O content at the entrance of the first catalyst bed, by decomposition to nitrogen and oxygen in the first catalyst bed and that not only chemical reduction of NOx but also chemical reduction of N2O occurs in the second catalyst bed so that the N2O content of the gas is reduced by at least 50%, based on the N2O content at the entrance of the second catalyst bed.

Abstract: Synthesis reactor comprising an apparatus for injecting oxygen, which can be initially charged in pure form, as air, or mixed with inert gas or water vapor, into a reaction gas which can flow through the synthesis reactor which finds use, for example, in an oxydehydrogenation plant, wherein oxygen and reaction gas have different temperatures, wherein a distribution element is provided upstream of the device for accommodating a catalyst charge in flow direction of the reaction gas, said distributor element comprising a distributor body, two tube plates and a multitude of gas guide tubes for passing the reaction gas through, and the oxygen can be supplied to the chamber between the gas guide tubes, wherein at least one baffle plate is arranged orthogonally to the gas guide tubes and divides the intermediate space into at least two distributor chambers, wherein the distributor chambers are connected to one another or merge into one another fluidically through one or more orifices, at least one gas line leads int

Abstract: Collecting line for removing hot process gases conducted in process gas tubes from tubular reformers, wherein the collecting line has on the inside at least one insulation layer made of fire-resistant concrete or fire-resistant brick, and on the outside a wall made of a metallic outer tube, comprises a plurality of stubs via which the process gas tubes of the tubular furnace can be connected to the collecting line, wherein in the region of the stubs, the process gas tubes are at least in part conducted in guide tubes, and each gas outlet connected to the respective process gas tube projects into the collecting line, by means of which the process gas is introduced into the collecting line in correct functioning, and at least one gas outlet is constructed as a pipe bend.

Abstract: A modular construction micro-reactor with parallel microchannels on fluid guide plates for chemical reactions, but not for evaporation purposes is known. A modular construction falling film evaporator is disclosed, comprising a stack of alternate gap-like evaporation chambers and sheet-like evaporator modules with an assembly of parallel microchannels, whereby the evaporation chambers are open above and/or below across the whole width of the module and the stack is arranged in a container. The falling film evaporator is used in a method for obtaining a gaseous phase from a liquid medium on a technical scale and is suitable for the concentration of thermolabile solutions and rapidly adjustable production of a gas stream.

Abstract: According to a method for drying fuels in the form of dust, particularly to be fed to a gasification process, such as coal, petroleum coke, biological waste, or the like, wherein the fuel (1) is crushed in a mill (2) and fed to a filter/separator (3) by means of a propellant and drying gas, and at least part of the propellant/drying gas in the circuit is returned to the mill (2) after heating, the known disadvantages are not only to be avoided, but particularly a cost-effective milling and drying method and a corresponding system are to be provided, having low emissions and a low inert gas requirement. This is achieved according to the method in that part of the propellant/drying gas flow is cooled down and dehumidified in a spray tower (6), or the like, wherein part of the dried gas exiting the spray tower is fed to the environment and/or a firing process, and the other part is returned to the propellant/drying gas flow.

Abstract: A method for displacing acid gas constituents from natural gas to acid gas removal installations equipped with Claus installations with free capacities utilizes a portion of the acid gas which is removed from a first flow of natural gas containing acid gas. The acid gas removed from the first flow of natural gas is fed to at least one other acid gas removal installation, whereby this feeding results in the acid gas removed from the first flow of natural gas being mixed with at least one second flow of natural gas with which it is transported to at least one other acid gas removal installation.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for coating one or more sides of substrates with catalytically active material, comprising material deposition under vacuum in a vacuum chamber, wherein the following steps are performed: (a) loading the vacuum chamber with at least one substrate, (b) closing and evacuating the vacuum chamber, (c) cleaning the substrate by introducing a gaseous reducing agent into the vacuum chamber, (d) increasing the size of the substrate surface by depositing a vaporous component on the substrate surface, (e) coating by a coating process taken from the group of plasma coating processes, physical gas deposition, sputtering processes or the like, wherein one or more metals and/or alkaline and/or earth alkaline metals or their oxides are applied to the surface of the substrate. This method may be used, for example, for coating electrodes which are used in the chlor-alkali electrolysis.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method and device for the injection of oxygen in a reformer reactor, for example, for oxydehydrogenation, with an essentially radial throughflow of the gas mixture through a catalytic packing, whereby the incorporation and mixing of the oxygen before entry into the catalyst is significantly improved, in particular for oxydehydrogenation methods. The above is achieved, whereby the oxygen is introduced in pure form, as air, or mixed with inert gas, or with steam, into an annular distribution system (5) and injected out of a number of outlet openings (6) in the annular distribution system, at an angle to the perpendicular, onto the catalyst surface (3).

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for extracting hydrogen from a gas containing methane, especially natural gas. Hydrocarbons contained in the gas are catalytically broken down in a reformer (4) by steam in order to form hydrogen, carbon monoxide and carbon dioxide. Catalytic conversion of the obtained carbon monoxide with steam occurs in a downstream conversion step in order to form carbon monoxide and water. Carbon dioxide is removed from the converted gas flow (8) by gas washing (7), and the washed hydrogen-rich gas flow (10) is subsequently divided in a pressure-swing adsorption system (11) into a product gas flow (12) made of hydrogen and a waste gas flow (13). The waste gas flow (13) is introduced with hydrogen (14), which is separated from the gas flow (10) after gas washing, into a reformer (4) which is essentially a carbon-free combustible gas, and is combusted there. The invention also relates to a system for carrying out the method.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for removing ammonia and dust from a waste gas that occurs during the production of fertilizers, preferably urea, in which method the waste gas is introduced into a first washer, and a cooling gas is introduced into the one washer and an aqueous solution is introduced into the other washer, whereby both the waste gas and the cooling gas pass through at least one mist collector before exiting from the washer, in each instance, is supposed to be developed further in such a manner that the waste gas pollution can be clearly reduced. This is accomplished in that the additional water is first introduced into a fine-washing area of the first washer, delimited by the mist collector on the top and by a liquid-impermeable partition bottom at the bottom, and sprayed onto the at least one mist collector, and the aqueous solution that forms in the fine-washing area is subsequently passed into the second washer.

Abstract: The invention relates to a horizontally designed, non-heat recovery-type coke oven comprising at least one coking chamber, downcomers that are laterally disposed in relation to the coking chamber, and bottom ducts which are horizontally arranged below the coking chamber in order to indirectly heat the coking chamber. At least some of the interior walls of the coking chamber are embodied as a secondary heating area by coating the interior walls with a high-emission coating (HEB). The minimum emissivity of said high-emission coating is 0.9. Preferably, the high-emission coating (HEB) is made of Cr2O3, Fe2O3, or a mixture containing said substances, the Fe2O3 moiety in a mixture amounting to at least 25 percent by weight and the Cr2O3 moiety in a mixture amounting to at least 20 percent by weight.

Abstract: The invention relates to a horizontally designed, non-heat recovery-type coke oven comprising at least one coking chamber, downcomers that are laterally disposed relative to the coking chamber, and bottom ducts which are horizontally arranged below the coking chamber in order to indirectly heat the coking chamber. One or more heating elements are located in the gas chamber which is not filled with solid matter when the coke oven is appropriately used.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for producing propylene during which a first gas mixture, which is technically free of oxygen but contains propane, water vapor and hydrogen, and which has a temperature of at least 400° C., is led into a reaction device having at least one catalyst bed as well as usual dehydration conditions. Another gas mixture, which contains propane and oxygen and which can also contain ammonia, the propane content exceeding the oxygen content, is led into the same reaction device in which it reacts with the first gas mixture while forming propylene, water vapor and hydrogen, and the formed gas mixture containing propylene, water vapor and hydrogen is drawn out of the reaction device.

Abstract: A process for the removal of sour gas from pressurized natural gas which is polluted by sulphur compounds and other sour gas compounds includes initially feeding natural gas into a sour gas absorption unit, in which the sulphur components and any other components are absorbed by a physically acting solution yielding a sour gas rich absorbent. The absorbant is heated and fed into a high-pressure flash unit, in which the desorbed sour-gas is separated yielding a sour gas poor absorbent. The desorbed sour gas is cooled and the vaporized absorbent is condensed out of the sour gas stream. The sour-gas poor absorbent from the high-pressure flash unit is freed from residual sour gas in a gas stripping unit by stripping gas. The absorbent obtained in the sour gas unit is cooled and recycled permitting the desorbed sour gas to be condensed by cooling water or cooling air.

Abstract: A distributor includes first and second liquid distribution systems for two liquid phases for an upright tube-bundle reactor. The first system is arranged directly above or on a tubesheet and is connected to at least one outer feed device and contains an annular weir. The second system is connected to at least one other outer feed device and contains one upper and one lower distribution tray which contains a plurality of openings which are arranged flush above the inlet sleeves of the first system, and has at least one device for setting a uniform liquid level above the openings. The upper distribution tray is connected to the feed device for liquid, and contains a plurality of overflow weirs from which the liquid is able to discharge into the lower distribution tray. Each of the overflow weirs is assigned to a plurality of openings of the lower distribution tray.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for using reaction heat produced by reaction during the production of 1,2-dichloroethane from ethylene and chlorine in a direct chlorination reactor. The chlorine is produced in a sodium chloride electrolysis and the reaction heat, during the formation of 1,2-dichloroethane is used at least partially for the evaporation of NaOH, which is produced during NaCl-electrolysis for producing the required chlorine for direct chlorination, as a coupling product. The invention also relates to a device for carrying out said method, comprising a multi-tube heat exchanger comprising two fixed tubular plates and a NaOH-liquid phase part, and the caustic soda passes through the inside of the tube and 1,2-dichloroethane passes the outside of the tube. The heat exchanger also comprises devices for feeding and distributing the caustic soda in the inside of the tube.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for producing high-purity 1,2-dichloroethane from dissolved chlorine and dissolved ethylene which are brought into contact with each other using a circulating liquid reaction medium which essentially consists of 1,2-dichloroethane and a catalyst and passes through at least one reaction loop. The two limbs of the loop are connected to a gas-phase stripping container which is arranged at the top and from which the reaction product is outwardly transferred either in a gaseous or liquid form or both in a gaseous form and in a liquid form. The addition points for the addition of chlorine and dissolved ethylene are arranged in the limb of the loop in which the liquid rises. The addition point for dissolved chlorine is always arranged downstream of the ethylene addition point.

Abstract: The invention relates to a coke oven of a non-recovery horizontal type of construction, known as a non-recovery or heat-recovery coke oven, in which the coke oven floor is made up of at least two layers and each layer is formed of the same or different silica materials, wherein the first layer, seen from the oven space, is formed from a solid refractory material and the second layer comprises a multiplicity of openings, gaps, apertures or the like, the gas spaces of these openings, gaps, apertures or the like being in communication with the gas space of the flue gas duct running under them.

Abstract: A process for enriching the content of oxygen in oxygen- and nitrogen-containing gases in a separation apparatus which has an interior which is divided into a substrate chamber and into a permeate chamber by an oxygen-conducting ceramic membrane is described. The process comprises the introduction of oxygen- and nitrogen-containing sweep gas into the permeate chamber and the establishment of a pressure in the substrate chamber so that the oxygen partial pressure in substrate chamber and sweep chamber results in the transfer of oxygen through the ceramic membrane. The process is distinguished by high operational safety.