Abstract: A method for making an epitaxial structure includes: (a) providing a sacrificial layer on a temporary substrate, the sacrificial layer being made of gallium oxide; and (b) growing epitaxially an epitaxial layer unit over the sacrificial layer.

Abstract: New (E)-styryl-alkynylsubstituted silicon compounds having the generalized formula 1 and A new method of obtaining (E)-styryl-alkynylsubstituted silicon compounds having the generalized formula 1. A denotes: phenylmethylsilyl, 1,4-bis(dimethylsilyl)benzene, 1,2-bis(dimethylsilyl)ethane, 1,1,3,3-tetramethyldisilazane, 1,1,3,3-tetramethyldisiloxane, R? denotes: tri(isopropyl)silyl, 1-pentyl, 2-(trimethylsiloxy)-2-butyl, 1-(trimethylsiloxy)-1-cyclohexyl, triethylgermyl, R? denotes: H or Cl and when A denotes phenylmethylsilyl then R? denotes also methyl or a methoxy group. A method of obtaining (E)-styrylalkynylsubstituted silicon compounds having the generalized formula 1 where A, R? and R? denote the same as stated above by way of a silylative coupling reaction between a suitable substituted styrene and a suitable vinyl-alkynylsubstituted silicon compound in the presence of a ruthenium(II) complex as catalyst.

Abstract: Provided herein are compounds, compositions, and methods in the field of medicinal chemistry. The compounds and compositions provided herein relate to spiro-oxindoles which function as antagonists of the interaction between p53 and MDM2, and their use as therapeutics for the treatment of cancer and other diseases.

Abstract: Control of a digital communication system having a plurality of communication lines on which signals are transmitted and received is implemented using a variety of methods and systems. According to one embodiment of the present invention, a method is implemented where the signals are affected by interference during transmission and each of the communication lines has at least one transmitter and at least one receiver. A model is created of the interference characteristics due to the signals carried on the communication lines. Interference characteristics for a line are determined based on the model and actual signals carried on other communication lines different from the line for which the characteristics are being determined. Actual interference is compensated for on the communication line using the determined interference characteristics.

Abstract: Disclosed is a method to achieve digital quantification of DNA (i.e., counting differences between identical sequences) using direct shotgun sequencing followed by mapping to the chromosome of origin and enumeration of fragments per chromosome. The preferred method uses massively parallel sequencing, which can produce tens of millions of short sequence tags in a single run and enabling a sampling that can be statistically evaluated. By counting the number of sequence tags mapped to a predefined window in each chromosome, the over- or under-representation of any chromosome in maternal plasma DNA contributed by an aneuploid fetus can be detected. This method does not require the differentiation of fetal versus maternal DNA. The median count of autosomal values is used as a normalization constant to account for differences in total number of sequence tags is used for comparison between samples and between chromosomes.

Abstract: A technology that can adaptively control an access mode according to a shared band or an unlicensed band used by an adjacent communication system. An access mode controlling apparatus includes a band recognition unit to recognize a usage rate of an unlicensed band or a shared band that is used by an adjacent communication system of a target communication system; a mode determination unit to determine, as an access mode, any one of a contention access mode and a contention-free access mode, based on the usage rate of the unlicensed band or the shared band; and an information transmitter to transmit mode information associated with the determined access mode to member nodes or a base station of the target communication system.

Abstract: The present invention provides a foldable wheel which can greatly reduce its size and be carried conveniently, comprising: an extendable hub including a first end and a second end, wherein the distance between the first end and the second end may be changed by adjusting the extendable hub; a plurality of extendable spokes each including a first extendable portion and a second extendable portion, wherein the first extendable portion connects with the first end of the extendable hub and the second extendable portion connects with the second end of the extendable hub, and the first extendable portion connects with the second extendable portion by a first connector; and a plurality of the second connectors connected with the plurality of extendable spokes for connecting to a rim.

Abstract: Provided is a method for producing decahedral titanium oxide particles, wherein the decahedral titanium oxide particles are produced by allowing a reaction gas containing titanium tetrachloride to flow into a reaction pipe having a partial double-pipe structure in which a hollow internal cylinder is inserted into an upstream portion of a hollow external cylinder, the method comprising: performing a preheating on the reaction gas containing titanium tetrachloride and a barrier gas not containing metal chlorides in a region on the upstream side of a downstream end of the hollow internal cylinder, while allowing the reaction gas to flow into the hollow internal cylinder and the barrier gas to flow between the hollow internal cylinder and the hollow external cylinder; and performing a main heating on the reaction gas in a downstream region apart from the downstream end of the hollow internal cylinder to thermally decompose the titanium tetrachloride.

Abstract: The present invention provides methods of diagnosing and identifying subjects as having GERD comprising detecting E-cadherin fragments in a biological sample from the subject. The invention further provides methods for identifying subjects as having heartburn that is responsive to proton pump inhibitor therapy and subjects having an increased likelihood of a rapid relapse of GERD after reducing the dosage of PPIs or terminating PPI therapy. In addition, the present invention provides methods for monitoring the healing of erosive and nonerosive esophagitis of GERD without the need for esophagogastroduodenoscopy or esophagogastroduodenoscopy and biopsy, respectively.

Abstract: A high temperature superconductor structure including: a substrate on which at least one buffer layer is deposited, a superconductor layer on the buffer layer, the superconducting layer composed of superconductor material that forms at least two substantially parallel superconductor filaments that continuously extend along the length of the substrate wherein at least two superconductor filaments are separated from each other by at least one insulating strip wherein the insulating strip continuously extends along the length of the substrate and is composed of insulating material with a resistivity greater than about 1 m?cm. Also disclosed are methods of producing high temperature superconductors.

Abstract: A paper sheet processing device is provided which can more simply detect the attachment/detachment of the magazine accommodating paper sheets and that the amount of paper sheets has reached a predetermined level and can reduce costs. The paper sheet processing device of the present invention has a magazine 5 which is attachable to/detachable from to a frame and capable of accommodating paper sheets, a moving member 53 which moves when the amount of paper sheets accommodated in the magazine 5 reaches a predetermined level, and a detection sensor 35 for detecting the movement of the moving member 53. The moving member 53 is supported on the magazine 5, and is moved by the attachment/detachment operation of the magazine 5 when the magazine 5 is not mounted on the frame so that the detection sensor 35 can detect that the moving member 53 has moved.

Abstract: The present invention relates generally to mutagenesis of target genes that takes advantage of the natural mutagenic capabilities of B cells, and enhances those capabilities by bringing the process of diversification under control. The invention provides a method for rapidly and inducibly generating point mutations and other types of diversification in expressed genes, such as antibody genes. This method can be coupled with selection to identify B cell clones that produce, for example, antibodies of high affinity or specificity. The diversification process can be modulated, accelerated, halted, switched between methods of mutagenesis and the like. The modulation of diversification in accordance with the invention is both inducible and reversible. The invention provides a means of rapid and feasible development of a repertoire of variant immunoglobulins and other polypeptides.

Abstract: Polynucleotides encoding variant polypeptides of DsRed are provided herein. The DsRed variants have increased bacterial expression, reduced aggregation, increased solubility, shifted emission spectra or increased brightness relative to a wild-type DsRed.

Abstract: The present invention generally relates to treatments involving glutaredoxins. In one aspect, systems and methods of the invention can be used to treat a subject having an oxidative stress condition, for example, airway inflammation or asthma. In some embodiments, a glutaredoxin may be used to treat a subject. Also provided in certain aspects of the present invention are kits for therapies involving glutaredoxins, methods for promoting such therapies, and the like.

Abstract: Methods of treating a lysosomal storage disorder and methods of increasing cellular uptake of a lysosomal enzyme using ?2 agonists or therapeutic agents that increase expression of receptors for a lysosomal enzyme.

Abstract: An autonomic conductivity restoration system includes a solid conductor and a plurality of particles. The particles include a conductive fluid, a plurality of conductive microparticles, and/or a conductive material forming agent. The solid conductor has a first end, a second end, and a first conductivity between the first and second ends. When a crack forms between the first and second ends of the conductor, the contents of at least a portion of the particles are released into the crack. The cracked conductor and the released contents of the particles form a restored conductor having a second conductivity, which may be at least 90% of the first conductivity.

Abstract: A power splitter and/or combiner is described. The power splitter may be provided as a broadband, passive, divide by N power splitter that may be advantageously employed in providing power to multiple electrodes within a plasma source. The power splitter comprises a transmission line and a plurality of N secondary windings arranged about the transmission lines.

Abstract: A method for predicting electrical power distribution interruptions based on common, immediate weather conditions. Daily, hourly, and bi-hourly weather data are used to predict the number of interruptions. Common weather conditions include, but are not limited to, rain, wind, temperature, lightning, humidity, barometric pressure, snow, and ice. The method includes compiling common weather data including a plurality of weather variables and the number of historical interruptions for a historical period, establishing model equations for the average value of the weather variables, combining the model equations for each of the weather variables into a composite model, and performing a regression analysis using the composite model to establish interruption prediction values. A computer program product for enabling said method and a computer system adapted to carry out said method are also included.

Abstract: Provided is a multi-route routing scheme that supports Quality of Service (QoS) in the wireless mesh network. A method of notifying about and avoiding congestion situation in data transmission in a wireless mesh network and a mesh node may also be provided. Data may be differentially transmitted to multiple routes by obtaining a route congestion level existing in a current multi-hop route and thus, data providing a real-time service, such as a video streaming service, may avoid congested routes and may be promptly transmitted. Multiple queues in a mesh node may be divided into divided queues based on a congestion situation of a transmission route in a network and the divided queues may be transmitted through multiple routes and thus, an efficiency of the overall network may increase.

Abstract: Systems and methods for One-Time Password (OTP) authentication with infinite nested hash chains are described. In one aspect, a methodology includes a client device that provides a one-time password (OTP) authentication server with certain registration information. The client device generates, via the OTP authentication server, an authenticated OTP with infinite nested hash chains, These generating operations use a first hash function (hA (?)) for updating a seed chain, a second hash function (hB (•)) for OTP production, an OTP seed number stOTP for a tth authentication, and two authentication seeds of numbers s2t?1Auth and s2tAuth, for the tth authentication.