Abstract: A Brønsted acid is a compound represented by formula (I): wherein n represents an integer of from 1 to 4, RHL('s) each independently represents Cl or F, and R1 represents an alkyl group having from 8 to 20 carbon atoms.

Abstract: A computer readable recording medium storing a control program causing a computer arranged on a same terminal as a resource to execute a process for authentication performed at the time of accessing to the resource, the process including: determining whether or not a request from a browser to the resource presents information indicating that the authentication has been done; verifying whether or not the authentication has been done, when it is determined that the request does not present information indicating that the authentication has been done; issuing to the browser the information indicating that the authentication has been done, when it is verified that the authentication has been done; and relaying data communication between the browser and the resource, when it is determined that the request presents the information indicating that the authentication has been done.

Abstract: A recording paper using at least a cellulose pulp as a raw material includes a thermosetting material which is a natural product, an extract of a natural product or a derivative of a natural product.

Abstract: A digital printing apparatus is controlled to provide a roughly consistent output rate, of printed sheets per minute, regardless of the size and orientation of the output print sheets. In one embodiment, the printer outputs short-edge-fed legal or A3 sheets within 25% of the rate it can output long-edge-fed letter or A4 sheets.

Abstract: Text, images, and/or graphics of electronic documents should be organized and laid out in a two-dimensional format for presentation to the viewer. The best such layout depends upon the content present, the creator's intent, the output device, and the viewer's interests. To analyze the qualitative nature of the layout in quantifiable terms, the electronic document is measure using various quantifiable factors; such as, balance, uniformity, white space management, alignment, consistency, legibility, etc.; that impact a qualitative nature of a document. Such quantifiable factors are then used to quantize the aesthetics, ease of use, eye-catching ability, interest, communicability, comfort, and convenience of the document.

Abstract: The present invention provides an optical waveguide, which at least includes: a waveguide core having a cavity therein; and a clad which encloses the periphery of the waveguide core and has a smaller refractive index than the waveguide core, wherein the optical waveguide changes a direction of a part or all of propagated light by using a part or all of an interface between the waveguide core and the cavity as a reflecting surface. The present invention further provides a method for manufacturing the optical waveguide, which at least includes: forming a core having a cavity therein on a substrate; applying an uncured clad material to a side surface and an upper portion of the core while maintaining the cavity which allows an atmospheric gas to be present in the cavity; and curing the clad material by heat or light to seal the gas in the cavity.

Abstract: Small, fast, and inexpensive in-line spectrophotometers can produce in-line spectrums of a substrate before or after printing on the substrate. In-line spectrums are generally far less complete than a reference spectrum produced with a large, slow, and expensive reference spectrophotometer. An in-line spectrum can be mapped to a reference spectrum using a variety of known algorithms. However, the mapping is erroneous when the media substrate type changes. Reference transform matrices and in-line transform matrices can correct the erroneous mapping.

Abstract: To provide an image coding apparatus that can generate a code that can be decoded by a general decoding apparatus while attaining a high coding speed. As a result of processing in a plurality of prediction units 21, a control unit 11 generates a predicted pixel value for a pixel of interest based on a pixel value of a predicting pixel located at a distance from the pixel of interest, the distance being predetermined for each pixel value prediction unit 21, counts, as a run-length for each pixel value prediction unit 21, the number of times that the pixel value of the pixel of interest successively correspond with the predicted pixel value, selects any of pixel value prediction units related to a run-length of one pixel or more, and outputs a code by referring to a predetermined code table with respect to a distance between the pixel of interest and the predicting pixel for the selected pixel value prediction unit 21 and the run-length thereof.

Abstract: In order to obtain a beam splitting prism which a beam can be split with simpler configuration in a state in which an optical path length is precisely controlled, there is provided a beam splitting prism having an incident and an outgoing faces orthogonal or parallel to each other, wherein transparent mediums, at least one beam splitter, and at least one reflector are combined so that the beam splitter and the reflector are located between the transparent mediums, the beam splitter and the reflector are arranged whose normal directions are orthogonal to each other, whereby a beam incident from an incident end face is outputted from an outgoing end face in the form of a plurality of split output beams.

Abstract: An automatic pre-printed sheets insertion system integratable into an otherwise conventional printer, without requiring any additional space, yet enabling the feeding of selected pre-printed sheets into the printer output path, bypassing the print engine and fuser, yet integrating collated with the output of regular sheets being regularly fed and printed within the printer. It includes a separate insert sheets feeding system and feeding path for feeding insert sheets from a bi-directional sheet feed tray which can be mounted in the same location as a normal sheet feed tray. The separate path can be through an existing inverter. The special tray can be a dual-mode tray and/or a repositionable tray for feeding blank or other normal sheets in one direction for printing and for feeding insert sheets in the opposite direction to be integrated into the printer output.

Abstract: A raster image path architecture having the capacity for supporting the rendering and output of a device-independent grayscale raster image, while also offering the capacity for supporting the rendering and output of a device-dependent binary raster image, thus offering the advantages of outputting a device-independent grayscale raster image while preserving the performance and image quality advantages of a conventional binary raster image path architecture.

Abstract: A method is disclosed for making a metal electrode which minimizes the contact resistance between it and an organic semiconductor. Acid-stabilized metal nanoparticles are deposited upon a substrate and annealed. This creates a metal electrode and releases acid. Upon deposition of semiconductor and subsequent annealing, the acid diffuses from the electrode into the semiconductor layer and acts as a dopant, minimizing the contact resistance. The use of oleic acid-stabilized silver nanoparticles is demonstrated.

Abstract: A bus communication system capable of determining an order of priorities based on IDs of transmitting nodes is provided. A communication unit writes its own node ID as a transmitting node ID into an arbitration field of a message packet that is to be transmitted from the communication unit to a bus, writes a node ID of a destination node into an auxiliary field defined at a predetermined location in the message packet, and transmits the message packet to the bus. A control unit rewrites the message packet transmitted from the communication unit by replacing the node ID written in the arbitration field with the node ID written in the auxiliary field, and transmits the rewritten message packet to the bus. Another communication unit, or the destination node, receives the message packet existing on the bus based on a match between its own node ID and the node ID indicated in the arbitration field rewritten by the control unit.

Abstract: A printing device includes: multiple marking engines that during operation place marks on output media; and, a power supply that selectively supplies selected levels of power to the marking engines for selected times so as to ready the marking engines for operation from a dormant state. Power from the power supply is selectively distributed to the multiple marking engines so that at least one of the marking engines is readied for operation prior to at least one of the other marking engines.

Abstract: A method for improving mixed raster compression segmentation utilizes a second stage of a process to generate the MRC Selector plane by operating on a multibit selector (GraySel) signal which is produced by a first stage process. The first stage methods used to generated the GraySel can be PDL or scan oriented. The binary Selector signal produced by the second stage minimizes the compression noise evident in the reconstructed image. This second stage processing relies on knowing the size of the JPEG minimum coded unit (MCU) which will be used to compress the segmented Foreground and Background planes. The idea is to move false (soft) edges away from the real (hard) edges by as large a distance as possible up to the point where they fall off the boundary of the MCU block. Thus a soft edge which occurs between two hard edges is either eliminated or repositioned to the midpoint and a soft edge between a hard edge and the MCU boundary is moved to the boundary.

Abstract: A color marking device including a control system for calibration of the device based upon dynamic color balance control of an output image.

Abstract: In an image-forming apparatus having a photosensitive body and an intermediate transfer belt, the intermediate transfer belt is extendible/contractible in a longitudinal direction and a toner image formed on the photosensitive body transferred onto the intermediate transfer belt. The intermediate transfer belt has a mark formed from photo-reflective particles on one or both sides thereof, which mark has a different photo reflectivity to the intermediate transfer belt and is used for detecting a reference position of the intermediate transfer belt.

Abstract: A coupler board includes an antenna that generates an electromagnetic field for wireless communication of data with multiple memory devices. The memory devices have data associated with operation of the machine stored therein, and may be configured as customer replaceable unit monitors (CRUMs) or system operation keys (SOKs). The memory devices may be in the form of radio frequency identification (RFID) tags. The electromagnetic field may have a dual-lobe radiation pattern to communicate with memory devices on either side of the coupler board. In one embodiment, the machine is a printing apparatus.

Abstract: Receiving an object color signal and an input black colorant quantity associated with the object color signal, an equivalent output black colorant quantity calculating section calculates an equivalent output black colorant quantity in an output color space equivalent to the input black colorant quantity from the input black colorant quantity. An output color signal determining section calculates an output color signal from the object color signal and the equivalent input black colorant quantity, and determines whether or not the coverage restriction is satisfied. When the coverage restriction is not satisfied, an optimum black colorant quantity is calculated by adjusting the input black colorant quantity, and an optimum color signal satisfying the coverage restriction is calculated to generate an output color signal with the optimum black colorant quantity in the restriction black colorant quantity calculating section and subsequent processings.

Abstract: In case of a “N-up” function, a correcting unit executes a correcting process operation with respect to an image read by an image input unit, a editing unit executes a magnification changing process operation, and thereafter, “N” sheets of images are placed side by side to form a single synthesized image at a time when the processed image is stored into a storage unit 15. When transmitting the synthesized image, an attribute of the image set from a U/I is added to the synthesized image and the control unit transmits the resulting image to an external apparatus. As a result, a reception side can execute an optimum processing operation with respect to the synthesized image with reference to the attribute added to the image. As a consequence, even in a “network copy”, the “N-up” function can be realized in a high image quality similar to that of a “direct copy”.