Abstract: An optical recording medium comprising a substrate having a pre-groove for focusing and tracking servo operation, and a recording film formed on the substrate, the recording film having optical properties which change in response to the application of at least one of a light beam or heat to a portion of the recording film.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for organizing a workspace of a graphical input system that utilizes borders to define regions within the workspace. The present invention addresses the problem of determining the scope of structure operations. Structures, e.g. a list, table or other group of items having some fixed relationship by introducing the notion of a border dynamically created on such systems using available areas on the workspace. Some ambiguity may exist as to where a structure begins or ends. Further, such structure operations may cause a structure to overlay another structure. Borders are used to tessellate a work surface into non-overlapping regions. Typically, within each region is a structure. Deleting borders on a tessellated work surface may cause others borders to be deleted with the object being to maintain a completely tessellated work surface. Further, various border types, visually represented by different line types, are enabled which in turn provide for defining different types of regions.

Abstract: A rotary-type developing unit includes: a rotary holder mounting a plurality of developing devices; each of the developing devices having: a developing housing storing a two-component developer consisting of a toner and a carrier and including a developing opening formed in part thereof; a developer carrier disposed opposed to the developing opening of the developing housing and carrying the two-component developer thereon; and a developer delivery member stirring and delivering the developer existing within the developing housing so as to supply the developer to the developer carrier. The developer carriers of the respective developing devices are selectively arranged at a developing position facing a latent image carrier by rotating the rotary holder intermittently, whereby respective color component latent images on the latent image carrier are respectively developed by the respective corresponding developing devices.

Abstract: An image forming method for forming a color image having a high glossiness without deteriorating graininess, color reproducibility, and offset resistance utilizes a transparent toner in addition to color toners and varies an amount of developed transparent toner based on the surface roughness of a transfer material such as an average surface roughness obtained from ten values. It is preferable to control the amount of developed transparent toner so that the amount of developed transparent toner M, the surface roughness Rz and specific gravity W of the transparent toner satisfy the following equation:0.15.multidot.Rz.multidot.W.gtoreq.M.gtoreq.0.06.multidot.Rz.multidot.Win which M is an amount of developed transparent toner (mg/cm.sup.2) and corresponds to a weight of the developed transparent toner per unit area on a photosensitive member of a solid image, Rz is an average surface roughness (mm) obtained from ten values and W is a specific gravity of toner (g/cm).

Abstract: A roller assembly is provided with openings in its outer surface for selective communication with a source of vacuum or a positive pressure. The openings may be angled along the roller rotational axis to impart a component of velocity to the paper perpendicular to the tangential roller surface velocity. Additionally, by selectively connecting the openings with sources of pressure and vacuum, enhanced paper alignment is achieved, multiple paper feeds eliminated, transitions between different velocities of rollers completed, or paper reverted so that printing can be achieved on first and second sides thereof.

Abstract: A telecentric laser beam optical focusing system consists of two diffractive optical elements. The optical system has a spot size of less than one micron and a Strehl ratio of over 0.9 with a f/number of one and a total object/image field of 0.5 micron.

Abstract: A photolithographically patterned spring contact is formed on a substrate and electrically connects contact pads on two devices. The spring contact also compensates for thermal and mechanical variations and other environmental factors. An inherent stress gradient in the spring contact causes a free portion of the spring contact to bend up and away from the substrate. An anchor portion remains fixed to the substrate and is electrically connected to a first contact pad on the substrate. The spring contact is made of an elastic material and the free portion compliantly contacts a second contact pad, thereby electrically interconnecting the two contact pads.

Abstract: A computer-based method for providing the generation of schemas for output documents. An output schema representing a desired output condition of a document is created from inputs comprising a tree transformation rule defined by at least a pattern, a contextual condition, an input schema, and user specified parameters. A match-identifying tree automaton is created from the one pattern, the contextual condition, and the input schema; and the match-identifying tree automaton is modified with respect to said user specified parameters.

Abstract: A data processing apparatus with software protecting functions capable of enhancing the level of encryption security independently of the memory management method of the system comprising the apparatus. Upon receiving target data to be encrypted, an encryption key generation unit generates an encryption key in accordance with an attribute of the target data. Using the encryption key, an encryption unit encrypts the target data. The encrypted data is placed into a storage unit. When a request is made to process the encrypted data, a decryption key generation unit generates a decryption key in accordance with the attribute of the encrypted data. A decryption unit decrypts the encrypted data using the decryption key. The decrypted data is processed by a processing unit. A control unit supplies the encryption unit with the data processed by the processing unit as data to be encrypted.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for reproducing color images using a non-interactive pyroelectric imaging process is disclosed. More specifically, the present invention is used to generate multiple layers of toner on the top surface of a pyroelectric imaging member without physical contact to the imaging member top surface. The ability to generate a composite image with different materials in this manner enables printing machines to use a pyroelectric imaging process to generate color images in the image on image (I-O-I) mode.

Abstract: A gyricon or twisting-ball display having superior reflectance characteristics comparing favorably with those of white paper is based on a material made up of two populations (e.g., two different sizes) of optically anisotropic particles, such as bichromal balls, disposed in a substrate. Particles of the first population, as considered by themselves without the particles of the second population, are disposed in the substrate in a closely packed (e.g., geometrically regular) arrangement having interstices. Particles of the second population are disposed in the interstices of the arrangement. A rotatable disposition of each particle is achievable while the particle is thus disposed in the substrate; for example, the particles can already be rotatable in the substrate, or can be rendered rotatable in the substrate by a nondestructive operation performed on the substrate.

Abstract: The use of a mixture of hard and soft magnetites as well as a lubricating wax in the formulation of single component developers is disclosed. The mixture allows for sufficient high remenance for MICR applications without high levels of magnetite loadings that can adversely affect the toner rheological properties and at the same time reduce sorter image abrasion.

Abstract: A method to remove during fabrication of a flexible electrostatographic imaging member, the curl from a curled layered member having a top surface and a bottom surface and comprised of a substrate and a thickest coated layer including: (a) heating a section of the curled layered member to at least the glass transition temperature of the thickest coated layer, thereby defining a heated layered member section containing a thickest coated layer section and a substrate section; (b) compressing the top surface and the bottom surface of the heated layered member section to expand the thickest coated layer section beyond the dimensions of the substrate section; and (c) cooling the heated layered member section such that the expanded thickest coated layer section shrinks to about the dimensions of the substrate section.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a laser diode driving circuit for supplying a drive current to a laser diode, a semiconductor integrated circuit for driving the laser diode, and an image recording apparatus in which a step of executing a scanning on a predetermined member to be scanned with a laser beam holding image information is included in an image recording step. The laser diode is certainly kept in a no light emitting state at a timing when the laser diode should be kept in the no light emitting state and is allowed to emit a laser beam of the light quantity faithfully corresponding to the drive current at a timing when the drive current is supplied to the laser diode. A bias current out of the bias current and a drive current which are supplied to a laser diode 1 is further divided into a first bias current and a second bias current. Normally, only the first bias current is supplied to the laser diode. The second bias current is supplied and stopped in a manner similar to the drive current.

Abstract: Ports of an ATM (Asynchronous Transfer Mode) switch are consolidated into cluster modules to increase the aggregate throughput of the switch. Packets are routed between cluster modules using an intercluster switching network. The intercluster switching network includes a plurality of input channels and output channels. During a switch cycle, a maximum of "K" packets are delivered to each of the output channels of the intercluster switching network. This maximum of "K" packets is a speedup per cluster module that is shared between ports of each cluster module. Consequently, each output port of a cluster module operates with a peak speedup of up to "K" packets per switch cycle thereby increasing the aggregate throughput of the switch.

Abstract: A plastic molded article including a body is provided. The body includes a first surface thereof and a second surface thereof. The second surface is spaced from the first surface. The body defines a first cavity extending inwardly from the first surface and a second cavity extending inwardly from the second surface. The first cavity overlaps the second cavity so as to form an aperture extending at least partially through the plastic molded article. The body further defines a recess extending inwardly from at least one of the first cavity and the second cavity at a location where the first cavity overlaps the second cavity so as to accommodate flash which may be formed during the molding process of the plastic molded article.

Abstract: A recording medium transporting apparatus is shown including a rowel spur. The rowel spur is designed to control the amount of ink adhering to the rowel spur, thus preventing image quality problems associated with slippage between the rowel spur and the recording medium and smudging of ink that is not adhered to the recording medium, as well as maintaining good transporting of the recording medium. The recording medium transporting apparatus transports a sheet shaped recording medium by using a rowel spur. Each tooth of the rowel spur is formed with a plate-like radially inner portion having a substantially constant thickness in a direction parallel to the central axis of the rowel spur, and a wedge-shaped radially outer portion. The wedge-shaped portion includes at least one slanted axial face that intersects a side of the tooth facing in the direction parallel to the central axis.

Abstract: A toner composition comprised of colorant, and an addition polymer resin of styrene, butadiene, acrylonitrile and acrylic acid.

Abstract: A method of automatically ordering the presentation of documents clusters generated from a ranked corpus of documents. First, the corpus is ordered into a plurality of clusters. Next, a rank is determined for each cluster based upon the rank of a document within that cluster. Afterward, the clusters are presented to a computer user in the order determined by their rank.

Abstract: A method for filling a powder container is provided. The method includes the steps of placing a first powder container to be filled in filling relationship to a supply of powder in a vessel, mechanically exciting the powder in the vessel to improve its flow properties, dispensing powder from the vessel into the first container, removing the first container from the vessel, and placing a second container to be filled in filling relationship to the vessel.