Abstract: Apparatus for and a method of modifying the properties of a material.A single ion beam from a source in a vacuum chamber is deflected by an electrostatic deflection system between a target and a substrate. When on the target, the beam sputters material therefrom on to the substrate. When on the substrate the beam bombards material previously deposited on it from the target which mixes it with the material of the substrate. A modified surface layer may therefore be achieved. The target and substrate may be moved relative to the beam if desired and the process may be monitored and controlled using appropriate sensors and controls.

Abstract: Aqueous dispersion coatings as binders for magnetic particles in the manufacture of audio, video and data processing magnetic media.

Abstract: The specification discloses a method for making a curved, conductively coated glass member, and the resulting product, by providing for a sufficient degree of substoichiometry at the moment of bend that the glass can be bent using conventional bending techniques without crazing the coating. Two alternative methods for achieving the degree of substoichiometry are disclosed. One involves coating the part to an initial light transmittance (T.sub.o) which is lower than that typically sought by prior artisans. The other involves bending the part in a reducing environment. Also disclosed is a method for increasing conductivity of the coating by exposing the coated part to a reducing environment at temperatures considerably higher than those heretofore thought feasible for use in reduction curing.

Abstract: A magnetic tape cassette, consisting of opaque plastics material, contains, according to the invention, a display window with a scale impressed therein, consisting of transparent plastics material as well as one or more fluorescent plastics materials finely-divided therein, the ratio between the light emission surface area and the light absorption surface area of the display window being from 1:10 to 1:2000.

Abstract: An antireflective film (7, 8) for photoelectric devices comprises at least a layer having a refractive index being the largest on the side abutting on the light receiving surface (2a) or the light emitting surface of a photoelectric device and continuously decreasing according to the distance outward from said side.

Abstract: The method and device for controlling the thermo chemical treatment of workpieces in slow discharge in a medium of treating gas, includes operating stages of warm-up with simultaneous intensive cathode sputtering, diffusion saturation, and cooling of treated workpieces. During each stage the workpiece temperature, the frequency of occurring arc discharges and the glow discharge voltage are measured and compared with preset values. Corresponding error signals and control signals are obtained and used to regulate the treated workpiece temperature and the arc discharge frequency using the discharge current value, and the glow discharge voltage using the flow rate value of one of at least two treating gases that enter the working chamber, a preset value of glow discharge voltage corresponding to each treating gas.

Abstract: An electrophoretic display device is set forth having various electrode schemes in order to modulate transmission of light through the device. The electrophoretic particles of the suspension form an imaging structure relating to an array of small unit cells or pixels which are turned on or off by appropriate electrical signals. Accordingly, the pigment particles totally cover transparent electrodes, which condition can be changed by applying the appropriate electric field to the opposite electrode. By this structure, various alphanumeric displays can be constructed.

Abstract: Oxide-ceramic targets which can be used in magnetically enhanced cathode sputtering and which are based on hot-pressed indium oxide/tin oxide mixtures, which have a density of at least 75% of the theoretical density and which have been diminished to such an extent in the oxygen content compared with the stoichiometric composition that they have an electrical conductivity which corresponds to a specific resistance of 0.6 to 0.1 .OMEGA..multidot. cm can be prepared by compression-molding the metal oxide mixture in a reducing atmosphere under a pressure of 50 to 600 kg/cm.sup.2 and at a temperature of 850.degree. to 1,000.degree. C.The targets can be used in direct-voltage sputtering.

Abstract: On a silicon semiconductor or a silicon semiconductor having a coating of a noble metal, a polymer film is deposited by immersing the silicon semiconductor or the silicon semiconductor with the noble metal coating in a solution containing a thiophene compound, applying a voltage to the silicon semiconductor as an electrode and, at the same time, exposing the silicon semiconductor to light.

Abstract: A process for oxidizing aromatic and alkyl substituted aromatic compounds to carbonyl containing compounds by contacting an aromatic and alkyl aromatic compound with an aqueous solution of ceric trifluoromethanesulfonate having from at least 0.75 to 7 molar concentration of free acid of trifluoromethanesulfonic acid and at least 0.2 molar cerium ion concentration. The present process provides a highly effective means of forming the desired carbonyl containing product in good yields and high selectivity.

Abstract: In an anodized aluminum support for use in a lithographic printing plate comprising an anodic surface stratum consisting essentially of oxides and phosphates of aluminum; the improvement wherein said surface stratum has an average thickness greater than 0.50 micrometers, is present in a coverage of greater than 600 milligrams per square meter of support, and has a web-like surface structure characterized by the presence of a multiplicity of interlacing filaments having average widths within the range of from about 0.03 to about 0.15 micrometers. The support is prepared by a process of anodically oxidizing at least one surface of an aluminum plate in an aqueous electrolyte, wherein the electrolyte comprises from about 15 to 30% phosphoric acid by weight, and the anodic oxidation is carried out at an anodizing voltage of at least about 50 volts at an electrolyte temperature of from about 25.degree. C. to about 50.degree. C. and at an anodizing condition of at least 2.5 amp.multidot.min/dm.sup.2.

Abstract: A dispersion of finely divided particles of a magnetic material in an organic liquid containing a dispersant comprising an amine carrying a poly(carbonylalkyleneoxy) chain (PCAO chain) in which the alkylene groups contain up to 8 carbon atoms, or an acid-salt thereof. The dispersion is useful for the preparation of magnetic recording media such as video, audio and computer recording tapes and discs. Certain of the dispersants are novel, especially a polyethyleneimine carrying at least two PCAO chains.

Abstract: Water soluble fluors useful in enhancing images obtained in autoradiography have the general formula:[F].sub.x [B].sub.y [S].sub.zF is a moiety which acts as a fluor, e.g., a dehydro derivative of a compound which is a fluor; preferred examples include 4-(2,5-diphenyloxazolyl), 1-napththylmethyl, 2-napththyl, and 4-[5-(2-phenyloxazolyl)]phenyl. S is a surfactant moiety which makes the molecule hydrophilic, e.g., dehydro derivatives of surfactants; preferred examples include polyethylene glycol derivatives, sulfonic acids or salts thereof, aryl sulfonates amines and quaternary ammonium compounds. B is a binding moiety which chemically binds the fluor moiety F with the surfactant S, and may be a chemical bond, or a disubstituted moiety such as an alkylene, e.g., methylene group. The variables x, y and z are integers which can generally vary from 1 to 10.

Abstract: An improved dispersant for magnetic media, comprising the reaction product of a phosphate ester and an alkali siliconate silylalkylphosphonate, is described. The dispersant can provide comparable magnetic properties in magnetic media at lower levels than are necessary for currently employed phosphate ester dispersants. A magnetic coating composition and a process for producing magnetic recording media, based on said improved dispersant, are also disclosed.

Abstract: This invention is directed to a polymeric composition:(a) between about 25 and 75% by weight of an elastomeric polymer;(b) between about 20 and 50% by weight of a processing oil;(c) between about 0.005 and 0.5% by weight of at least one stabilizer; and(d) between about 3 and 30% by weight of a phosphorescent pigment.

Abstract: A process for surface-treating copper products, for example, a copper foil to be used for a copper-clad laminate, the resulting surface-treated copper product having a superior bond strength to a base material, resistant to etching solution, acids, etc., is provided, which process comprises electrically depositing a binary alloy consisting of 95 to 20% by weight of zinc and 5 to 80% by weight of nickel, on the surface of a copper product to form a coating layer, followed by laminating the resulting copper product onto a base material under heating and pressure, said binary alloy being converted during the lamination into a ternary alloy of zinc, nickel and copper constituting a boundary layer having a superior bond strength between the copper product and the base material.

Abstract: An apparatus is described which makes possible the precise sputter etching and imaging of insulating and other targets, using a finely focused beam of ions produced from a liquid metal ion source. This apparatus produces and controls a submicron beam of ions to precisely sputter etch the target. A beam of electrons directed on the target neutralizes the charge created by the incident ion beam. Imaging of the target surface and ultra-precise control of the etching process is achieved by monitoring the particles that are sputtered from the target surface.

Abstract: A process for oxidizing aromatic and alkyl substituted aromatic compounds to carbonyl containing compounds by contacting an aromatic and alkyl aromatic compound with an aqueous solution of ceric methanesulfonate having from at least 1.5 to 9 molar concentration of free acid of methanesulfonic acid and at least 0.2 molar cerium ion concentration. The present process provides a highly effective means of forming the desired carbonyl containing product in good yields and high selectivity.

Abstract: The invention relates to a process for the electrosynthesis of alcohols and epoxy compounds by electrochemical reduction of organic halides in the presence of carbonyl derivatives in an organic solvent medium containing a supporting electrolyte. The organic halides contain an atom or a functional group which stabilizes carbon-ions, preferably fixed to the carbon carrying the halogen. The anode is made of a reducing metal preferably chosen from the group consisting of magnesium, aluminium, zinc, iron and their alloys. This process has the advantage of being simple, readily convertible to an industrial scale, especially as a result of the possibility of using a single-compartment cell and low-toxicity solvents. It can be applied to the electrosynthesis of numerous alcohols.

Abstract: An x-ray intensifying screen comprises a support having thereon a fluorescent composition comprising:(a) from 50 to 90 percent by weight of a substantially isotropic phosphor which is excited by x-rays and substantially transparent to light emitted by said phosphor; and(b) from 10 to 50 percent by weight of a polymer having an index of refraction within 0.02 of the index of refraction of said phosphor over at least 80 percent of the emission spectrum of said phosphor, said support having an index of refraction up to or equal to 0.05 units higher than the index of refraction of said phosphor and having a reflection optical density of at least 1.7 to light emitted by said phosphor.The screen is highly transparent, and further exhibits improved contrast and resolution.