Abstract: Novel bacteria strains are decribed which are created by the introduction of DNA encoding for the production of chitinase, an enzyme capable of degrading chitin present in fungi and nematodes. The strains have utility in producing chitinase for the purpose of inhibiting plant pathogens. Novel pathogen-resistant plants are also described which are created by introduction of DNA encoding for the production of chitinase.

Abstract: This invention involves a cloning or expression vector comprising a gene which encodes 5-enolpyruvylshikimate-3-phosphate synthase (EPSPS) polypeptide which, when expressed in a plant cell contains a chloroplast transit peptide which allows the polypeptide, or an enzymatically active portion thereof, to be transported from the cytoplasm of the plant cell into a chloroplast in the plant cell, and confers a substantial degree of glyphosate resistance upon the plant cell and plants regenerated therefrom.The EPSPS coding sequence may be ligated to a strong promoter, such as the 35S promoter from cauliflower mosaic virus, to create a chimeric gene. Such genes can be inserted into plant transformation vectors, and subsequently introduced into plant cells. Plant cells transformed using such genes and plants regenerated therefrom have been shown to exhibit a substantial degree of glyphosate resistance.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method of producing a hybrid plant of a wild species and a cultivated species of Lycopersicon which comprises fusing protoplasts of the wild and cultivated species and recovering a hybrid plant from fused protoplasts under selective regeneration conditions wherein the wild species is incapable of regeneration under said conditions.

Abstract: Somatic hybrids of Rutaceae plants were obtained by allowing the protoplasts from embryogenic cells of a Rutaceae plant, which are of the nucellar origin, resistant to fusion treatment, and have a high proliferation activity, to fuse with the protoplasts of another Rutaceae plant having no proliferation activity, and then cultivating the fused protoplasts in a medium not containing a phytohormone but containing a saccharide in a concentration suitable for the selective embryogenesis of the hybrid cells.

Abstract: The present invention relates to improved processes for selectively chlorinating acyl compounds at the alpha or 2-position. The process of the present invention comprises a method of producing alpha-chloro acyl chlorides comprising contacting an acyl chloride with a chlorine source at a temperature of about 75.degree. C. to about 125.degree. C. in the presence of (i) an effective amount of an auxiliary acidic agent and (ii) an effective amount of a food grade antioxidant and optionally (iii) an effective amount of oxygen or air.

Abstract: A process for forming a dipeptide which is substantially free of solid dipeptide-amino acid adduct by reacting the amino acid reactants in the presence of a polyol.

Abstract: A gene and gene product that regulates the expression of the capsidal envelope genes of HTLV-III/LAV and that can be used to regulate the expression of heterologous (non-viral) genes as well is disclosed. This art gene consists of two exons and can be used in creating nucleotide segments, vectors and cell lines. A new method for screening for compounds that inhibit the replication of HTLV-III is also described and comprises:(1) transfecting a T-cell line with the HTLV-III art and env genes;(2) thereafter, adding a preselected compound to the transformed cell line in increasing concentrations; and(3) determining whether the compound effects the art function without being toxic to the cell.An additional parameter to use in diagnosis of AIDS disease is also described. The use of the art gene and gene product in AIDS therapy is also disclosed.

Abstract: A new antitumor antibiotic designated herein as BMY-28121 is produced by fermentation of Streptomyces albus strain K7331-113 (ATCC 39897). BMY-28121, which may be recovered from the fermentation broth in either its natural free hydroxy form (BMY-28121A) or methyl ether form (BMY-28121B), inhibits gram-positive bacteria and anaerobes and inhibits the growth of mammalian tumors such as P-388 leukemia, L-1210 leukemia and B16 melanoma.

Abstract: A photopolymerizable monomer comprising a lipid having at least one hydrophobic acyl chain containing at least two conjugated acetylenic linkages is useful in preparing radiation-sensitive compositions and photographic elements comprising a plurality of liposomes. Further, processes for photopolymerizing the radiation-sensitive compositions and for forming an image in the photographic elements comprise exposing the lipid to radiation, heating the lipid to a temperature equal to or above a first transition temperature of the lipid to render it insensitive to further exposure, and optionally cooling the lipid to a temperature equal to or below a seocnd phase transition temperature of the lipid to render it again sensitive to further exposure. The monomeric lipids, when photopolymerized, form polymeric lipids exhibiting decreased solubility and liposome wall permeability as compared to the unpolymerized monomeric lipids.

Abstract: A process for preparing an optically active .gamma.-halo-.beta.-hydroxybutyric acid ester in high yields which comprises subjecting a .gamma.-haloacetoacetic acid ester to the action of a microorganism selected from genus Saccharomyces under an anaerobic condition. When the .gamma.-haloacetoacetic acid ester is subjected to the action of the microorganism in the presence of a ketal, the yield and optical purity can be further increased.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for microbiologically resolving racemic 2,3-o-substituted glycerol esters to obtain optically activated 2,3-o-substituted glycerol with remaining esters also being optically active.

Abstract: Angiosperm nodes are cultured to develop plantlets. The plantlets are exposed to photoperiods of light and dark. Leaf tissue removed from the plantlets when cultured produces at least 20% embryos.

Abstract: By reacting a primary aromatic amine with a dialkyl ether in the presence of a titanium dioxide alkylation catalyst having a surface area below about 130 square meters per gram, preferably in the anatase crystallographic form, at a suitably elevated temperature above about 300.degree. C., the amount of exclusively ring-alkylated product formed exceeds the amount of exclusively N-alkylated product formed.

Abstract: Cells grown in chemically defined (serum free) media are protected against endogenous oxidizing agents by a nontoxic antioxidant with free thiol groups, at cell densities less than about 10.sup.5 cells/ml, especially DL-penicillamine, N-acetylcysteine, mercaptoproprionic acid, 2-mercaptoethanesulfonic acid, and thiolactate. These agensts are useful in the maintenance and growth of hybridomas in such media.

Abstract: The object of this invention is to provide a method for selectively increasing the ratio of the single T-A2 major components in the T-A2 complex. More particularly, the object of this invention is a process for obtaining teicoplanin A.sub.2 selectively enriched in any of its major components, T-A2-1, T-A2-2, T-A2-3, T-A2-4 and T-A2-5 which consists in adding to the culture medium of Actinoplanes teichomyceticus nov. sp. ATCC 31121 or a mutant thereof which produces T-A2 complex through the same metabolic pathway, a selectively effective amount of an appropriate precursor.

Abstract: A method is provided for producing a product by enzyme-catalyzed reaction using supercritical fluid as a solvent. Improved reaction times, conversion efficiencies and/or other efficiencies (such as improved ease of product recovery) are obtained.

Abstract: A process for preparing 3a.alpha.-H-4.alpha.-[3'-propionic acid]-5.alpha.-hydroxy-7a.beta.-methyl-hexahydro-1-indanone-.delta.-lacton e, having the formula ##STR1## for the chemical synthesis of a pharmaceutical steroid, which includes cultivating, in the presence of cholesterol, sitosterol, stigmasterol, or a mixture of sitosterol and sitostanol, a mutant of the parent species R. australis of the genus Rhodococcus.

Abstract: A method is disclosed for detecting RNA viral infections in plants comprising the isolation of an RNA molecule, e.g., from alfalfa mosaic virus (AMV), production of full-length cDNA transcripts, cloning into plasmids and propgation of the recombinant plasmid. This recombinant DNA plasmid is utilized diagostically to test a plant for infection by a virus, e.g., AMV.

Abstract: The compound 4-(N-ethyl-N-2'-hydroxyethyl)-amino-1-(2"-hydroxyethyl)-amino-2-nitrobenze ne, having the formula: ##STR1## is provided for use as a blue coloring nitro dye in a hair dyeing composition that may be directly applied to hair without the use of oxidation agents.

Abstract: 3',4'-anhydrovinblastine, a precursor of the anti-tumor alkaloids vincristine and vinblastine, is prepared by the enzymatic coupling of catharanthine and vindoline using an iron-containing compound such as peroxidase optionally in the presence of a peroxide. Substantially enhanced yields are obtained.