Abstract: A grandular product is prepared by fluidizing core material such as saccharide in a granulating chamber, spraying melted binding material such as fat to the fluidized core material and concurrently feeding dried viable microorganism cells such as bifidobacterium towards the fluidized core material to form a granular product having stratified structure by adhering microorganism cells on the periphery of the core material. Since the product is prevented from permeation of atmospheric oxygen and environmental moisture, the cell survival rate of the product is higher than that of the conventional product during prolonged storage periods.

Abstract: A method of transforming pine is disclosed wherein pine cells are inoculated with a strain of Agrobacterium tumefaciens. The strain contains a Ti plasmid which is capable of causing grown gall in the pine or a derivative of the Ti plasmid.

Abstract: A method for the expression of genes in plants, parts of plants, and plant cell cultures, in which a DNA fragment is used comprising an inducible plant promoter of root nodule-specific genes, DNA-fragments comprising an inducible plant promoter, to be used when carrying out the method, said DNA-fragments being identical with, derived from or comprising a 5' flanking region of root nodule-specific genes of any origin as well as plasmids and transformed Agrobacterium rhizogenesstrain which can be used when carrying out the method.

Abstract: A novel restriction endonuclease SplI which has the following physicochemical properties:(1) recognizing the following base sequences in double-stranded deoxyribonucleic acid ##STR1## and cleaving said sequences in the phosphodiester bonds between C and G as indicated with the vertical arrows to produce DNA fragments having one strand comprising four bases at the 5'-terminal;(2) cleaving double-stranded deoxyribonucleic acid .lambda.-DNA in one position, Col El in two positions and .phi.x 174 RF in two positions;(3) being activated with 5 to 20 mM Mg.sup.2+ ; and(4) exhibiting an activity at a NaCl concentration of 0 to 200 mM;and a process for the production of the restriction endonuclease SplI which comprises culturing a restriction endonuclease SplI-producing alga belonging to the genus Spirulina, collecting the cells, obtaining a cell-free extract therefrom the separating and purifying the restriction endonuclease SplI.

Abstract: Reactive dyes of the formula ##STR1## in which D is the radical of a dye of the monoazo, polyazo, metal complex azo, anthraquinone, phthalocyanine, formazan, azomethine, dioxazine, phenazine, stilbene, triphenylmethane, xanthene, thioxanthone, nitroaryl, naphthoquinone, pyrenequinone or perylenetetracarbimide series, R.sub.1 and R.sub.2, independently of each other, are each hydrogen or the radical of an unsubstituted or substituted hydrocarbon, A is an unsubstituted or substituted aliphatic or aromatic bridge member, n is 0 or 1, Y is a --CH.dbd.CH.sub.2 or --CH.sub.2 CH.sub.2 --X radical, X is an inorganic or organic radical detachable under alkaline conditions, Z is a radical of the formula ##STR2## and Hal is chlorine or bromine, and if n is 1 Z must not be either of the two radicals mentioned at the end for Z, are suitable for dyeing or printing cellulose fibre materials and produce lightfast and wetfast dyeings or prints.

Abstract: Arylmethylenesulfonamidoacetamide and thioacetamide derivatives and arylmethylenesulfonamidoester intermediates therefor. The compounds are useful as selective herbicides especially with respect to the prevention and elimination of barnyardgrass in grass crops, especially in rice crops.

Abstract: A recombinant DNA vector is provided as a universal transcription vector having a replication origin and selectable marker, a promoter and a transcription initiation site comprising a first transcribed nucleotide, wherein a restriction site is provided immediately adjacent to and upstream from the transcription initiation site so as to separate transcribed from untranscribed nucleotides. A second restriction site may also be positioned downstream from the said restriction site. Precise control of initiation and termination of transcription is attained by this invention. Such control is important in assuring the effectiveness of transcribed RNA viral vectors.A high fidelity in vitro RNA transcription method is also provided utilizing vectors constructed from the universal transcription vector, or other vectors producing transcripts having no more than one extra 5' base. This method is capable of producing functional RNA transcripts, preferably comprising infectious viral sequences.

Abstract: A method for treating the vascular passage of a patient, damaged by procedures such as an endarterectomy which denude portions of the vascular passages of their endothelial cell linings, is disclosed. In this method, endothelial cells are isolated from the patient's own microvessels, the flow of blood through the patient's damaged vascular passage is interrupted, the endothelial cells isolated from the patient's microvessels are applied to the surface of the denuded portion of the patient's vascular passage in a density sufficient to provide covereage of at least about 50% of said denuded portion, and interruption of blood flow through the vascular passage is maintained for a period of time sufficient to allow the sodded cells to form an attachment to the vascular lining sufficient to withstand the shear created by resumed blood flow through the vascular passage.

Abstract: Improved fermentation process for producing the Gram-positive antibiotic A47934 which comprises cultivating a new strain of Streptomyces toyocaensis, NRRL 18112, and a biologically purified culture of this microorganism are provided.

Abstract: A biocatalytic method for producing a desired amino acid is disclosed. The method involves contacting a 2-ketoacid corresponding to the desired amino acid with lactic acid, aspartic acid and ammonia, or salts thereof, in the presence of:(a) one or more transaminase enzymes capable of catalyzing the conversion of the 2-ketoacid and L-aspartic acid to the desired amino acid and oxaloacetic acid;(b) a malate-lactate transhydrogenase enzyme capable of catalyzing the conversion of lactic acid and oxaloacetic acid to pyruvic acid and malic acid;(c) a fumarase enzyme capable of catalyzing the conversion of malic acid to fumaric acid; and(d) an aspartate-ammonia lyase enzyme capable of catalyzing the conversion of fumaric acid and ammonia to aspartic acid.

Abstract: Novel 1-(4-phenoxyphenyl)-3-benzoyl urea compounds are provided together with methods for their preparation and the use of said compounds as the active toxicant in pesticidal compositions.

Abstract: The invention relates to a process for preparation of L-.alpha.-amino acid and D-.alpha.-amino acid amide from DL-.alpha.-amino-acid amide by contacting the DL-.alpha.-amino acid amide in an aqueous solution with an .alpha.-amino acid amidase containing preparation obtained from a culture of Pseudomonas putida in the presence of traces of bivalent metal ions as activator, characterized in that the aqueous solution also contains a potassium salt selected from the group consisting of potassium sulphate and potassium chloride.The invention further relates to a process for the preparation of L-.alpha.-amino acid and D-.alpha.- amino acid amide starting from the corresponding aldehyde, potassium cyanide and ammoniumsulphate, subsequent treatment with a ketone and potassiumhydroxide and finally subjecting to enzymatic hydrolysis with a preparation obtained from Pseudomonas putida.

Abstract: Disclosed is a method of culturing protoplasts in a liquid medium. According to the method of the present invention, the pH of the liquid medium for culturing the protoplasts is adjusted to not more than 5.2.

Abstract: Uridine is produced by cultivating in a culture medium a uridine-producing microorganism, which belongs to the genus Bacillus and which is deficient in uridine nucleoside phosphorylase activity and is resistant to a pyrimidine analogue, and recovering the accumulated uridine. This method has the advantage of substantially avoiding the by-production of uracil and uridylic acid.

Abstract: A method for processing exposed and developed photographic silver dye-bleach materials, in which the exposed and developed material is treated with aqueous bleaching preparations which contain (a) an acid component, (b) a silver complexing agent, (c) one or more bleach catalysts, (d) optionally an antioxidant, (e) optionally a water-soluble oxidizing agent and (f) optionally a bleaching accelerator.A water-soluble and as a rule solid adduct of an acid amide or a lactam and a strong mineral acid is used as acid component (a).

Abstract: A microbiological method for producing ethylene in which a bacterial species Pseudomonas syringae pv. glycinea or, in particular, a strain of KN 38, KN 41 or KN 50 of the species is cultured. Preferable conditions for culturing are disclosed. The efficiency of the bacteria for the production of ethylene is so high in comparison with other known ethylene-producing bacteria that a possibility of at least partly replacing conventional sources of ethylene is foreseen.

Abstract: In a method of continuously producing ethanol from sugar-containing substrates by fermentation of sugars by means of a flocculating strain of Zymomonas mobilis under anaerobic conditions and at a pH of from 4.5 to 7 a substrate is led commonly with Zymomonas mobilis cells through at least three fermentation stages without preceding sterilization, a concentration of at least 4% by volume of ethanol is maintained in each fermentation stage, a residence time of the fermentation medium in the entire system of maximally 31/3 h corresponding to a dilution rate of the fermentation medium in the entire system of at least 0.3 h.sup.-1 is adjusted, the Zymomonas mobilis cells are separated by sedimentation after the final fermentation stage, the Zymomonas mobilis cells are recycled into the first fermentation stage, and the ethanol-containing substrate separated from the Zymomonas mobilis cells is drawn off.

Abstract: Process for the preparation of aryloxy-benzoic acids containing a sulphonamide group by the direct reaction of a phenoxy-benzoic acid with a sulphonamide, in the presence of a halogenating agent such as P(O)Cl.sub.3.

Abstract: Novel 1-(alkylphenoxyphenyl)-3-benzoyl ureas and a process for their preparation are provided. The novel ureas are useful as the active toxicant in pesticidal composition.

Abstract: The present invention relates to new diselenobis-benzoic acid amides of primary and secondary amines of the general formula (I): ##STR1## and processes for the treatment of diseases in humans caused by a cell injury.