Abstract: In an electrode for electric discharge surface treatment used in electric discharge surface treatment for forming a hard coating on the surface of a treated material through the energy by generating electric discharge between the electrode and the treated material, a TiC powder (11) which is metal carbide and a TiH2 powder (12) which is metal hydride are mixed and heating treatment is performed after compression molding and hydrogen in the TiH2 powder (12) is desorbed to make a Ti powder (13) and a practical electrode (10) for electric discharge surface treatment having moderate strength and crumbliness as well as safety is formed.

Abstract: Fluorescent lamp (1) having a glass discharge vessel (2) in which a gas is present, which discharge vessel (2) is provided with a tubular end portion (3) having a longitudinal axis, which end portion (3) includes a glass stem (5), wherein an exhaust tube (6) extends axially outward from said stem (5) for supplying and/or discharging gases during the production of the lamp (1), wherein an electrode (8) extends axially inward through the stem (5) for maintaining a discharge in the discharge vessel (2), wherein the inwardly disposed end (10) of the electrode (16) is radially surrounded by a shield (15) for intercepting material emitted by the electrode (16), which shield (15) is mounted on an elongate support (16) which extends inward from the stem (5), and wherein said support (16) extends outward through the stem (5) into the exhaust tube (6).

Abstract: A gas discharge tube includes a plurality of light-emitting portions that are provided outside of the tube, at least two discharge electrodes, and an electron emission film formed on the entire inner wall of the tube for improving discharge characteristics.

Abstract: A variable optical attenuator having a waveguide and an MEMS actuator. In the variable optical attenuator, the input waveguide and the output waveguide face each other and are separated by a gap. The input waveguide increases in width along an optical path in order to expand the width of the light entering through an optical fiber of the input end. The output waveguide decreases in width along the optical path in order to make the expanded light converge towards the optical fiber of the output end. The optical shutter moves in the space between the two waveguides under the control of the MEMS actuator and attenuates the amount of the light. The variable optical attenuator having such configuration can be mass-produced in array form and are unaffected by ambient temperature changes.

Abstract: An assembly for mounting at least one optical fiber including a mounting frame defining a passageway therethrough. A fiber assembly plate generally defines a plane generally perpendicular to an axis of the at least one optical fiber and has a perimeter. The fiber assembly plate receives the at least one optical fiber. A mounting mechanism is disposed at a fixed location on the mounting frame and supports the fiber assembly plate over the at least one passageway. The mounting mechanism allows generally planar thermal expansion and/or contraction of the fiber assembly plate. A method of positioning at least one optical fiber in optical communication with an optical component using an athermal mount is also disclosed herein.

Abstract: A technique for sealing an EL panel of a light emitting device is provided. By preparing a absorption metal as a film on EL elements on the inside of an enclosed space, it becomes easy to made the interior of the space possess a absorption function, and further, an enclosure structure can be fabricated without the penetration of oxygen and moisture into the space because the absorption film is formed in succession after formation of the EL elements, according to the present invention.

Abstract: An optical fiber has a core, an inner cladding and an outer cladding on. In a first region the inner cladding refractive index has a first value which differs from the core refractive index by about 0.0045. The inner cladding refractive index changes along said fiber from the first value to a second value at a free-space end. The second value matches the core refractive index, so that the effective diameter of the core at the free-space end is that of the core plus the inner cladding. Hence the outer cladding acts to constrain the light in the end region. The spot-size and the V number (normalized frequency) are increased, thereby increasing offset tolerances.

Abstract: An optical coupling structure useful in optical switching devices is described. The optical coupling structure includes a core layer for guiding a light beam exiting a core layer of an optical fiber into a slab waveguide layer. The core layer of the optical coupling structure avoids a power loss of a light beam and establishes an adiabatic coupling. The core layer of the optical coupling structure may have a tapered surface.

Abstract: A cathode ray tube according to the present invention include a cold cathode electron gun, the cold cathode electron gun including a cold cathode array for emitting electrons through field emission, a gate electrode for controlling the field emission, a first selective electrode provided around the cold cathode array and the gate electrode, and a second selective electrode opposing the first selective electrode, and the second selective electrode is adapted to have a lower potential than the gate electrode and the first selective electrode. In accordance with this configuration, the divergence of electron beams emitted from any positions in the cold cathode array can be converged uniformly upon removing electron beams emitted at a great emission angle. This allows the electron beams thereafter to be made narrower by an electrostatic lens. As a result, the present invention can provide a cathode ray tube capable of forming a high-resolution image.

Abstract: An emitter has an electron supply and a porous cathode layer having nanohole openings. The emitter also has a tunneling layer disposed between the electron supply and the cathode layer.

Abstract: A red automotive incandescent lamp having a sealed lamp envelope formed from an amber glass, a pair of filaments located within the lamp envelope, and a red pigmented coating applied to an external surface of the envelope. The amber glass provides initial filtering of the shorter wavelengths of visible light, so that the red pigment has to filter out less light and therefore can be made less opaque. As a result, the lamp produces the desired red colored light at a total light output that meets applicable SAE and ECE requirements for automotive lamps.

Abstract: A method and an apparatus for manufacturing an image displaying apparatus having a display panel. A first substrate of the display panel on which a phosphor exciter is disposed and a second substrate of the display panel on which phosphors emitting light by the phosphor exciter is provided, are prepared under a vacuum atmosphere. Then, the first and the second substrates are carried in a getter processing chamber or bake processing chamber, and getter processing or bake processing is applied thereto under the vacuum atmosphere. After the processing, the first and the second substrates are carried in a seal processing chamber, where the substrates are heat sealed under the vacuum atmosphere. Thus, reduction of vacuum exhaust time and a high vacuum degree in manufacturing an image displaying apparatus is attained and efficiency of manufacturing is improved.

Abstract: A process laminates a flexible electrically addressable display and includes steps of: providing a flexible, electrically addressable liquid crystal display having two surfaces, placing a protective sheet over one of the surfaces, and heating and pressing the protective sheet to adhere it to the surface. The display has a flexible substrate on which is formed a transparent, first electrically conductive layer. A light modulating layer having liquid crystalline material and a polymeric binder is disposed on the electrically conductive layer, and a patterned layer having areas of opaque electrically conductive material is formed on the light modulating layer.

Abstract: The invention relates to the capacitive modulation of the field distribution in a silent discharge lamp 1, by a structured, electrically conductive device 2 for definition of preferred locations for discharge structures in the lamp 1.

Abstract: In a discharge lamp device, the arc tube body is configured by welding and integrating shroud glass with an arc tube so as to enclose a discharging portion, and a rearward elongating portion of the arc tube that elongates in the rear of the shroud glass is inserted and held into an opening of an insulating plug which is made of synthetic resin. A UV blocking film is formed on the outer surface of the rearward elongating portion of the arc tube. UV components of leakage light from the rearward elongating portion are cut off, and the amount of ultraviolet rays to which the resin layer in the opening is exposed is reduced. The UV blocking film is in the opening, and hence cannot be seen through a front lens.

Abstract: A method of manufacturing a shadow mask assembly, in which a shadow mask is fastened to a support frame in a tensioned state, includes applying a preliminary tension force with a magnitude of 9.8 to 490 N to the four corners of the shadow mask outwardly aslant with respect to sides of the shadow mask. A main tension force is then applied to each of at least a pair of mutually opposite sides of the shadow mask outwardly perpendicularly to the sides. Thereafter, the shadow mask to which the main tension forces have been applied is fastened to the frame side of the support frame.

Abstract: A light source (10) includes a light emitting component (32), such as a UV/blue light emitting diode or laser diode coated with a layer (60) of a phosphor material (64). The phosphor material converts a portion of the light emitted by the light emitting component to light of a longer wavelength, such as yellow light. The thickness d of the layer varies across the light emitting component in relation to the intensity of light emitted by the light emitting component. This maintains a uniform color of the emission from the light source while minimizing the loss in light intensity (brightness) due to the presence of the phosphor.

Abstract: A method for accurately mounting an optical element in an optical assembly including precisely positioning the optical element in a desired position with respect to a reference surface, employing a non-metallic adhesive for initially fixing the optical element in the desired position and thereafter employing a metallic adhesive for permanently fixing the optical element in the desired position.

Abstract: Provided is an electron-emitting device with high electron emission efficiency and with stable electron emission characteristics over a long period. The electron-emitting device has a substrate, first and second carbon films laid with a first gap in between on the surface of the substrate, and first and second electrodes electrically connected to the first carbon film and to the second carbon film, respectively. In the electron-emitting device, a narrowest gap portion between the first carbon film and the second carbon film in the first gap is located above a surface of the substrate and the substrate has a depressed portion, at least, in the first gap.

Abstract: A method for producing CRT screens includes the step of reducing the cooling rate of part of a press-formed glass screen during the cooling stage. The outside portion of the screen, i.e., the side normally facing a viewer, normally has a higher cooling rate than the inside portion of the screen, which leads to unwanted stresses in the finished product. The cooling rate of the outside portion of the screen is reduced by reflecting the heat radiating from the outside portion during the cooling process, and/or providing extra heat to the outside portion from a heater. The reduction in the cooling rate is preferably done during the transport of the glass screen from the press to the cooling oven. The method provides for systematic cooling of the inside and outside portions of the glass screen at nearly the same cooling rate.