Abstract: The disclosure relates to an improved sputter target for use in the deposition of hard coatings. An exemplary target is given wherein titanium diboride is brazed to a tantalum backing plate using a gold-palladium-nickel braze alloy.

Abstract: Disclosed is a cathodic element for a chlor-alkali electrolytic cell. The cathodic element has a hollow electrolyte permeable nonconductive finger with a permionic membrane on the outer surface of the finger and a cathodic electrode inside the finger, spaced from and substantially parallel to the walls of the finger.

Abstract: A process for manufacturing a dielectric member from aluminum or aluminum alloy which includes the steps of subjecting the aluminum or aluminum alloy to anodic oxidation in a nonaqueous electrolytic solution containing an organic solvent and dehydrated boric acid to form an oxide layer thereon, and buffing the oxide layer with a composition containing insulative abrasive grains and insulative binding material.

Abstract: A method and control system for a machining fluid pump in which the machining fluid is displaced by the pump to the machining site. The pump speed is controlled electrically, usually in response to a machining parameter or to a machining liquid parameter to minimize pumping of the liquid and heat rise therein.

Abstract: Wet process phosphoric acid prepared by treating phosphate rock with sulfuric acid is purified by extracting said wet process phosphoric acid with an organic solvent containing an equilibrium concentration of phosphoric acid in a first extraction section such that substantial extraction of phosphoric acid from said wet process phosphoric acid is prevented while the organic impurities in said wet process phosphoric acid are substantially extracted and under conditions which prohibit significant extraction of iron impurities into said solvent extractant, extracting the extracted wet process phosphoric acid of reduced organic impurity content with an organic solvent in a second extraction section, returning a portion of the solvent from the second extraction section to the solvent extraction phase of the first section, removing the organic impurities from the solvent phase which is obtained from the first extraction section, and returning at least a portion of the solvent from which the organic impurities have b

Abstract: The sensor according to the invention has at least one metal electrode of the same material as the measured structure and a permanent reference electrode. The measuring surface area of the metal electrode satisfies the relation 2.0m.sup.2 .gtoreq.S.gtoreq.0.1cm.sup.2, where S is the measuring surface of the electrode. The sensor is buried in the ground at a distance L from the measured structure, said distance L satisfying the relations 20m.gtoreq.L.gtoreq.0.1m and L.gtoreq.6R, where R is the radius of a hypothetical sphere having the same surface area as the measured non-linear structure, or the radius of a cylindrical linear structure such as a pipeline.

Abstract: A highly expanded inorganic foam containing discrete cells with an average diameter of 3 mm or less, being non-flammable with excellent thermal insulating property, heat resistant property as well as water resistance is found to be prepared by foaming and setting simultaneously at normal temperature by adding a suitable amount of a polyvalent metal carbonate to a stable aqueous solution dispersion of a metal phosphate with a specific atomic ratio of metal to phosphorus and a specific ratio of metal valences relative to phosphate ion valences.

Abstract: An improved electrolytic cell of the filter press type in which the electrode gap may initially be set and accurately maintained during assembly of the cell units is described. The cell units consist of a planar anode mounted in a peripheral anode frame, a planar cathode mounted in a peripheral cathode frame, a barrier, such as a diaphragm or membrane, positioned between the anode and cathode, a spacer member and at least one gasket member positioned between the edges of the anode and cathode frames. The total gasket width in an uncompressed state is greater than the thickness of the spacer member. Upon assembly of the unit, the gasket member is compressed forming a gas and liquid seal. The thickness of the spacer member determines the space between the anode and cathode frame members and, consequently, the space or gap between the anodes and cathodes mounted in the frame members.

Abstract: A process for producing zinc phosphate comprising treatment of zinc oxide with phosphoric acid in an aqueous medium at a temperature ranging from 70.degree. to 80.degree. in the presence of metallic zinc taken in an amount of from 1 to 10% by weight of zinc oxide, followed by separation of the resulting residue of zinc phosphate. It is possible to introduce zinc oxide and metallic zinc into the treatment process in a composition of zinc-containing wastes resulting from the production of formaldehyde sodium sulphoxylate or sodium hydrosulphite, or 2,2-hydroxy-5-methylphenylbenzotriazole. The yield of zinc phosphate is as high as 98%. The process of this invention makes it possible to produce zinc phosphate ensuring high protective and physico-mechanical properties of paint coatings based on synthetic binders. Thus, no signs of corrosion are observed on the coating based on epoxy resin and zinc phosphate produced by the process of this invention after tests for 6 months at temperatures of 20.degree. and 60.

Abstract: Pulses of a pulse duration not greater than 100 microseconds are applied by an electronic switch between a tool electrode having abrasive particles distributed over its surface and a workpiece across a polishing gap supplied with an electrolyte.

Abstract: A generator for oxyhydrogen gas comprises a plurality of flat metal electrodes mounted parallel with ring-like spacers between each pair of adjacent electrodes and bolts clamping the spacers and electrodes together to provide a sealed cell between each pair of electrodes within the periphery of the respective spacer. An inlet for electrolyte is connected to one outer cell and an outlet for the gas is connected to the outer cell. The electrodes are imperforate except for apertures adjacent the tops of the cells and in use a DC power source is connected across outer electrodes. The generator is of simple construction and achieves good cooling, high mechanical strength against internal explosions and ensures a minimal quantity of explosive gas in the upper regions of the cells.

Abstract: Heat is exchanged between a first bath used for an electrochemical surface treatment and a station which may contain a second, similar bath or a heat-using device. The first bath requires cooling while the station requires heating.

Abstract: A method is provided for manufacturing rubbing surfaces of cast iron comprising a perlitic or ferritic basic structure or matrix and free graphite.

Abstract: An improved process for the production of halogens and alkali metal hydroxide by electrolysis of aqueous solution of alkali metal halides in a flowing mercury electrolysis cell wherein the salt solutions do not have to purified and to novel amalgam denuders and a mercury electrolytic cell plant without a salt purification step.

Abstract: Foam is produced electrolytically in a liquid having foaming tendencies through the use of closely spaced electrodes of opposite polarity that are disposed in substantially upright dispositions within the body of liquid being treated. The electrodes extend from a position deep within the body to a point at or above the surface of the body, and the electrodes are so formed or are associated with such other structure that bubbles generated within the columnar treating region between the electrodes cannot escape from the electrodes until reaching the surface of the liquid, thereby being confined and exposed to the electrodes throughout the full extent of travel by the bubbles to the surface. By regulating the position of the bubble outlet relative to the surface of the liquid, the characteristics of the foam produced from the bubble discharge may be varied, e.g.

Abstract: An improved method and apparatus for attaching a target to the cathode of a cathode sputtering system is disclosed which includes a ferromagnetic retainer which releasably clamps the target to the cathode by virtue of its attraction to existing permanent magnets in the cathode assembly. An optional ferromagnetic ring may also be provided around the periphery of the target to further hold the target to the cathode assembly.

Abstract: Thin-film resistors with an insulating carrier member and a resistor film applied to the carrier member, in which the resistor film is a chrome-nickel film containing an added amount of at least one of the metals gold, aluminum, cobalt or tin, are disclosed, as well as the process for their production by reactive atomization (sputtering) of the metals in the presence of oxygen.

Abstract: Aluminum electrolytic capacitor foil is treated prior to anodization in a two-step process in which a hydrous oxide film is first formed on the foil and the hydrous oxide is then modified. In the first step the foil is immersed in boiling water to form an appropriate thickness of hydrous oxide and in the second step it is immersed in a boiling aqueous solution containing phosphate, silicate, or tartrate ions, or combinations thereof. This treatment results in a decreased power consumption during anodization and produces a film having higher film capacitance.

Abstract: A monopolar filter press electrolytic cell for use in the electrolysis of alkali metal halide brine to produce cell liquor, halogen and hydrogen the cell comprising a plurality of anode plates and cathode plates and a hydraulically permeable diaphragm positioned between each adjacent anode plate and cathode plate, and comprising at least one spacing plate of a non-conducting material positioned between each anode plate and adjacent diaphragm and between each cathode plate and adjacent diaphragm, the anode plates, cathode plates and spacing plates being provided with at least two openings in the faces of the plates which in combination define a first compartment lengthwise of the cell separated from the second compartment, the spacing plates between the anode and adjacent diaphragm being provided with at least one passage which permits brine to pass between the first compartment and the anolyte compartments and which permits halogen to be released from the anolyte compartments to the first compartment, and the

Abstract: Disclosed is a new form of brine flow meter necessary in metering brine to an electrolytic cell for the production of chlorine and caustic (sodium hydroxide). The flow meter is made advantageously of a plastic material resistant to the various pH ranges necessary for brine being fed to such an electrolytic cell with the additional advantage of clarity for visual observation of the flow rate and resistance qualities.