Abstract: Compounds of the formulae I or II ##STR1## and processes for their preparation are described. In the above formulae, Z is a tetravalent aliphatic radical, which can be interrupted by hetero-atoms, or a substituted or unsubstituted tetravalent cycloaliphatic radical, which can contain hetero-atoms and/or can be fused to a benzene ring, A is --C(R.sup.4).dbd.C(R.sup.5)(R.sup.6) or --C.tbd.C--R.sup.5, especially --CH.dbd.CH.sub.2, R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 independenty of one another are H, methyl, phenyl, --CN or Cl, or together are trimethylene, tetramethylene, ##STR2## R.sup.3 is a direct bond, C.sub.1-8 alkylene, cyclohexylene, phenylene or --CH.sub.2 -phenylene with the --CH.sub.2 group bonded to the N atom, R.sup.4 and R.sup.6 independently of one another are H, methyl or ethyl and R.sup.5 is H or C.sub.1-9 alkyl. The compunds of the formula I and II are valuable intermediates for the preparation of silicon-modified adhesion promoters.

Abstract: Polycarbonate type nonionic surfactant compositions comprising monohydroxy alcohols capped with polycarbonate groups. More specifically, the surfactant compositions comprise aliphatic, nonaromatic cycloaliphatic or aromatic alcohols which have been capped with block polycarbonate groups formed by the reaction of the alcohols with ethylene carbonate in the presence of an alkali metal salt catalyst. The surfactant properties of the compositions may be varied by first reacting the alcohols with ethylene oxide to form a block polyether group cap on the alcohols before the reaction with ethylene carbonate or by further reacting the polycarbonate capped alcohols with ethylene oxide to form a terminal polyether block group. The surfactants formed are a random distribution mixture of compositions wherein 2 to 20 moles of ethylene carbonate and 3 to 50 moles of ethylene oxide per mole of the alcohols are reacted together.

Abstract: Polyhalophthalimidoalkyl-functional carbonates may be employed as fire retardant additives to polymers. Examples of such carbonates are 2-(tetrabromophthalimido)ethyl 2,4,6-tribromophenyl carbonate, 2-(tetrabromophthalimido)ethyl pentabromophenyl carbonate and bis[2-(tetrabromophthalimido)ethyl] carbonate.Polyhalophthalimidoalkyl haloformates, N-(hydroxyalkyl)-polyhalophthalimides, and 2-(hydroxyalkylcarbamyl)-polyhalobenzoic acids are useful as intermediates in the preparation of the carbonates.

Abstract: Novel antibacterially-active compound, 1,2,8,8a-cyclopropa[c]-benzo[1,2-b:-4,3-b']dipyrol-4(5H)-one, prepared by a novel chemical process. This compound, as well as antibacterially-active intermediates, can be used to eradicate or control susceptible bacteria, for example, B. subtilis, K. pneumonia, S. lutea, S. aureus, and M. avium.

Abstract: Unsymmetrical carbonates of the formula ##STR1## are prepared by the following reaction sequence ##STR2## where R and R' can each be --CH.sub.2 C(NO.sub.2).sub.3, CH.sub.2 CF(NO..2).sub.2, --CH.sub.2 CF.sub.2 (NO.sub.2), --CH.sub.2 CCl(NO.sub.2).sub.2, --CH.sub.2 CF.sub.3, --CH.sub.2 CCl.sub.3, --CH.sub.2 C(NO.sub.2).sub.2 CH.sub.3, or --CH.sub.2 CF.sub.2 CF.sub.2 H, provided that R.noteq.R' and wherein R" is a lower alkyl group of from 1 to 6 carbon atoms.Also included are symmetrical 1,3-bis(halo- and nitroalkyl carbonyldioxy)-2,2-dinitropropanes of the formula ##STR3## which are synthesis by the following reaction sequence ##STR4## wherein R and R" are as defined above. The carbonates of this invention are useful as energetic additives to propellants and explosive.

Abstract: A process is provided for the manufacture of methyl mercaptan by reacting a carbon oxide, hydrogen sulfide and hydrogen in the presence of a catalyst at elevated temperature and pressure; the catalyst is a single-phase, solid material comprising a porous alumina-containing support upon which is deposited a mixture of one or more selected metallic sulfides and an alkali metal sulfide.

Abstract: Novel compounds of the formula ##STR1## wherein R is a halogen, Q is hydrogen, a substituted or unsubstituted hydrocarbon, ##STR2## (wherein R.sub.1 is a substituted or unsubstituted hydrocarbon or ##STR3## R.sub.2 is hydrogen or a substituted or unsubstituted hydrocarbon, R.sub.3 is a substituted or unsubstituted hydrocarbon, R.sub.4 is a lower alkyl group, X is oxygen or an imino group which may be substituted by a lower alkyl, and each of Y and Z is oxygen or sulfur); which are useful as herbicides.

Abstract: Compounds of formulaR.sub.1 O--(CH.sub.2).sub.m --S--S--(CH.sub.2).sub.p --S].sub.x S--(CH.sub.2).sub.n --OR.sub.2wherein R.sub.1 and R.sub.2 are, independently, hydrogen, C.sub.1-5 alkyl or a physiologically-hydrolyzable and -acceptable acid residue; m and n are, independently, 2 or 3; p is an integer of fron 2 to 6; and x is 1, 2 or 3; whereby when x is 2 or 3, each p may be the same or different, having immunostimulant activity.

Abstract: Compounds of the formula ##STR1## wherein R is aliphatic hydrocarbyl, alicyclic hydrocarbyl or aryl suitably substituted, if desired, or a heterocyclic group, R.sup.1 is hydrogen or alkyl, R.sup.2 is alkyl or alkoxy, R.sup.3 is ##STR2## wherein a is 0 or 1, R.sup.4 is hydrogen or CW'.sub.3, the W' being hydrogen or halogen, Z is halogen and X is halogen, hydroxy, alkoxy, acetoxy, carbethoxyalkoxy, phenoxy, alkylthio, carbethoxyalkylthio, phenylthio, phosphono, dithiophosphonoxy, phosphoramido, isocyanato, isothiocyanato, alkyl- and dialkylthiocarbamoylthio, alkyl- and dialkylcarbamoyloxy, alkylsulfonyl, etc., have herbicidal activity.

Abstract: A process for the preparation of an isoindoline derivative of the following general formula (II): ##STR1## wherein R.sup.2 is a hydrogen atom or lower alkyl group and X is a carboxyl group, carboalkoxy group, amide group or cyano group, which comprisescycling a benzylidene derivative of the following general formula (I) ##STR2## wherein R.sup.1 is a hydrogen atom or lower alkyl group, and R.sup.2 and X are as defined above, in the presence of a reducing agent such as sodium boron hydride. In one embodiment, the benzylidene derivative may be substituted by a reaction mixture containing the same, the reaction mixture being prepared by reacting o-phthalaldehydic acid or its ester with an aniline derivative.

Abstract: Bis-(diphenylsulfoniophenyl)-sulfide-bis-chloride and related aryl sulfonium halides are produced in high yields and in high purity by reacting diphenyl disulfide (Ph--S--S--Ph) in benzene in the presence of aluminum chloride with gaseous chlorine according to the disclosed process.

Abstract: A continuous process is provided for the vapor-phase preparation of C.sub.1 -C.sub.18 alkyl mercaptans where a di C.sub.1 -C.sub.18 alkyl sulfide is reacted with a molar excess of hydrogen sulfide at elevated temperature in the presence of a specified synthetic zeolite containing at least 10 percent by weight of an alkali metal, expressed as Na.sub.2 O.

Abstract: Described are branched chain alkenyl methyl carbonates and branched chain alkenyl formates defined according to the structure: ##STR1## wherein R.sub.3 represents hydrogen or methoxy and wherein in each of the molecules described by the structure, one of the dashed lines is a carbon-carbon double bond and each of the other of the dashed lines is a carbon-carbon single bond; and uses of the compounds wherein R.sub.3 is methoxy in augmenting or enhancing the aroma of perfume compositions, colognes and perfumed articles such as solid or liquid anionic, cationic, nonionic or zwitterionic detergents, fabric softener compositions, fabric softener articles, hair sprays, shampoos, bath oils and plastic fragrances.

Abstract: Provided is a novel process for the synthesis of aryl sulfides substituted with an alkoxy or phenoxy substituent. The process comprises reacting an alkoxy or phenoxy substituted aromatic compound with a sulfur dihalide, preferably sulfur dichloride, in the presence of an alkali metal tetrafluoroborate catalyst, with the amount of said aromatic reactant compound preferably being sufficient to solvate the sulfur dichloride and catalyst sufficiently to allow the reaction to occur.

Abstract: The invention relates to a process for inverting the configuration in optically active compounds of the formula ##STR1## in which Ar.sub.1 represents a monocyclic or polycyclic, carbocyclic or heterocyclic radical that has at least one ring of aromatic character and is bonded to the oxygen atom by way of a ring carbon atom, preferably of the ring of aromatic character, andR.sub.1 represents an optionally substituted aliphatic, cycloaliphatic or araliphatic hydrocarbon radical,or the salts thereof, characterized in that an optically active compound of the formula ##STR2## having a R(+) or S(-) configuration, in which R.sub.2 represents a monocyclic or polycyclic, carbocyclic or heterocyclic radical, or an optionally substituted aliphatic, cycloaliphatic or araliphatic hydrocarbon radical,is converted, by treating with a strong oxygen-containing inorganic or organic acid or halides thereof, into an optically active compound of the formula ##STR3## in which x.sup..crclbar.

Abstract: Novel N-(heterocyclicaminocarbonyl)carbonyl-substituted benzothiophene- and benzofuransulfonamides are useful as herbicides. The invention also includes novel sulfonamides and sulfonyl isocyanates useful in preparing such compounds.

Abstract: Some derivatives of interphenylene-9-thia-11-oxo-12-azaprostanoic acid which are active renal vasodilator agents are resolved via diastereomeric camphanyl or camphorcarbonyl esters. Upon hydrolysis, the separated diastereoisomers yield optically pure enantiomers.

Abstract: A process for resolving certain interphenylene-9-thia-11-oxo-12-azaprostanoic acids using camphanic or a camphor carboxylic acid, certain intermediates and optically pure azaprostanoic acids are disclosed.

Abstract: Compounds of formula (I) in the 1-form ##STR1## wherein R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 are the same or different and each is selected from hydrogen, optionally substituted (C.sub.1-7) alkyl, optionally substituted aryl and aromatic heterocyclyl and the dotted line is an optional direct bond, and acid addition salts thereof, are useful in treating worm infections in mammals. Compounds (I) are produced by forming the amide of m-aminotetramisole or by closing the dihydroimidazoline ring.

Abstract: When the reaction of aldehydes with alkali metal trihaloacetates is carried out in the presence of a highly polar aprotic solvent (DMF, DMSO), novel organic alkali metal carbonates, which are precursors of pyrethroid insecticides, are formed in high yields and at a high rate. Novel sulfonates and dihalophosphites, derived from these carbonates have also been claimed.