Abstract: A crude organic solvent solution of a polycarbonate containing an impurity is washed with an aqueous washing liquid by forming a water in oil dispersed phase by mixing the crude solution of the polycarbonate with a small amount of aqueous washing liquid in order to form the water in oil dispersed phase and then causing a phase inversion from the water in oil dispersed phase into an oil in water dispersed phase, and then, separating the organic solvent solution of the polycarbonate from the aqueous washing liquid.

Abstract: A process for preparing a dialkyl carbonate by contacting a glycol carbonate with an alcohol at an elevated temperature in the presence of a thallium compound.

Abstract: In the preparation of a 1-alkyl- and 2-aryl-thio-methylphenol of the formula ##STR1## in which R.sup.1 is, or the radicals R.sup.1 are, in the 3-, 5- and/or 6-positions relative to the hydroxyl group and each independently is a hydrogen or halogen atom, or an alkyl, cycloalkyl, aryl, aralkyl or alkoxy group,n is 1, 2, or 3, andR.sup.2 is an optionally substituted alkyl group having 1 to 12 carbon atoms, an optionally substituted cycloalkyl group having 3 to 6 carbon atoms, an optionally substituted phenyl radical or an optionally substituted aralkyl radical,by reacting a phenol of the formula ##STR2## with formaldehyde or an formaldehyde producing compound and with a mercaptan or a thiophenol of the formulaR.sup.2 --S--H.the improvement which comprises effecting the reaction at a temperature of about 90.degree. to 220.degree. C.

Abstract: A process is provided for preparing dialkyl sulfides by reacting alkanols and hydrogen sulfide in the presence of a zeolite catalyst that contains a reduced amount of alkali metal cations.

Abstract: Compounds of the formulae I or II ##STR1## and processes for their preparation are described. In the above formulae, Z is a tetravalent aliphatic radical, which can be interrupted by hetero-atoms, or a substituted or unsubstituted tetravalent cycloaliphatic radical, which can contain hetero-atoms and/or can be fused to a benzene ring, A is --C(R.sup.4).dbd.C(R.sup.5)(R.sup.6) or --C.tbd.C--R.sup.5, especially --CH.dbd.CH.sub.2, R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 independently of one another are H, methyl, phenyl, --CN or Cl, or together are trimethylene, tetramethylene, ##STR2## R.sup.3 is a direct bond, C.sub.1-8 alkylene, cyclohexylene, phenylene or --CH.sub.2 -phenylene with the --CH.sub.2 group bonded to the N atom, R.sup.4 and R.sup.6 independently of one another are H, methyl or ethyl and R.sup.5 is H or C.sub.1-9 alkyl. The compounds of the formula I and II are valuable intermediates for the preparation of silicon-modified adhesion promoters.

Abstract: Compounds having the formula ##STR1## in which R is selected from the group consisting of chloro and fluoro;R.sub.1 -R.sub.4 are each independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen and 1-4 carbon alkyl; andX is oxygen or sulfur protect crops from thiocarbamate herbicidal injury.

Abstract: 1-Pyrrole- and 1-pyrrolidine-carboxylic acid derivatives corresponding to the general formula: ##STR1## in which R represents an alkyl radical having from 1 to 4 carbon atoms, preferably ethyl, and Am represents a group: ##STR2## wherein R.sub.1 represents a 3-oxo-alkyl radical ##STR3## or a 3-oxo-alkenyl radical ##STR4## and R.sub.2 represents hydrogen or R.sub.1 and R.sub.2, when they are identical, each represent hydrogen, ##STR5## R.sub.3 representing an alkyl radical having from 1 to 5 carbon atoms with the proviso that when R.sub.1 and R.sub.2 are simultaneously hydrogen, Am represents the group A.The novel derivatives are useful as intermediates for synthetizing azaprostaglandines.

Abstract: A process for the preparation of 4-nitrothioanisole comprising successively in a single vessel and without intermediate isolation reacting 4-nitrochlorobenzene with Na.sub.2 S.sub.2, then with an alkaline Na.sub.2 S solution and with a methylating agent. Advantageously the reactions are effected in methanol or aqueous methanol, the reactions with Na.sub.2 S.sub.2 and Na.sub.2 S are carried out at a temperature between about 50.degree. to 70.degree. C., the Na.sub.2 S.sub.2 is formed in situ in about 20% excess from Na.sub.2 S and sulphur, the Na.sub.2 S solution is rendered alkaline with sodium methylate or sodium hydroxide, and methylation is effected with methyl chloride at about 27.degree. to 35.degree. C. The product is produced in such high yield and purity that it can be employed directly for chlorination, without extensive purification, to produce insecticide intermediates.

Abstract: Heterocyclic sulfenamides, such as N-[2-chloro-5-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]-N-[2,4-dinitro-6-trifluoromethyl)ph enyl]-3-nitro-2-pyridinesulfenamide, are useful as miticides, insecticides, fungicides and ovicides.

Abstract: This invention relates to a process for the optical resolution of DL-.alpha.-methyl-.beta.-acylthiopropionic acids of the formula [I], ##STR1## wherein R is a lower alkyl group having 1-4 carbon atoms, phenyl or substituted phenyl bearing methyl or chloro radical; a method for the racemization of an optically active .alpha.-methyl-.beta.-acylthiopropionic acid of the formula [Ia], ##STR2## wherein R is as defined above; and a process for the synthesis of captopril of the formula [II], ##STR3## using the D-acid [Ia] as an intermediate. The optically active .alpha.-methyl-.beta.-acylthiopropionic acids are useful as intermediates for the production of medicines, for example, captopril or its congeners.

Abstract: Disclosed is an improved method of forming polyol (allyl carbonate) monomers. In the disclosed method, the organic by-products as diallyl carbonate and unreacted reagents as allyl alcohol are separated from the brine and wash water derived aqueous phase and returned to the allyl carbonate synthesis reaction. The aqueous phase is further separated to recover allyl alcohol therefrom, which is returned to the allyl carbonate synthesis reactor as an azeotrope.

Abstract: A novel class of compounds which are useful as plant growth regulators is disclosed, having the general structural formula: ##STR1## In which R is cyano C.sub.1 to C.sub.5 alkyl, alkenyl or alkynyl to which may be attached phenyl, halophenyl, methylphenyl, pyridyl, benzoyl, trimethylacetyl, phenoxy, halophenoxy, halobenzoyl, N-phenylcarbamyl, N-alkylcarbamyl, N-trifluoromethylthiadiazolylcarbamyl, carboxy, carbalkoxy or halo substituents,R.sup.1 is H, acetyl C.sub.1 to C.sub.3 alkyl, alkenyl or alkynyl to which may be attached phenyl, halophenyl, carbethoxy, vinyloxy or phenoxy groups, or R and R.sup.1 together may be C.sub.2 to C.sub.4 alkylene,Ar is phenyl or benzoyl,R.sup.2 is C.sub.1 to C.sub.

Abstract: N-substituted-3,4,5,6-tetrahydrophthalimides in which the N-substituted group is a phenyl group having a substituted-oxy group at 3-position and a chlorine or bromine atom at 4-position and chlorine or hydrogen atom at 2-position have excellent herbicidal effect and are used as selective herbicides in a plant culturing.

Abstract: Novel substituted pyromellitic diimides are disclosed wherein the compounds are assymetrically substituted with a variety of substituent groups. Processes for the preparation of such compounds are also disclosed. The novel assymetrically substituted pyromellitic diimides are useful for administration to ruminant animals to increase feed efficiency, shift volatile fatty acid production in the ruminants from acetate with an increase in the more energetically efficient propionate and butyrate and to suppress methane formation in the rumen. Composition and methods of treatment utilizing said compounds as the active ingredient thereof are also disclosed.

Abstract: A novel class of compounds which are useful as plant growth regulators is disclosed, having the general structural formula: ##STR1## R.sup.1 is C.sub.1 to C.sub.4 alkyl, nitro or halo and n is zero or an integer from 1 to 4R.sup.2 is hydrogen, C.sub.1 to C.sub.4 alkyl, allyl or benzyl; n' is zero, 1 or 2 and Ar is naphthyl, phenoxybenzyl, phenyl or phenyl bearing thereon from one to three of the substituents: cyano, phenoxy, nitro, bromo, chloro, fluoro and C.sub.1 to C.sub.4 alkyl, alkenyl, alkoxy, alkylthio, carbalkoxy or alkyl-substituted amino.

Abstract: Loaded cells suspended in a physiological solution are prepared in a process in which their volume is expanded by osmotic pressure. Cells so prepared suspended in a physiological solution, when injected into the bloodstream of a living body are preferentially accumulated in the spleen and liver of the body, which treats them as foreign bodies, even though the original cells may have been cells of an animal of the same species. Similarly by storing the loaded cells in a solution containing substances such as glutadialdehyde, formaldehyde that react with the protein phase of membranes or which, like difluoro dinitrobenzene, react with the lipid layer thereof, the loaded cells can also be caused to be broken down by the spleen and/or liver. Premature release of the contents of the loaded cells is prevented and timely release of such contents is assured by incorporating other materials into the loaded cells during the preparation process in accordance with the related application of the same inventors, Ser. No.

Abstract: This invention relates to herbicidally active diphenyl ether compounds, herbicidal compositions thereof and the control of weeds therewith, said compounds represented by the formula ##STR1## wherein A is: ##STR2## wherein: X is hydrogen or halogen;Y is hydrogen, halogen, cyano, trifluoromethyl, or alkyl containing up to 4 carbon atoms;Z is nitro, halogen, or cyano; andR and R.sup.1 are the same or different and represent hydrogen, halogen, or alkyl containing up to 10 carbon atoms, or R and R.sup.1 may join together to form a benzene ring.

Abstract: A process for the production of a mono-halothiophenol, e.g. para-chlorothiophenol, and thiophenol. The process comprises reacting a reactant mixture of benzene and dihalobenzene, e.g. para-dichlorobenzene, with hydrogen sulfide in the presence of an absorptive catalyst, such as activated carbon, calcined petroleum coke, etc.

Abstract: Compounds of the formula 1 ##STR1## where R.sup.1 is a saturated, unsubstituted or substituted aliphatic radical of 1 to 8 carbon atoms, an unsaturated alkyl radical of 2 to 8 carbon atoms, a cycloalkyl radical of 3 to 7 carbon atoms in the ring or an alkyl radical of 1 to 4 carbon atoms which is substituted by phenyl or by a 5- or 6-membered aromatic heterocyclic ring containing an N, O or S atom, the phenyl ring or the heterocyclic ring itself being unsubstituted, monosubstituted or polysubstituted, andR.sup.2 is hydrogen orR.sup.1 and R.sup.2 together with the nitrogen are a 4-membered to 6-membered cycloaliphatic saturated heterocyclic ring,R.sup.3 is hydrogen or alkyl of 1 to 5 carbon atoms,R.sup.4 and R.sup.

Abstract: Novel carbonic acid esters are disclosed which are useful in a process for introducing esterified carboxy-type protective groups on amino and/or imino groups in amino and/or imino group-containing compounds for the temporary protection of said amino and/or imino groups. Additionally, processes for preparing said esters are also disclosed. .Iadd.