Abstract: A process for the preparation of emulsion polymers comprising 70 to 95% by weight of a vinyl ester and 5 to 30% by weight ethylene, the polymerization being carried out in the presence of 2 to 8% by weight of a protective colloid consisting of a blend of 1 to 3 percent by weight of 80% hydrolyzed polyvinyl alcohol, 0 to 2 percent by weight of 88% hydrolyzed polyvinyl alcohol and 1 to 3 percent by weight of 96% hydrolyzed polyvinyl alcohol, the blend having an average level of hydrolysis of 85 to 88%.

Abstract: A water-soluble polyvinyl 5-membered lactam having a molecular weight ranging from about 1000 to about 20,000 and chain-terminated with a compound selected from the group consisting of compounds of the following formulas ##STR1## wherein R and R.sup.1 are C.sub.1 to C.sub.4 alkyl or substituted alkyl; n is 0 to 20; R.sup.II is ethylene; R.sup.III is C.sub.1 to C.sub.24 alkylene or substituted alkylene; and R.sup.IV is C.sub.1 to C.sub.4 alkyl or substituted alkyl; can be prepared by polymerizing an N-vinyl 5-membered lactam in a liquid solvent-chain terminator compound of the formula (I) or (II) in the presence of a free radical initiator. The lactam polymer so-obtained may be activated and grafted to (conjugated with) a drug or an enzyme to alter the properties thereof.

Abstract: A liquid coating composition for forming an anti-interference film over a photoresist film is prepared by combining a water-soluble, film-forming component with a specified fluorosurfactant or by combining said water-soluble, film-forming component with a fluoro-surfactant and a specified anionic surfactant. A coating film is formed from said liquid coating composition over a photoresist film to produce a photoresist material of a dual structure. The photoresist material is particularly effective in lessening the multiple-interference effect of light, thereby enabling the formation of very fine resist patterns having high fidelity to mask patterns.

Abstract: A method is provided for the direct synthesis by living cationic polymerization of novel polymeric materials functionalized with desirable nitrogen-containing functional groups such as terminal azido, cyano, carbonylamino, cyanato, thiocyanato or thiocarbonylamino groups. Polymerization and functionalization occur in a substantially simultaneous manner. All necessary reactants for the functionalization are present when polymerization is initiated. The nitrogen-containing functional group is provided as a part of a molecule having a release moiety which is preferably resonance stabilized or a tertiary alkyl type and which acts to aid the nitrogen-containing species in functioning as a leaving group.

Abstract: The initiating system for the anionic polymerization of acrylic monomers, and where necessary, vinyl comonomers, including at least one R-M initiator in which M=a metal chosen from among the alkaline and alcaline earth metals and R=an alkyl with a linear or branched chain at C.sub.2 -C.sub.6 or aryl or arylalkyl, is characterized by the fact that the polymerization takes place in the presence also of at least one R.sub.1 OM.sub.1 alkaline metal alcoholate, in which R=an alkyl with a linear or branched chain at C.sub.1 -C.sub.6 or aryl or aryalkyl and M.sub.1 =an alkaline metal, on condition that when M.sub.1 is lithium, then R=an aryl or arylalkyl. Said process for the polymerization of primary, secondary, or tertiary alkyl acrylates, and possibly of vinyl comonomers, is characterized by the fact that the polymerization takes place in the presence of an initiating system as described above.

Abstract: 2,6-dimethylphenylmaleimide is used as a comonomer for the preparation of styrene copolymers and vinyl chloride copolymers having an increased glass transition temperature and low intrinsic coloration compared with the prior art.

Abstract: The incorporation of oxazoline monomers into conventional latexes imparts resistance to flash rust and salt fog of industrial coatings which contain the oxazoline latex.

Abstract: Novel polyacrylic acid resins are prepared by polymerizing a monomer selected from the group consisting of H.sub.2 C.dbd.CHCO.sub.2 X, H.sub.2 C.dbd.CR.sup.1 CO.sub.2 X, HR.sup.2 C.dbd.CHCO.sub.2 X, HR.sup.2 C.dbd.CR.sup.1 CO.sub.2 X, HR.sup.2 C.dbd.CHCOX, H.sub.2 C.dbd.CHCOX, H.sub.2 C.dbd.CR.sup.1 COX, HR.sup.2 C.dbd.CR.sup.1 COX, H.sub.2 C.dbd.CHCSO.sub.v X, HR.sup.2 C.dbd.CHCSO.sub.v X, HR.sup.2 C.dbd.CR.sup.1 CSO.sub.v X, H.sub.2 C.dbd.CR.sup.1 CSO.sub.v X, H.sub.2 C.dbd.CHCON(R.sup.3).sub.2, HR.sup.2 C.dbd.CHCON(R.sup.3).sub.2, H.sub.2 C.dbd.CR.sup.1 CON(R.sup.3).sub.2, OR HR.sup.2 C.dbd.CR.sup.1 CON(R.sup.3).sub.2, or a combination thereof, in the presence of at least 10% by weight of reaction components of an aromatic sulfonic acid or its salt, wherein:R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 are independently a substituted or unsubstituted alkyl, alkenyl, aromatic, aralkyl or alkaryl moiety of C.sub.1 to C.sub.20 ;R.sup.

Abstract: Provided by this invention are an acrylamide polymer which has a weight-average molecular weight (a) of from 1,500,000 to 10,000,000 and a weight-average inertial radius (b) of from 30 to 150 nm, the ratio (b)/(a) of the weight-average inertial radius (b) to the weight-average molecular weight (a) being 0.00004 or smaller; and an aqueous solution of an acrylamide polymer which solution has a polymer concentration ranging from 22 to 60%, a Brookfield viscosity at 25.degree. C. of 50,000 cps or smaller and a weight-average molecular weight of from 500,000 to 10,000,000. They are useful as paper strength agents.

Abstract: A living free-radical polymerization process for preparing polymers from vinyl aromatic monomers comprising polymerizing the vinyl aromatic monomer in the presence of a difunctional nitroxyl initiator.

Abstract: A polymer having the function of water treatment and labeled with a fluorescent substance having a allyl group is disclosed. A process for producing the polymer for water treatment having the function of water treatment and labeled with a fluorescent substance having allyl group comprises copolymerizing a fluorescent substance having allyl group obtained by introducing allyl group into a fluorescent substance using a Grignard reagent with a monomer having a polymerizable double bond. The polymer having the function of water treatment and labeled with a fluorescent substance having an allyl group can be obtained under atmospheric pressure. Concentration of the polymer for water treatment can be measured conveniently, accurately and quickly. Therefore, concentration of the polymer in water can be easily adjusted to the optimum value. Degradation of the labeled polymer by chlorine can be prevented when an agent for water treatment containing the labeled polymer and a hydantoin compound is used.

Abstract: Methods for synthesizing oligomers containing hydroxy acids, and optionally containing other types of monomers or oligomers such as amino acids, carbohydrates, nucleotides and peptides, are provided which are rapid, simple, and readily automated. The oligomers have a C-terminal and an O, S or N-terminal end. The starting hydroxy acid can be covalently bound at either the C-terminal or O, S or N-terminal end to a solid support. The bond to the solid support can be an amide, thioester, ester, phosphate, silyl ether, carbamate, benzyl ether, or other linkage that can be cleaved either chemically or enzymatically.

Abstract: The present invention presents a monomer including a vinyl group, which monomer is represented by a general formula (I) wherein R.sub.1 represents one of a hydrogen atom, a tert-butoxycarbonyl group, a tetrahydropyran-2-yl group, a tetrahydrofuran-2-yl group, a 4-methoxytehydropyranyl group, a 1-ethoxyethyl group, a 1-butoxyethyl group and a 1-propoxyethyl group, R.sub.2 represents a hydrocarbon residue including a bridged hydrocarbon group and having a carbon number ranging from 7 to 12 both inclusive, and R.sub.3 represents one of a hydrogen atom and a methyl group.

Abstract: The present invention provides hydrophilic crosslinked polymer fine particles made of a copolymer composed of:2-50% by weight of (a) a monoethylenic monomer having a polyoxyalkylene or polyvinylpyrrolidone chain,20-97% by weight of (b) a (meth)acrylamide type monoethylenic monomer,1-30% by weight of (c) a crosslinkable unsaturated monomer having at least one N-methylol or N-alkoxymethyl group and a polymerizable double bond, and0-50% by weight of (d) other monoethylenic monomer.Said polymer fine particles are superior in polymerization stability as well as in dispersion stability during storage, undergoes no adverse effect by dispersion stabilizer owing to no use of said stabilizer, and are suitably used for formation of a hydrophilic film.

Abstract: An energy polymerizable composition comprising at least one cationically curable 5 or 6 membered 1,3 oxazyl heterocyclic compounds, including 1,3-oxazoline and 1,3-oxazine monomers or compound and a catalytically effective amount of an initiator comprising an organometallic compound, wherein such oxazoline homopolymers and copolymers exhibit increased rates of reaction, improved thermal stability, and higher glass transition temperatures. The resultant adhesive compositions are particularly useful in electronic applications, such as bonding to polyimide sheets or film, flexible circuits or fiber optic connectors.

Abstract: A process of polymerizing a monomer capable of undergoing free radical polymerization, comprising contacting the monomer with a diradical initiator at a temperature sufficient to initiate free radical polymerization, wherein said diradical initiator contains sites of C--C unsaturation which cyclize to form a diradical.

Abstract: A complex comprises organoborane and polyamine. The polyamine is the reaction product of a diprimary amine-terminated material and a material having at least two groups reactive with primary amine. The complexes are useful in systems for initiating the polymerization of acrylic monomer, which systems further include a material reactive with amine. Polymerizable acrylic monomer compositions useful as adhesives can be prepared.

Abstract: Multi-functional vinylbenzyl and vinylphenyl pendant thymine (and uracil) groups are disclosed. The monomers can be used for the production of polymers useful in photoresist and other compositions as a function of the crosslinking reactivity of the pendant groups. Images in polymer are provided by exposure to actinic radiation (e.g., UV), containing such polymer and by solvent removal of non-exposed regions.

Abstract: A method of manufacturing a soluble conductive poly acetylene derivative represented by the following formula (I) including the steps of synthesizing a propargyl derivative by reacting a propargyl halogenide and an alkyne derivative and polymerizing the propargyl derivative in the presence of a transition metal catalyst. The thus obtained novel soluble conductive polymer can be used in a display device. ##STR1## (wherein, X is oxygen atom or sulfur atom, R.sub.1 and R.sub.2 are independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, C.sub.2 -C.sub.10 alkyl, C.sub.2 -C.sub.10 alkenyl; or when one of R.sub.1 and R.sub.2 is phenyl, the other is hydrogen or C.sub.1 -C.sub.10 alkyl, n is an integer between 50.about.200). The soluble conductive polymer of the present invention can be easily polymerized and has good stability and electrochromic characteristics when applied to display devices.

Abstract: New mixed polymers which can serve as base polymers for high-resolution resists are structured from 40 to 99 mole % of a tert. butyl ester of an unsaturated carboxylic acid and 1 to 60 mole % of an anhydride of an unsaturated carboxylic acid.