Abstract: Electrical connection between electrode arrangements formed on first and second substrates is described. The first substrate is placed over the second substrate with a UV light curable adhesive between them. The UV light curable adhesive carries first and second particles dispersed therein. The first and second substrates are pressed against each other and exposed to UV light in order to harden the adhesive. The first particles are made from conductive particles and preferably resilient and function to form current paths between the electrodes of the first and second substrates. The second particles function to prevent the first particles from being destroyed by excess deformation.

Abstract: An electro-optical device comprising a display drive system with the display timing related to the unit time t for writing-in a picture element and to the time F for writing-in one picture is disclosed. In the device, a gradated display corresponding to the ratio of the division can be obtained by time-sharing the signal during a write-in of time t without changing the time F.

Abstract: A liquid crystal display of the chiral smectic type is caused to have grey scales, by applying a voltage of an intermediate level to the liquid crystal. Within each picture element of the display, there are a number of domains of the liquid crystal layer, some being transparent while the other being opaque rendering grey tone to the picture element.

Abstract: A semiconductor device is comprised of glass substrate, an epoxy-phenol resin for buffer means formed on the glass substrate, a set of electrical wiring provided on the epoxy-phenol resin and a semiconductor chip provided with a bump of gold and bonded to the electric wiring with therebetween chip provided with the bump therebetween using a photo-cured type of an epoxy resin.

Abstract: A driving circuit for a non-volatile liquid crystal display conserves battery power by applying a first set of electric fields to the display through an electrode array for a defined period of time, and then removing these fields for a second, longer period of time. The display picture produced by he first set of fields continues to be displayed during the second period when the fields are removed, due to the non-volatile characteristic of the liquid crystal layer. The circuit then applies a second set of electric fields to the display to change the picture produced.

Abstract: A method for manufacturing an electro-optical device is disclosed. The first step of the method is distributing on a substrate at a thickness of 1 to 500 pm a mixture which comprises spacers having a diameter of 1 to 50 pm and plastic spherical covers having an inner diameter of 0.2 to 50 pm and containing a liquid crystal therein and coated with heat curable resin or photocurable resin or a polymerizable material on the outside surfaces thereof. Secondly, the substrate is joined to another substrate with the distributed mixture therebetween. Finally, the joined substrates are pressed against each other under an environmental pressure less than atmospheric pressure. In case of the heat curable resin, said pressing step is carried out with the substrates heated. In case of the photocurable resin, said pressing step is carried out with the distributed mixture irradiated with light. In case of the polymerizable, material, the material is polymerized during said pressing step.

Abstract: An improved photoelectric conversion device is shown. The device includes a plurality of photoelectric semiconductor elements each of which are composed of a first electrode and a semiconductor layer and a second electrode. The opposed surfaces of semiconductor layer is completely covered by the first and second electrodes.

Abstract: A novel structure of an active electro-optic device is disclosed. The device is provided with complementary transistors therein which comprise a p-channel TFT and an n-channel TFT. In case of a liquid crystal electro-optic deivce, the device comprises a pair of substrates, a liquid crystal provided therebetween, picture element electrode islands arranged in matrix form and provided on one of the substrates, complementary transistors provided thereon, and signal lines provided thereon. Gate electrodes of p-channel and n-channel transistors of these complementary transistors are connected to some of the signal lines while source (or drain) electrodes thereof are connected to the electrode islands and drain (or source) electrodes thereof are connected to other signal lines.

Abstract: A liquid crystal display is provided having pressure detection ability. An information input can be implemented by directly touching the display which has presented an image. The pressure detection is performed by means of the liquid crystal material which is also provided for use in a displaying operation. In the method of operation, the displaying and pressure operations are carried out alternately.

Abstract: Electrical connection between electrode arrangements formed on first and second substrates is described. The first substrate is placed over the second substrate with a UV light curable adhesive between them. The UV light curable adhesive carries first and second particles dispersed therein. The first and second substrates are pressed against each other and exposed to UV light in order to harden the adhesive. The first particles are made from conductive particles and preferably resilient and function to form current paths between the electrodes of the first and second substrates. The second particles function to prevent the first particles from being destroyed by excess deformation.

Abstract: A method for manufacturing a liquid crystal device in which a pair of substrates are placed in a vacuum chamber, with at least one inlet port provided for communicating with an inner space between the pair of substrates. The vacuum chamber is evacuated and a material including liquid crystals is supplied to the inlet port. The pressure of the chamber is then elevated such that the liquid crystal and other materials are introduced into the space between the pair of substrates by the use of differential pressure between the inside and outside of the space between the substrates. The material including the liquid crystals is maintained at a sufficiently high temperature such that the liquid crystals exhibit isotropic phases.

Abstract: A liquid crystal device and a manufacturing method thereof are described. The device comprises a liquid crystal panel and an auxiliary panel formed with an IC circuit for supplying driving signals to the liquid crystal device. The auxiliary substrate is separately provided with the circuit and the function thereof is tested in advance of the assembling with the liquid crystal panel. By this procedure, the yield is substantially improved.

Abstract: An improved liquid crystal device immune to contamination of the liquid crystal is shown. The liquid crystal is isolated from ion sources such as glass substrates, transparent electrodes or so on by means of a nitride layer positioned therebetween.

Abstract: A method of conserving the battery power supply of a liquid crystal display including a ferroelectric liquid crystal layer having a bistability characteristic, and an electrode arrangement corresponding to an m x n matrix of picture elements where all the picture elements are elements of a display picture to be displayed by the display where first electric fields are applied from the electrode arrangement for a first period of time to the ferroelectric liquid crystal layer to display a first display picture. The first electric fields are then removed for a second period of time greater than the first period of time whereby the first display picture continues to be displayed due to the bistability characteristic of the ferroelectric liquid crystal layer; and then second electric fields are applied to the ferroelectric liquid crystal display to change the picture displayed by the display from the first display picture to a second display picture.

Abstract: A method of producing patterns consisting of buslines and two or more sets of lead lines. The lead lines are formed together with fragments of the buslines. Portions of the lead lines are coated with insulating films. The fragments of the buslines are coupled by forming compensatory buslines in alignment therewith.

Abstract: A liquid crystal device including a unipolar driving source; a pair of substrates, at least one of which is transparent; a chiral smectic liquid crystal layer interposed between the substrates; and an electrode arrangement provided in order to apply an electric field normal to the liquid crystal layer, wherein the opposed inner surfaces of the substrates contiguous to the chiral smectic liquid crystal layer are formed of different materials having different surface energies such that upon application of the unipolar voltage to the chiral smectic liquid crystal, the chiral smectic liquid crystal molecules will be placed in a first state and upon removal of the unipolar voltage, the liquid crystal molecules will be returned to a second state.

Abstract: An improved photoelectric conversion device is shown. The device includes a plurality of photoelectric semiconductor elements each of which are composed of a first electrode and a semiconductor layer and a second electrode. The opposed surfaces of semiconductor layer is completely covered by the first and second electrodes.

Abstract: A method of producing patterns consisting of buslines and two or more sets of lead lines. The lead lines are formed together with fragments of the buslines. Portions of the lead lines are coated with insulating films. The fragments of the buslines are coupled by forming compensatory buslines in alignment therewith.

Abstract: An improved method of filling a liquid crystal device with a blended ferroelectric liquid crystal material is disclosed. The method includes the step of disposing the blended ferroelectric liquid crystal material in an inner space formed in the liquid crystal device, with the temperature of the blended liquid crystal being maintained during the disposing step at a temperature higher than the transition temperature of any constituent of the blended liquid crystal material such that the blended liquid crystal material is transformed in its isotropic phase.

Abstract: An improved photoelectric conversion device is shown. The device includes a plurality of photoelectric semiconductor elements each of which are composed of a first electrode and a semiconductor layer and a second electrode. The opposed surfaces of semiconductor layer is completely covered by the first and second electrodes.