Abstract: A d.c. motor together with a hot gas bypass valve is incorporated into a cooling system specifically designed for removing heat from computer systems. Unlike typical refrigeration systems, the cooling system herein runs continuously and responds to changes in thermal load. This allows the unit to operate within a wide range of ambient conditions and at various thermal load levels unlike other systems which were capable of operation only at a single, predesigned load level. The cooling system is modular and is easily added to or removed from a redundant system which includes a single evaporator with multiple refrigerant loops which provides yet another aspect of continuous operation due to the inherent redundancy thus provided.

Abstract: A redundant refrigeration system is used in conjunction with a dual passage cold plate to provide reliable cooling for electronic circuit modules particularly to such modules which incorporate computer processors for which long term "up time" is very highly desirable. Separate compressor-expansion device-condenser refrigeration systems are coupled to a single cold plate which maintains flow-wise isolation between refrigerant streams while at the same time providing close thermal coupling.

Abstract: A notebook or laptop style computer includes a visor which is attached to an upper edge of the screen. This visor includes electrical circuit components which typically have higher thermal load demands. The visor provides a mechanism for cooling these chips, particularly microprocessor chips. The system provides two related advantages, the first being placement of hot components in an area which is ideal for convective and radiational cooling. A second advantage is the removal of these components from the base unit which now contains other circuit components which are not subjected to high temperatures due to the presence of the components which have been removed and placed in or on the visor.

Abstract: A feed forward apparatus and method discipline a clock signal by a reference signal in digital telecommunication networks. A synthesizer correction term within the feed forward apparatus and method includes a frequency correction term so that when one frequency correction term is selected in place of another frequency correction term the phase of the clock signal remains free from extraneous frequency or phase variations during the transition between frequency correction terms. Alternatively, the synthesizer correction term includes a phase correction term so that phase coherence between the reference signal and the clock signal results.

Abstract: A d.c. motor together with a hot gas bypass valve is incorporated into a cooling system specifically designed for removing heat from computer systems. Unlike typical refrigeration systems, the cooling system herein runs continuously and responds to changes in thermal load. This allows the unit to operate within a wide range of ambient conditions and at various thermal load levels unlike other systems which were capable of operation only at a single, predesigned load level. The cooling system is modular and is easily added to or removed from a redundant system which includes a single evaporator with multiple refrigerant loops which provides yet another aspect of continuous operation due to the inherent redundancy thus provided.

Abstract: A cabinet with air inlet and exhaust openings includes one or more air-moving devices for the air cooling of circuit cards contained within the cabinet. The circuit cards are insertable into a board (back plane) which also contains an electronic circuit module which is cooled by at least one refrigeration system which may also be disposed within a portion of the cabinet. In one embodiment, a portion of the exhaust air stream is used to also cool a condenser portion of the refrigeration system. The refrigeration system is preferably a dual/redundant system with two distinct coolant loops passing through a single cold plate in contact with the circuit module.

Abstract: A thermosyphon system employs a flat evaporator which is matched to its function of cooling vertically oriented electronic circuit modules. The evaporator is connected in a thermosyphon system which facilitates air cooling and the closer spacing of electronic components whose immediate volume region is not occupied by cooling system components. The evaporator is configured to provide a uniform flow of fluid returned to it to avoid module hot spots.

Abstract: A cold plate includes two flow-wise isolated coolant (or refrigerant) passages (or sets of passages) for use in conjunction with separate refrigeration systems. The cold plate passages do not permit flow communication between distinct coolant (or refrigerant) paths. This permits two distinct cooling systems to operate in a redundant manner. Nonetheless, flow isolation is achieved while still maintaining tight thermal coupling between each path and the object, such as an electronic computer processor module, to be cooled.

Abstract: A cold plate includes two flow-wise isolated coolant (or refrigerant) passages (or sets of passages) for use in conjunction with separate refrigeration systems. The cold plate passages do not permit flow communication between distinct coolant (or refrigerant) paths. This permits two distinct cooling systems to operate in a redundant manner. Nonetheless, flow isolation is achieved while still maintaining tight thermal coupling between each path and the object, such as an electronic computer processor module, to be cooled.

Abstract: A cold plate includes two flow-wise isolated coolant (or refrigerant) passages (or sets of passages) for use in conjunction with separate refrigeration systems. The cold plate passages do not permit flow communication between distinct coolant (or refrigerant) paths. This permits two distinct cooling systems to operate in a redundant manner. Nonetheless, flow isolation is achieved while still maintaining tight thermal coupling between each path and the object, such as an electronic computer processor module, to be cooled.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a modified Raney nickel catalyst which can serves as hydrogenation catalyst for hydroxy aldehydes, such as 4-hydroxy-butanal, and 2-methyl-3-hydroxypropanal and hydroxy cyclic ethers such as 2-hydroxy-tetrahydrofuran. Further, a process for preparing diols by using the modified Raney nickel catalyst is provided.

Abstract: In the present embodiment, digital phase detection of digital telecommunications signals is based on heterodyning. The frequency of two signals are scaled to different nominal values that are separated by a typically small but finite difference. The two frequencies are then mixed to generate a finite beat frequency. In mixing, phase is preserved and the finite beat frequency phase is in one-to-one correspondence with the signal phase. Phase detection is performed indirectly at the lower finite beat frequency with high resolution and greater ease than direct phase detection.

Abstract: A master and a slave digital frequency synthesizer are phase-locked such that the master synthesizer is always selected to minimize the phase hits which occur when switching the master to be a slave and vice versa. The switching rearrangement is done automatically and rapidly in the event of failure of the master frequency synthesizer.

Abstract: This invention relates to the use of functional reporter molecules in the detection and measurement of RNA sequences in a sample, as a determination, for example, of pathogenic disease existence or potential. The invention is predicated on the utilization of nucleotide sequences, one having a probe sequence linked to a sequence capable of initiating replication by an RNA-dependent RNA polymerase. The other is capable of hybridizing to a strand separated from the extension product of the first nucleotide sequence after hybridization to a specific target sequence. The extension product of the second hybridized nucleotide sequence serves as a template source for autocatalytic replication by the RNA-dependent RNA polymerase. The replication products are detected as a means for detection of nucleic acid sequences.

Abstract: Magnetic cards are provided with unique card signatures which include a number of bits, some of which have intermediate magnetic levels. As a result a card reader allocates randomly either a one or a zero to the intermediate level bits. The random allocation provides a test for the genuineness of the card. The intermediate level bits are formed as a result of inherent inconsistencies in the characteristic of a normal magnetic stripe along its length. It is not possible therefore to readily, if at all, reproduce patterns of intermediate level bits in a duplicate because the stripe on the duplicate will have differently arranged inconsistencies along its length.

Abstract: The properties of a diffusion barrier material layer over a semiconductor substrate are enhanced in a simple and time-effective manner by immersing the substrate in an oxidizing liquid. For a titanium-tungsten barrier metal, a dip in nitric acid for 1-60 minutes provides the metal with an oxide layer of the right thickness of 10-20 .ANG..

Abstract: An integrated coolant fluid supply and exhaust distribution pathdefining structure is employed to provide a substantially planar cooling system for an electronic assembly which includes a substrate having electronic modules or electronic chips disposed thereon. The pathdefining structure includes interleaved supply and exhaust channels with the supply channels including apertures disposed adjacent to heat sink shafts which are connected to planar heat sink structures in thermal contact with chips or modules being cooled. The pathdefining structure produces a fluid flow path which is initially aligned with the surface area enhancing heat sink shafts and which exits therefrom in a plurality of directions which ultimately lead to the exhaust channels provided in the path-defining structure. The assembly, which includes an exterior housing and the substrate, provides a compact cooling mechanism for electronic components.