Abstract: A photographic film cassette has first and second shell halves constituting the cassette shell. At least one first engaging portion is formed on the first shell half. At least one second engaging portion is formed on the second shell half for being engaged with the first engaging portion so as to join the two shell halves integrally. The second engaging portion is disengaged from the first engaging portion to disassemble the cassette shell in order to take out the photographic film with the spool. In accordance with a another embodiment, at least one joining member is engaged with the two shell halves.

Abstract: A photographic film cassette where rotation of a spool causes a film leader to advance to an exterior of a cassette shell from a film chamber through a film passageway. A pair of flanges are provided on both ends of the spool. Round ridges formed on inside surfaces of the flanges are in contact with edges of an outermost convolution of a roll of film. The roll of film is thereby prevented from loosening. A plurality of radially extending slits formed on the flanges in a radial manner divides the flanges into sections. The resistance of the flanges is reduced when the flanges are spread for releasing the film leader by spreaders. In another preferred embodiment, a plurality of holes or openings is formed on the flanges in order to reduce the resistance of the flanges against a spreading force for releasing the film leader.

Abstract: An deviation E between a setting value SV and an actual phase value PV in a controller is integrated, and the resulting integrated value S is compared with a predetermined threshold D for detecting a malfunction. Checking a change in setting value SV, checking an increase or a decrease in deviation E and comparison with the absolute value .vertline.E.times.S.vertline. are made to ensure stability against fluctuations and rapid detection of a malfunction.

Abstract: A photographic film cassette has a spool, rotation of which causes a film leader to advance outside of a cassette shell. In a receiving recess formed on a spool end for receiving a rewinding shaft of a camera, a pentagonal circumference is formed for receiving a driving force from the rewinding shaft. Inclined planes are formed on the inside of the receiving recess for guiding insertion of the rewinding shaft into the receiving recess. Because the spool is rotated in axial coincidence with the rewinding shaft, the film can be advanced reliably outside of the cassette by slipping the outermost turn of the wound film smoothly with reference to a self-advancing mechanism. In a preferred embodiment, a film cassette is constituted by two shell halves, with one of which a part of the film passage mouth is integrated. A positioning member is integrated with the same shell half for positioning the cassette shell in contact with a receiving member formed in a film loading chamber.

Abstract: A pair of teremps of a knitted structure are bonded to a blank of a shell plate of a film cartridge. A pair of teremps in continuous lengths is conveyed in the longitudinal direction thereof with the piled side of each of the teremps kept in contact with a locator member. The teremps in continuous lengths are bonded to opposite side edges of the blank and then cut to conform to the blank. Before they are brought into contact with the locator members, the teremps in continuous lengths are subjected to a process in which the pile is substantially uniformly oriented rearward at an angle with respect to the direction in which the teremps are conveyed.

Abstract: A photographic film cassette has a spool, rotation of which causes a film leader to advance outside of a cassette shell. In a receiving recess formed on a spool end for receiving a rewinding shaft of a camera, a pentagonal circumference is formed for receiving a driving force from the rewinding shaft. Inclined planes are formed on the inside of the receiving recess for guiding insertion of the rewinding shaft into the receiving recess. Because the spool is rotated in axial coincidence with the rewinding shaft, the film can be advanced reliably outside of the cassette by slipping the outermost turn of the wound film smoothly with reference to a self-advancing mechanism. In a preferred embodiment, a film cassette is constituted by two shell halves, with one of which a part of the film passage mouth is integrated. A positioning member is integrated with the same shell half for positioning the cassette shell in contact with a receiving member formed in a film loading chamber.

Abstract: In a photographic film cassette, rotation of a spool in a direction of unwinding a photographic film causes a film leader to advance to an outside of a cassette shell. An exposed film is drawn out of the cassette shell after advancing the film leader for developing the exposed film in a state with a film trailer attached to the spool so as to keep the cassette shell reusable. The exposed film is wound up into the cassette shell after development. After development, the spool is rotated in the unwinding direction in a printer in order to advance the film leader outward such that the exposed film can then be drawn out of the cassette shell frame by frame for subjecting the developed film to printing in a state with the film trailer attached to the spool. Thereafter, the spool is rotated in a direction of winding up the developed film for containing the exposed film in the cassette shell.

Abstract: A self-advancing film cassette has at least one separation claw for separating a film leader from a roll of film. This separation claw is disposed within a cassette shell so that it will contact an outermost peripheral surface of a photographic film on the outer side of an area where a picture frame is to be formed. The separation claw is so configured that the contact position between the tip thereof and an end face of a film leader end is 1/3 or more of the film thickness when measured from the outer surface of the photographic film. The film leader projects most at a portion corresponding to the separation claw, and the film leader is formed to be narrow so that it will not be stuck to the film roll. In one embodiment, the film leader is subjected to deformation treatment to form a corrugated leading portion, or to rigidity increasing treatment to form a more rigid leading portion.

Abstract: A device for fabricating an oxide superconductor cable includes a spinning furnace for receiving a preform and spinning the preform into a glass fiber. The device further includes a sputtering apparatus for receiving the spun glass fiber and coating the glass fiber with an oxide superconductor film as well as a pulling mechanism for pulling the glass fiber.

Abstract: A self-advancing film cassette is provided with an auxiliary rotation transmittance structure for reliably transmitting rotation of a spool to the inner turns of a roll of film in order to prevent reverse rotation of the film caused by loosening of the inner turns of the roll of film or inferior bending rigidity. According to one preferred embodiment, a step portion for pushing the bending line of a film trailer is formed on a slit, permitting the end of the film trailer to be inserted therein. In another preferred embodiment, a spool is provided with a resilient member or flap member for urging the inner turns of the roll of film toward its outer turns. The film trailer has increased bending rigidity by having an embossing treatment, applied thereto, or by attaching a skirt thereto.

Abstract: In a film cassette, a spool having a roll of film wound on it is rotatable within a cassette body, but the film leader of this film does not protrude from the cassette body. The roll of film is held between a pair of flanges of the spool or the film roll is pressed by a projecting member and a resilient member disposed on the inner wall of the cassette body. Thus the roll of film, when the spool is rotated, is also rotated together with it. As a result, the film leader is fed outside the cassette. In order to prevent light from entering the cassette from the film withdrawing slot, the film withdrawing slot is closed by a cover member and a mask. Also, by virture of a provision of a film passage extending within the cassette in a curved state or by mounting a projecting portion on the film leader, the interior of the cassette is masked.

Abstract: When shaping a film cartridge having a hollow cylindrical shell and caps mounted on ends of the shell, a shell plate is brought into abutment with a mandrel having a perfectly circular cross section and bent around the mandrel by a bending roller. A cap is mounted on an end of the hollow cylindrical shell while it is on the mandrel, and the cap is clinched to the hollow shell while the cap and the hollow shell are grasped from the outside.

Abstract: When shaping a film cartridge having a hollow cylindrical shell and caps mounted on ends of the shell, a shell plate is brought into abutment with a mandrel having a perfectly circular cross section and bent around the mandrel by a bending roller. A cap is mounted on an end of the hollow cylindrical shell while it is on the mandrel, and the cap is clinched to the hollow shell while the cap and the hollow shell are grasped from the outside.

Abstract: This invention relates to a photographic film cartridge including a spool, a film wound into a roll on the spool with one end connected with the spool, and a cartridge case, the spool extending substantially coaxially with respect to the cartridge case and being carried at the opposite end portions by the opposite end walls of the cartridge case for rotation about the longitudinal axis of the spool, the cartridge case being provided with a film outlet through which the film is fed out and a shielding material on inner surfaces of the film outlet for keeping the interior of the cartridge case shielded from external light, characterized in that at least one adhesive material is provided for detachably adhering a winding of the roll of film to an adjacent winding of the roll of the film.

Abstract: A heat-treatment apparatus includes a quartz heat-treatment tube having a vertically set axis in which a heat-treatment gas is supplied from its lower portion, and a quartz cap to be mounted on an upper opening portion of the heat-treatment tube. An opening is formed in a central portion of the cap, a quartz rod is inserted through the opening along the axis of the heat-treatment tube, and semiconductor parts to be heat-treated are held by the rod. A first exhaust duct is formed in a side surface of the heat-treatment tube at a position higher than at least the semiconductor parts held by the rod and exhausts the heat-treatment gas in the heat-treatment tube. A ring-like chamber open toward the inner surface of the cap is formed in the outer circumferential surface of the heat-treatment tube in a position close to the upper opening surface, and a second exhaust duct communicates with this chamber.