Abstract: A chemical vapor deposition apparatus comprises a reaction chamber for annealing a silicon wafer, a transportation mechanism for transporting the silicon wafer to the reaction chamber, a detecting device for detecting temperature of the reaction chamber, and an operation control device for receiving signals corresponding to the temperature of the reaction chamber, and supplying to the transportation mechanism, other signals for preventing the silicon wafer from being transported when the temperature is 100.degree. C. or more.

Abstract: A visual display apparatus which enables the view angle for observation to be changed between two different levels with a simple arrangement by the observer's intention or according to the kind of image reproduced. The visual display apparatus has a device (5) for displaying an image, a relay optical system (4) for projecting the image displayed on the image display device (5) to form a first image, and an ocular optical system (2) for projecting the first image in an observer's eyeball. The relay optical system (4) has an optical system (4.sub.2) which is movable along an optical axis and enables a magnification to be changed between two different levels by moving the movable optical system (4.sub.2) along the optical axis. When one of magnifications of the movable optical system (4.sub.2) is assumed to be .beta., the other magnification is approximately 1/.beta..

Abstract: A cassette for containing photographic film has a spool which is provided with retaining claws for retaining a trailer of the photographic film. A cassette port communicates the spool chamber to the outside. To load the photographic film into a cassette, a loading apparatus picks up the trailer with an inserter jig. The inserter jig is passed through the passage port, and is brought to the spool so as to insert the trailer into the cassette shell. The trailer is retained on the spool with the retaining claws. The inserter jig is then drawn out of the cassette shell. Then the spool is rotated in order to wind the photographic film around the spool, fully into the cassette shell. To remove exposed photographic film from such a cassette, the photographic film is drawn and unwound. A separator jig, as passed through the passage port, is brought to the spool. The trailer is released from retention on the retaining claws by use of the separator jig.

Abstract: A cassette for containing photographic film has a spool which is provided with retaining claws for retaining a trailer of the photographic film. A cassette port communicates the spool chamber to the outside. To load the photographic film into a cassette, a loading apparatus picks up the trailer with an inserter jig. The inserter jig is passed through the passage port, and is brought to the spool so as to insert the trailer into the cassette shell. The trailer is retained on the spool with the retaining claws. The inserter jig is then drawn out of the cassette shell. Then the spool is rotated in order to wind the photographic film around the spool, fully into the cassette shell. To remove exposed photographic film from such a cassette, the photographic film is drawn and unwound. A separator jig, as passed through the passage port, is brought to the spool. The trailer is released from retention on the retaining claws by use of the separator jig.

Abstract: A photographic film cassette, having a spool with a slit therein, in which a film trailer is anchored. Abutting walls are formed on the inside of the slit so as to receive the end of the film trailer, and transmit the rotation of the spool to the roll of film. The film trailer anchored on the spool core is guided by a guide portion on the spool core to be wound smoothly in contact with the surface of the spool core. In a preferred embodiment, the spool consists of two spool pieces. A shaft portion of the external spool piece is inserted in that of the internal spool piece. The film trailer is inserted and anchored between the shaft portions which are fitted together.

Abstract: A photographic film cassette manufacturing apparatus, has a perforator for providing a long film with perforations and a cutter for cutting the long film into individual filmstrips to be contained in the film cassette driven synchronously with transport of the long film. A magnetic recording head for recording data on a magnetic recording layer of the long film is driven in synchronism with the perforator and the cutter. The long film is transported in a first direction before being cut into the individual filmstrips. In cooperation with the cutting, a trailing end of the individual filmstrip in the first direction is moved in a direction which is reverse to the first direction to secure the trailing end to the spool. A cassette shell consisting of a pair of shell halves is temporarily assembled by mating the shell halves together while containing a spool inside the shell halves, and thereafter opened to an extent that confining elements still confine the position of flanges of the spool.

Abstract: A photographic film cassette has a cassette shell, a spool contained in the cassette shell, and photographic film wound on the spool in a form of a roll. A leader of the photographic film is exited from the cassette shell through a passage mouth when the spool is rotated in the unwinding direction. A passageway is formed between the passage mouth and a roll chamber and has first and second inside faces which face respectively the emulsion and back surfaces of the photographic film. A first pair of ridges are formed on the first inside face, and contact on the emulsion surface in an area outside of exposure-designated image areas relative to a width of the strip of the photographic film. A second pair of ridges are formed on the second inside face, and contact on the back surface in an area outside of exposure-designated image area relative to the strip width. The two pairs ridges regulate a tendency of the photographic film to curl.

Abstract: A cartridge shell plate stacking apparatus has a plurality of arms circulating along an annular cam rail. Each arm has a magnet in its distal end. The cam rail lowers the distal end of the arm in a pick-up station to cause the magnet to attract one of the cartridge shell plates successively conveyed on a bucket conveyer and hold the shell plate in the horizontal state with plush ribbons stuck on the upside surfaces. The cam rail also lowers the distal end of the arm in a piling station wherein a piling box having a cut-out formed in the top edge of a side wall is disposed. Although the distal end passes through the cut-out, the cartridge shell plate cannot pass and strikes against the side wall, thereby to drop into the piling box.

Abstract: A plurality of shapes each having a fundamental construction of a flange are vacuum formed on a continuous sheet of thermoplastic resin. When blanking each of the formed shapes out of the resin sheet into an individual flange, a spool core is placed coaxially with the formed shape placed in the blanking position. The flange just blanked out of the resin sheet is moved in the blanking direction toward the spool core, to be fit on the spool core. The shapes are formed in a double line along the resin sheet, and thereafter, the resin sheet is slit along the longitudinal direction into two sheet branches each having the formed shapes arranged in a single line. The back side surfaces of the two sheet branches are opposed to each other, and the spool core is disposed between the sheet branches and oriented in a direction perpendicular to the back side surfaces of the sheet branches. The formed shapes are blanked out of the sheet branches in opposite directions toward opposite ends of the spool core.

Abstract: A device-isolating trench having a taper at its upper portion is formed in a silicon semiconductor substrate. Then, a silicon oxide film is formed on the inner wall of the trench and the surface of the semiconductor substrate near the trench by an oxidizing method, and polycrystalline silicon is buried in the trench.

Abstract: A film cassette assembly has a cassette and a roll of film wound on a spool and contained in the cassette. When the spool is rotated, the roll of film is rotated together with it in order to feed a film leader out of the cassette through a film passage mouth. To rotate the spool and the roll of film together, the film cassette assembly presses an axial end portion of the outermost periphery of the roll of film or presses the film's circumferential peripheral surface. Where the axial end portion of the outermost periphery of the roll of film is to be pressed, at least one of a pair of flanges of the spool is elastically deformed to clamp both axial side edges of the outermost periphery of the roll of film. Where the circumferential surface of the outermost periphery of the roll of film is to be pressed, a projection and an elastic member are provided within the cassette.

Abstract: To heat treat a semiconductor substrate without forming an oxide film on the surface thereof, the method of heat treating a semiconductor substrate, comprises: a step 1 of carrying a semiconductor substrate into a heat treating chamber heated at a temperature 150.degree. C. or lower; a step 2 of heating the heat treating chamber up to about 200.degree. C. to emit moisture adhering to the semiconductor substrate; a step 3 of introducing an etching gas into the heat treating chamber to etch an oxide film formed on the surface of the semiconductor substrate; and a step 4 of raising the temperature within the heat treating chamber up to a heat treating temperature to heat treat the semiconductor substrate.

Abstract: A photographic film cassette has photographic film wound on a spool and contained in a cassette shell. Rotation of the spool in the unwinding direction causes a leader to advance through a passageway and exit from a passage mouth. The passageway is defined by a pair of opposed inside faces. The first inside face confronts the emulsion surface of the photographic film, and the second inside face confronts its back surface. A separator claw is formed adjacent to the first inside face, and separates the leader from the roll. The separator claw is formed to project only to a small degree so that the photographic film is prevented from being rubbed and scratched thereby, even when the diameter of the roll is minimized. In a preferred embodiment, a camera for use with such a leader-advancing cassette has a receiving port, which is open to the inside of a cassette receiving chamber, and receives the photographic film as exited from the cassette.

Abstract: A photographic film cassette has a slit formed in a core of the spool. An engaging member having a spring force is disposed within the slit. The engaging member engages with an engagement hole formed in the trailer of a photographic film, so as to prevent the film trailer from being removed from the spool. In pulling the entirety of an exposed film out of the cassette so as to develop it, the engaging member is moved to an engaging release position to disengage it from the engagement hole.

Abstract: A device for a thermal treatment process and a film forming process includes a chamber for forming a thin-film on a semiconductor substrate under high temperatures, a heater positioned to enclose the outer periphery of the chamber, for heating the inside of the chamber to a high temperature; and insulator positioned to enclose the outer periphery of the heater. The device further has a first space formed between the chamber and the heater, a second space formed between the heater and the insulator, first and second exhaust sections provided for exhausting air from the first and second spaces. In the device, prior to inserting the semiconductor substrate into and removing the semiconductor substrate from the chamber, high temperature air is exhausted from the first and second spaces by the first and second exhaust sections, respectively, to cool inside of the chamber.

Abstract: A ribbon adhering apparatus for a photographic film cassette has a turntable, which has holders fixed circumferentially at a regular pitch. Slidable supporters are mounted on the turntable in correspondence to the respective holders, at positions inward therefrom. Initially in rotation of the turntable, a cassette half of a film cassette is set on an empty holder. Ribbon web is lapped on to support surfaces of supporters arranged adjacently. The web is cut between the supporters to separate ribbons. Sucked and held on the supporter, the ribbon is then heated to activate hot-melt adhesive agent. By advancing the supporter to a holder corresponding thereto, the ribbon is pressed against the cassette half via the adhesive agent. The supporter then stops holding the ribbon. After cooling the adhesive agent, the supporter is withdrawn from the holder, from which the cassette half is removed.

Abstract: This invention relates to a method of manufacturing a semiconductor device having elements isolated by a trench. A trench is formed to surround an element region of a silicon substrate by anisotropic etching. A nonoxide film such as a silicon nitride film is selectively formed on the upper surface of the element region. Thermal oxidation is performed using the nonoxide film as a mask to form an oxide film on the inner face of the trench and the upper surface of a field region. Thereafter, a polysilicon layer is buried in the trench, and after the surface of the polysilicon layer is flattened, a capping oxide film is formed on the upper surface of the trench. In addition, a non-oxide film is formed to have an interval between the end of the nonoxide film and the trench of 2 .mu.m or more.

Abstract: The rotation of a spool of a photographic film cassette in a film unwinding direction in a camera advances a film leader out of a cassette shell through a film passage mouth. An indicator window is formed on a surface of the cassette shell. A rotatable indicator wheel behind the indicator window carries an indication representing a degree of exposure of the photographic film, or unexposed, exposed, and numerals for frames at which the latest photograph was taken. A drive wheel is rotated in linkage with the spool for rotating the indicator wheel in order to move the indication into the indicator window. A clutch pin, which is connected with a pin receiver, transmits movement of the drive wheel to the indicator wheel when the spool rotates in the film unwinding direction. The indicator wheel is left separated from the drive wheel with the clutch pin disconnected from the pin receiver, when rotating the spool in a film rewinding direction.

Abstract: Light shielding cloths excellent in light-shielding ability, and film drawing resistance are obtained by increasing the pile yarn density in accordance with a special formula, by passing pile yarns between the needle loop and the sinker loop of the ground fabric or by using a combination of regular yarn and special yarn. The contamination of the film by the thermobleeding of the dye is prevented by using a particular dye. The generation of static marks is also prevented by treating the light-shielding cloth comprising synthetic fiber with a special antistatic agent or treatment.

Abstract: A film cassette assembly has a cassette and a roll of film wound on a spool and contained in the cassette. When the spool is rotated, the roll of film is rotated together with it in order to feed a film leader out of the cassette through a film passage mouth. To rotate the spool and the roll of film together, the film cassette assembly presses an axial end portion of the outermost periphery of the roll of film or presses the film's circumferential peripheral surface. Where the axial end portion of the outermost periphery of the roll of film is to be pressed, at least one of a pair of flanges of the spool is elastically deformed to clamp both axial side edges of the outermost periphery of the roll of film. Where the circumferential surface of the outermost periphery of the roll of film is to be pressed, a projection and an elastic member are provided within the cassette.